Earth and Life Science What is plutonism?

2.7-8 Describe how magma is formed (magmatism). Describe what Magma can intrude into low-density area of another geologic form such as a
happens after the magma is formed (plutonism and volcanism). sedimentary rock.

What is magmatism?
Magmatism plays a key role in mountain formation, as new ascending
magmas produce additional mass and volume to the Earth’s surface and
subsurface.
It is the emplacement of magma within and at the surface of the outer
layers of a terrestrial planet, which solidifies as igneous rocks.
When it cools and hardens, this intrusion develops into a pluton commonly
known as an igneous intrusive rock.
Plutonism is a process whereby a pluton which is an intrusion of magma
rises from beneath the surface. The term is probably a metonymy for
“Pluto” who is the ruler of the underworld in classical mythology.
What is volcanism?

Partial melting occurs where the solidus and liquidus temperatures are The most familiar way for magma to escape is through extrusion. Magma
different. can extrude onto the earth’s surface as lava.

*It is an important consideration in geology with respect to the chemical Lava is derived from the Italian word lavare: to wash. It originally referred to
differen-tiation of crustal rocks. Virtually all rocks on Earth derive from streams of water.
material from the interior of the earth that has been partially melted.
Some magma is expelled in volcanic vents. Lava flow is a thick, slow-moving
*The main places where partial melting occurs are subduction zones, mid- river of molten material.
ocean ridges, and hotspots.
Lava, when it cools, forms volcanic rock (volcanism).
a. Subduction Zone – It is the geodynamic process of one plate sliding
beneath another occurs along deep-sea trenches.

b. Mid-ocean ridges - is an underwater mountain system formed by plate

tectonics.

*It consists of various mountains linked in chains, typically having a valley

known as a rift running along its spine.

*This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an

oceanic spreading center, which is responsible for seafloor spreading.

c. Hotspots - are volcanic regions thought to be fed by underlying mantle

that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle. Magma
leaves the confines of the asthenosphere and crust in two major ways: an
intrusion and extrusion.