-> property of matter involved in electromagnetic interaction

-> “elektron”(amber)

-> interactions
between electric
charges at rest

-> Benjamin Franklin

-> positive & negative
charges

“Like charges repel, opposite

charges attract.”
2
-> atom: electron, proton, neutron
-> proton, neutron; quarks

-> gaining or losing of electrons

“The algebraic sum of all electric charges in any closed
system is constant.”

“The magnitude of charge of the electron or proton is a

natural unit (quanta) of charge.”

19
qe  1.602 10 C electron

q p  1.602  10 19 C proton

e  1.602 10 19 C quanta of charge

(electron charge)
1 2 Quarks doesn’t exist
qquarks   e, e
3 3 in isolation
-> materials that permits electric charges
to move easily from one region of the
material to another (Ex. Metals)

-> materials behaving opposite of a

conductor (ex. Plastic)

-> materials which can become an

insulator or a conductor

-> materials that permits ALL charges to flow within

-> charging (giving a body charge) with no physical contact but opposite sign

-> charges that lie on the surface of the material charged by induction
-> slight shifting of charge within the molecules of a neutral insulator
-> Charles Augustine de Coulomb
-> gives the magnitude of the electric
force the two objects exert on each
other
Coulomb (C) - SI unit of charge
q1q2
“The magnitude of the electric
F k 2
force between two point
r
charges is directly proportional to
the product of the charges and 𝐹 – electric force
inversely proportional to the 𝑞1 – charge on one object
square of the distance between 𝑞2 – charge on the other object
them.” 𝑟 – distance between the two objects
𝑘 – proportionality constant
 q1q2
F k 2
r 1
𝑘= , 𝑘 = 9.0 x 109 N•m2 / C2
4𝜋ϵ0
ϵ0 – permittivity of free space
1
ϵ0 = = 8.85 x 10-12 C2 /N•m2
4π𝑘
Charge on one electron: e = - 1.602 x 10-19 C
Charge on a proton: +e

9
-> valid in Coulomb’s Law
-> in a system of charges, the total force acting on a single
charge is the vector sum of the forces exerted by the other
charges

   
Ftot  F1  F2  F3  
Two point charges, q1=+25nC and q2=-75nC, are separated by a distance of
3.0cm. Find the magnitude and direction of (a) the electric force that q1
exerts on q2 and (b) the electric force that q2 exerts on q1

Two point charges are located on the positive x-axis of a coordinate system. Charge
q1=1.0nC is 2.0 cm from the origin, and charge q2=-3.0nC is 4.0cm from the origin. What is
the total force exerted by these two charges on a charge q3=5.0nC located at the origin?

12
Calculate the electrostatic force on charge Q3
due to the charges Q1 and Q2 .

13
-> imaginary field created by an electric charge
-> means of communication/interaction between electric
charges
-> analogous to gravitational field (force per unit mass)
-> electric force per unit charge (N/C)
  
 F
E F  qo E
qo
-> The electric force on a charged body is exerted by the
electric field created by other charged bodies

14
 
F  qo E

15
-> the field created by an electric charge is a
vector field

16
 kq
E 2
r
Coulomb’s Law for
Electric Field

-> the field created by an electric charge is a vector field

-> the location of the charge creating the field is a source point
-> the point in a vector field is a field point
17
-> electrostatics (charges are at rest or no net motion of charges)
-> electric field at every point in a solid conductor is zero (electrostatic situation)
-> free electric charges stay in the surface

E=0

-> the total electric field at a field point is the vector sum of
all the electric field created by the charges present
   
Etot  E1  E2  E3  
18
What is the magnitude of the electric field at a field point 2.0m from a point charge
q=4.0nC?

A point charge q=-8.0nC is located at the origin. Find the

electric field vector at the field point (1.2m, -1.6m). What is its
magnitude and direction at this point?

Point charges q1 and q2 of +12nC and -12nC,

respectively, are placed 0.10m apart (see figure).
This combination of two charges with equal
magnitude but opposite signs is a called an electric
dipole. Find the magnitude and direction of the
electric field at points a, b and c.

19
-> imaginary lines or curves that make up
the electric field vector

-> show the direction of E at each point

-> their spacing gives a general idea of the

magnitude of E at each point

Close together Far apart

Strong E Weak E

-> field lines do not intersect

20
21