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INFORMATION
Retaining Wall/Sloping Backfill BULLETIN
CITY OF SAN DIEGO Development Services
1222 FIRST AVENUE, MS 301 SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4153 222
Call (619) 446-5300 for appointments and (619) 446-5000 for information January 2010
DS-5222 (01-10)
Page of 6 City of San Diego • Information Bulletin 222 January 2010
construction shall conform to ASTM C 270 and VII. SOIL DESIGN CRITERIA
shall conform to the proportion specifications This information bulletin is to be used only when
of Table 2103.8(1) or the property specifica- the soils to be retained are not expansive (i.e.
tions of Table 2103.8(2) of the CBC. sandy soils). The design of this information bul-
letin is based on the following criteria:
C. GROUT 1. Soil type: granular, non-cohesive soil backfill.
Grout must have a compressive strength equal 2. Active earth pressure with an equivalent fluid
to 2,000 psi minimum. Grout shall conform to weight of:
Table 2103.12 or to ASTM C 476. When grout 42 pounds per cubic foot for 2 to 1 slope.
conforms to ASTMC476, the grout shall be 60 pounds per cubic foot for 1.5 to 1 slope.
specified by proportion requirements or prop- 3. Passive earth pressure with an equivalent
erty requirements (CBC 2103.12). fluid weight of:
200 pounds per cubic foot for 2 to 1 slope.
E. REINFORCING STEEL 300 pounds per cubic foot for 1.5 to 1 slope.
Reinforcing steel must be deformed and com- 4. Allowable bearing value of 1,500 psf.
ply with ASTM A 615 (CBC 2103.13.1), Grade 5. Soil friction factor 0.25.
60. When one continuous bar cannot be used,
a lap or splice of 40-bar diameters is required. If existing soil conditions do not meet these
All bars shall be clean of loose flaky rust, design criteria or the conditions are unknown,
grease or other materials likely to impair bond. walls should be designed by a State of California
(ACI 318-05 Section 5.7). licensed civil engineer or architect. A soil report
Reinforcement in concrete shall be protected may be required.
from corrosion and exposure to chlorides. (ACI
318-05 Section 7.7.6). Concrete protection for Note: Soil lateral pressure due to earthquake
reinforcement shall be at least 3” to earth motion is not included.
when the concrete is poured against the earth.
(ACI 318-05 Section 7.7.1). viIi. INSPECTIONS
One #4 reinforcing bar must be placed longitu- Inspections must be performed during several
dinally within the wall in a bond beam block phases of construction. Please call for inspections
every 16 inches as the blocks are laid up. See at the following times:
Figure 2.
A. A footing inspection is needed when the
F. mortar key excavation for a footing has been dug with
To insure proper bonding between the footing the steel tied securely in its final position,
and the first course of block, a mortar key must and the site is ready for the concrete to be
be formed by embedding a flat 2x4 flush with placed.
and at the top of the freshly placed footing.
It should be removed after the concrete has B. A masonry pregrout inspection is required
started to harden (about 1 hour). A mortar when the block has been laid and the steel
key may be omitted if the first course of block is in place, but before the grout has been
is set into the fresh concrete and a good bond placed.
is obtained. 1. If cleanout holes are used, block may be
laid to the full height at the grout pour
Vi. wall drains before calling for the pregrout inspec-
Wall drains must be placed at 6-foot intervals tion. Grout shall be placed in a continu-
along the length of the wall and located just above ous pour in grout lifts not exceeding 6
the level of the soil or paving on the front face of feet.
the wall. The drains may be formed by placing 2. If cleanout holes are not used, a masonry
a block on its side at 6-foot intervals, by leaving pregrout inspection is required prior to
out the mortar in the vertical spaces between each grout pour. Block cannot be laid
all the blocks in the first course above the soil or higher than the grout pour. Note that
paving (head joint) on the front face of the wall, cleanouts are required for all grout pours
by installing 4-inch diameter drain line behind over 5 feet in height.
the wall, or by any other acceptable equivalent
method. Backfill behind wall drains or open head C. After grouting is completed and rock or rub-
joints must be loose rubble or gravel at least 12 ble wall drains are in place, but before earth
inches wide and extending from the top of the backfill is placed, call for a backfill/drainage
wall to the top of the footing. inspection.
FOOTNOTES:
1
Tables A makes the following assumptions:
f ’y= 600000 psi
Fs= 24000
Solid grouting
Using half f ’m stress
2
Walls not shown in Table A must be designed specifically for the actual conditions.
3
All construction must comply with the specifications shown in this information bulletin.
4
Walls less than 3’ 4” in height shall be constructed to meet the 3’ 4” wall height design criteria.
I= 6 Inches block
II= 8 Inches block
III=12 Inches block
5
Footing depth shall be 24 inches below finish grade and 12 inches of compacted soil is required on top of foot-
ing to stabilize the wall.
6
For the purpose of the structural design, wall height shall be measured from the top of the footing to the top
of the wall.
7
For zoning requirements fence height shall be measured from finish grade.
Page of 6 City of San Diego • Information Bulletin 222 January 2010