DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

COMBINED FOOTING
• Combined footing is simply defined as footing supporting two or more columns.
• The function of a footing or a foundation is to transmit the load form the structure to the underlying soil. The
choice of suitable type of footing depends on the depth at which the bearing strata lies, the soil condition and
the type of superstructure.

CASES WHERE COMBINED FOOTING IS PRACTICAL:

1. When one column is close to a property line or sewer pipe with the result that a spread footing would be
eccentrically loaded.
2. When two columns are close together, causing overlap of adjacent isolated footings.
3. Where soil bearing capacity is low, causing overlap of adjacent isolated footings

TYPICAL TWO COLLUMN COMBINED FOOTINGS:

1. RECTANGULAR COMBINED FOOTING 2. TRAPEZOIDAL COMBINED FOOTING

3. T-SHAPED 4. STRAP FOOTING

STRAP

RECTANGULAR COMBINED FOOTING:

When to use a rectangular combined footing?
• Use a rectangular footing when the load of the INTERIOR COLUMN is GREATER THAN that of the exterior
column. (Exterior column is the column near the PROPERTY line.)

Exterior Interior
Column Column
Interior Exterior
𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑃𝐸𝑅𝑇𝑌 𝐿𝐼𝑁𝐸

𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑃𝐸𝑅𝑇𝑌 𝐿𝐼𝑁𝐸

Column Column

Property Line is on the left side Property Line is on the right side

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

Design limitations and assumptions:

1. A rigid design is assumed.
2. A uniform or planar soil pressure distribution is obtained beneath the footing is fairly rigid and the
underlying soil is soft so that sufficient soil creep and pressure development re-adjustment takes
place.
3. Uniform soil conditions in the footing zone
4. Neglect of contribution of superstructure rigidity.

PROBLEM: DESIGN OF A COMBINED FOOTING SUPPORTING ONE EXTERIOR AND ONE INTERIOR COLUMN
An exterior column (600mmx500mm) with DL = 810kN and LL = 780 kN and an interior column (600x600) with D = 1210
kN and 955 kN are to be supported by a combined rectangular footing whose outer end is 0.40m from the center of the
exterior column. The center to center distance between the columns is 5.5m and the allowable soil bearing pressure of
the soil is 280 kPa. The bottom of the footing is 1.80m below grade and a surcharge of 7kPa is specified on the surface.
Design the footing using fc’=28Mpa, fy = 415 MPa and 𝛾𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 18.50 kN/m3.

SOLUTION:
0.40m 5.50m

PDL=810 kN PDL=1210 kN
R=3755 kN
PLL=780 kN PLL=955 kN

Property line
𝑥̅

A. PROPORTIONING OF FOOTING
For the length: (The goal is that the resultant must fall on the centroid of a rectangle, which is 𝐿/2)
𝑃𝐸 = 810 + 780 = 1590𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝐼 = 1210 + 955 = 2165𝑘𝑁
𝑅 = 1590 + 2165 = 3755 𝑘𝑁
∑ 𝑀 @ 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 0
𝑃𝐸 (0.40) + 𝑃𝐼 (0.40 + 5.50) = 𝑅(𝑥̅ )
1590(0.40) + 2165(5.90) = 3755(𝑥̅ )
𝑥̅ = 3.5711𝑚
𝐿 = 2𝑥̅ = 3.5711(2) = 7.1422𝑚

𝑁𝑂𝑇𝐸: 𝐼𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑑𝑜 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐿

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐸𝑋𝐴𝐶𝑇𝐿𝑌 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑.
For the width:
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑛𝑜 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛
1 1
𝑞𝑁𝐸𝑇 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥 = 𝑞𝑎 − (𝛾𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 + 𝛾𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 )(𝐷𝑓 ) − 𝑞 = 280 − (23.60 + 18.50)(1.80) − 7 = 235.11 𝑘𝑃𝑎
2 2
3755
235.11 = ; 𝐵 = 2.2362𝑚
𝐵(7.1422)

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

𝑁𝑂𝑇𝐸: 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑓 𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑢𝑝, 𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦.

∴ 𝐵 = 2.30𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿 = 7.1422𝑚

B. STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF FOOTING:

𝑃𝑈𝐸 = 1.20𝐷𝐿 + 1.60𝐿𝐿 = 1.20(810) + 1.60(780) = 2220𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑈𝐼 = 1.20𝐷𝐿 + 1.60𝐿𝐿 = 1.20(1210) + 1.60(955) = 2980𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑈𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 2220 + 2980 = 5200 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑈𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 5200
𝑈𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜, 𝑈𝑅 = = = 1.3848
𝑃𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 3755
𝑃 3755
𝑞= = = 525.7483688 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝐿 7.1422
LOAD, SHEAR and MOMENT DIAGRAM:

𝑃𝐸 = 1590 𝑘𝑁 𝑃𝐼 = 2165 𝑘𝑁

𝑞 = 525.7483688 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

1511.910865
210.2990417

−653.0891346
−1379.700958
405.637053
42.05980834

−1768.290556

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

BEAM SHEAR:
The critical section is also at a distance “d” from the face of the column.

0.30 + 𝑑

Face of the column 0.30𝑚

1511.910865

𝑉𝐼

𝑉𝐸

−1379.700958 Face of the column

0.25𝑚 Shear at a distance “d”

0.25 + 𝑑 from the face of
Shear at a distance “d”
INTERIOR COLUMN
from the face of
EXTERIOR COLUMN
1379.700958 + 1511.910865
𝑆𝐿𝑂𝑃𝐸 =
5

𝑘𝑁
= 525.7476043 /𝑚
𝑚

𝑉𝐸 = 1379.700958 − 525.7476043(0.25 + 𝑑) = 1248.264057 − 525.7476043𝑑

𝑉𝐼 = 1511.910865 − 525.7476043(0.30 + 𝑑) = 1354.186584 − 525.7476043𝑑

∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 (𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒)

𝑉1 = 1354.186584 − 525.7476043𝑑
𝑉𝑈1 = 𝑈. 𝑅(𝑉1 ) = 1.3848(1354.186584 − 525.7476043𝑑)
𝑉𝑈1 = 1875.30499 − 728.0659234𝑑

1
𝑉𝐶1 = 𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 𝜙 √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑
6
1 ′
1
𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 𝜙 √𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑑 = 0.75 ( ) (√28)(1000)(2.30) = 1521.307004𝑑
6 6

𝑉𝑈1 = 𝑉𝐶1
1875.30499 − 728.0659234𝑑 = 1521.307004𝑑
𝑑 = 0.833701236𝑚

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

PUNCHING SHEAR:
For punching shear, the critical section is at a distance d/2 from the face of the column.

𝑃𝑈 2220 + 2980
𝑞𝑢 = = = 316.5509𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝐵𝐿 2.30(7.1422)

Check for the adequacy of 𝑑 = 0.833701236𝑚

𝑑
= 0.41685𝑚
2

INTERIOR COLUMN:

𝐴𝑜 = 1.4337(1.06685) = 1.5295𝑚2
𝑏𝑜 = 1.4337 + 2(1.06685) = 3.5674𝑚
𝑃𝑈𝐼 = 2220 𝑘𝑁
0.60 + 𝑑
= 1.4337𝑚 𝑉𝑈2 = 𝑃𝑈 − 𝑞𝑈 𝐴𝑜 = 2220 − 316.5509(1.5295)
𝑉𝑈2 = 1735.8354 𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝐶2 = 𝜙𝑉𝑛
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑉𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓:
2 1 1
(1 + ) ( √𝑓𝑐𝑏𝑜 𝑑) 𝑜𝑟 √𝑓𝑐𝑏𝑜 𝑑
𝛽 6 3
0.40 + 0.25 + 0.41685
2 1 2 1 1
= 1.06685𝑚 (1 + ) ( ) = (1 + ) ( ) = 0.2740 <
𝛽 6 7.1422/2.30 6 3
2 1
𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 0.75 (1 + ) ( ) (√28)(1000)(3.5674)(0.83370) = 3234.2092 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑈2 ∴ 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒‼!
7.1422 6
2.30

EXTERIOR COLUMN:
𝐴𝑜 = 1.4337(1.4337) = 2.0555𝑚2
𝑏𝑜 = 4(1.4337) = 5.7348𝑚
𝑃𝑈𝐸 = 2980 𝑘𝑁
0.60 + 𝑑
= 1.4337𝑚 𝑉𝑈2 = 𝑃𝑈 − 𝑞𝑈 𝐴𝑜 = 2980 − 316.5509(2.0555)
𝑉𝑈2 = 2329.3296 𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝐶2 = 𝜙𝑉𝑛

0.60 + 𝑑
= 1.4337𝑚
2 1
𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 0.75 (1 + ) ( ) (√28)(1000)(5.7348)(0.83370)
7.1422 6
2.30
= 5199.1766 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑈2 ∴ 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒‼!
𝑑 = 0.833701236𝑚

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

1
𝐷𝑐 = 833.701 + 75 + (25) = 921.201𝑚𝑚
2

𝑈𝑆𝐸 𝐷𝐶 = 950𝑚𝑚; 𝑑 = 862.50𝑚𝑚; 𝐷𝑆 = 0.85𝑚

Check q actual:
3755
𝑞𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = + 23.60(0.950) + 18.50(0.85) + 7 = 273.7312 𝑘𝑃𝑎 < 280 𝑘𝑃𝑎
(2.30)(7.1422)
∴ 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒‼!

∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟐. 𝟑𝟎𝒙𝟕. 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟐𝒙𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝒎 𝒇𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈

FLEXURE:
A. Longitudinal Bars (Top Bars) >> Negative Moment
𝑀𝑈 = 𝑀(𝑈. 𝑅) = (−1768.290556)(1.3848) = −2448.764552𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑏 = 2300𝑚𝑚; 𝑑 = 862.50𝑚𝑚

𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝜌𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑦 (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( ))
𝑓𝑐 ′
415
2448.764552 = 0.90𝜌(2300)(862.50)2 (415) (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( )) 10−6
28
−5588287.314𝜌 2 + 639052.6641𝜌 − 2448.764552 = 0
𝜌 = 0.003970
4
𝜌 = 0.005293
3
Check 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
√𝑓𝑐 ′ 1.40
?
4𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦
√28 1.40
?
4(415) 415
0.003188 < 0.003373
4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.003373 < 𝜌
3

∴ 𝜌 = 0.003970

𝐴𝑠 = 0.003970(2300)(862.50) = 7875.4875 𝑚𝑚2

7875.4875
𝑛= 𝜋 = 17 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(25)2
4

Check Clear Spacing:

2300 − 150 − 17(25) 4
𝑆𝐶 = = 107.8125𝑚𝑚 > 𝑑𝑏 ; > 25𝑚𝑚; > 𝑀𝑆𝐴
17 − 1 3
Check center to center spacing:
𝑆𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑐 = 107.8125 + 25 = 132.8125𝑚𝑚 < 450𝑚𝑚

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

B. Longitudinal Bars (Bottom Bars) >> Positive Moment

𝑃𝐸 = 1590 𝑘𝑁 𝑃𝐼 = 2165 𝑘𝑁

𝑞 = 525.7483688 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
1.5422𝑚
Do not use the maximum
positive moment from the
1.5422
𝑀 = 525.7483688(1.5422) ( ) = 625.2149235 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 moment diagram because
2 that is the moment at the
𝑀𝑈 = 𝑀(𝑈. 𝑅) = 625.2149235(1.3848) = 865.7976 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 center of column.
𝑏 = 2300𝑚𝑚; 𝑑 = 862.50𝑚𝑚 Just compute the moment @
the overhang considering it
𝑓𝑦 as a cantilever beam.
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝜌𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑦 (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( ))
𝑓𝑐 ′
415
865.7976 = 0.90𝜌(2300)(862.50)2 (415) (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( )) 10−6
28
−5588287.314𝜌 2 + 639052.6641𝜌 − 865.7976 = 0
𝜌 = 0.001371
4
𝜌 = 0.001828
3
Check 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.003373 > 𝜌
3

∴ 𝜌 = 0.003373

𝐴𝑠 = 0.003373(2300)(862.50) = 6691.18875 𝑚𝑚2

6691.18875
𝑛= 𝜋 = 14 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(25)2
4
Check Clear Spacing:
2300 − 150 − 14(25) 4
𝑆𝐶 = = 138.4615𝑚𝑚 > 𝑑𝑏 ; > 25𝑚𝑚; > 𝑀𝑆𝐴
14 − 1 3
Check center to center spacing:
𝑆𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑐 = 138.4615 + 25 = 163.4615𝑚𝑚 < 450𝑚𝑚

∴ 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝟏𝟕 𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝑫𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎 𝒕𝒐𝒑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟒 𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝑫𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎

𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

C. TRANSVERSE DIRECTION
• At a distance d/2 from the face of the column, provide 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝑠 = 862.50𝑚𝑚 − 25𝑚𝑚 = 837.50𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑠
= 418.75𝑚𝑚
2

2.30𝑚 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

418.75𝑚𝑚 418.75𝑚𝑚 418.75𝑚𝑚

1.06875𝑚 1.4375𝑚

C.1 At the external column:

𝑑𝑠 = 837.50𝑚𝑚; 𝑏 = 1068.75𝑚𝑚

𝑃𝑈𝐸 2220
0.85𝑚 𝑞𝑈𝐸 = = = 965.2174 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
0.85𝑚
2.30 2.30
2.30𝑚
0.85
𝑀𝑈𝐸 = (965.2174)(0.85) ( )
𝑘𝑁 2
𝑞𝑈𝐸 = 965.2174 = 348.6848 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑚

1.06875𝑚

𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝜌𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑦 (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( ))
𝑓𝑐 ′
415
348.6848 = 0.90𝜌(1068.75)(837.50)2 (415) (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( )) 10−6
28
−2448377.853𝜌 2 + 279986.0317𝜌 − 348.6848 = 0
𝜌 = 0.0012592
4
𝜌 = 0.0016789
3
Check 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.003373 > 𝜌
3
∴ 𝜌 = 0.003373
𝐴𝑠 = 0.003373(1068.75)(837.50) = 3019.0985𝑚𝑚2
3019.0985
𝑛= 𝜋 = 7 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(25)2
4

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

C.2 At the interior column

𝑑𝑠 = 837.50𝑚𝑚; 𝑏 = 1437.5𝑚𝑚

𝑃𝑈𝐼 2980
𝑞𝑈𝐼 = =
0.85𝑚 2.30 2.30
𝑘𝑁
2.30𝑚 0.85𝑚 = 1295.652174
𝑚

0.85
𝑀𝑈𝐼 = 1295.652174(0.85) ( )
2
𝑘𝑁 = 468.0543 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑞𝑈𝐼 = 1295.652174
𝑚

1.4375𝑚

𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝜌𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑦 (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( ))
𝑓𝑐 ′
415
468.0543 = 0.90𝜌(1437.5)(837.50)2 (415) (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( )) 10−6
28
−3293139.802𝜌 2 + 376589.3994𝜌 − 468.0543 = 0
𝜌 = 0.0012567
4
𝜌 = 0.0016756
3
Check 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.003373 > 𝜌
3
∴ 𝜌 = 0.003373
𝐴𝑠 = 0.003373(1437.5)(837.50) = 4060.775781 𝑚𝑚2
34060.775781
𝑛= 𝜋 = 8 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(25)2
4

∴ 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝟕 𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝑫𝟐𝟓 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅

𝟖 𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝑫𝟐𝟓 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

C.3 Outside column zones:

• Just compute the spacing, 𝑏 = 1000𝑚𝑚, 𝑑𝑠 = 837.50𝑚𝑚

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.003373

𝐴𝑠 = 0.003373(1000)(837.50) = 2824.8875𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
1000 ( ) (25)2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑠 = 4 = 173.7676𝑚𝑚 ≈ 170𝑚𝑚
2824.8875

∴ 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝑫𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅 @𝟏𝟕𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

PROBLEM:
Design an appropriate footing for the following conditions:
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒
0.40𝑚𝑥0.40𝑚
𝑃𝐷𝐿 = 400 𝑘𝑁 𝑃𝐷𝐿 = 350𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝐿𝐿 = 600 𝑘𝑁 𝑃𝐿𝐿 = 400𝑘𝑁
𝑓𝑐 ′ = 21 𝑀𝑃𝑎 0.40𝑚𝑥0.30𝑚
𝑓𝑦 = 415 𝑀𝑃𝑎 Distance b/n column =3.60m O.C

𝑞 = 5.50 𝑘𝑃𝑎

γsoil =15.85 kN/m3

qa =165 kPa
1.60𝑚

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

TRAPEZOIDAL COMBINED FOOTING:

When to use a trapezoidal combined footing?
• Use a trapezoidal footing when the load of the EXTERIOR COLUMN is GREATER THAN that of the interior column.
(Exterior column is the column near the PROPERTY line.)
Exterior Interior
Column Column Interior Exterior

𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑃𝐸𝑅𝑇𝑌 𝐿𝐼𝑁𝐸
Column Column
𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑃𝐸𝑅𝑇𝑌 𝐿𝐼𝑁𝐸

Property Line is on the right side

Property Line is on the left side

NOTE: The resultant of column loads must be located at the centroid of the footing.
Where is the centroid of a trapezoid?

𝐿
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝐿
𝐿 = 𝑠 + 𝑑 𝑒 + 𝑑𝑖

𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏:
𝑃
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 =
𝑏 𝑎 1
𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑 (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝐿)
2
2𝑃
𝑑𝑖 𝑎+𝑏 =
𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝐿

𝑥̅

𝑃𝐸 𝑃𝐼 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑
𝑅 𝑏 𝑎

𝑏−𝑎

𝑃𝐸 (𝑑𝑒 ) + 𝑃𝑖 (𝑠 + 𝑑𝑒 )
𝑥̅ =
𝑅

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

Varignon’s theorem:
1 𝐿 1 𝐿
(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝐿)(𝑥̅ ) = 𝑎𝐿 ( ) + (𝑏 − 𝑎)(𝐿) ( )
2 2 2 3
𝑎𝐿2 1 1
+( 𝑏− 𝑎) 𝐿2 𝐿2 (𝑎 − 1 𝑎 + 1 𝑏)
2 2(3) 2(3) 3 3
𝑥̅ = =
1 (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝐿
(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝐿)
2

𝐿(2𝑎 + 𝑏)
𝑥̅ =
3(𝑎 + 𝑏)

PROBLEM: DESIGN OF A TRAPEZOIDAL FOOTING SUPPORTING ONE EXTERIOR AND ONE INTERIOR COLUMN

An exterior column (600mmx600mm) with DL = 1210kN and LL =955 kN and an interior column (600x500) with D =
810kN and 780 kN are to be supported by a combined footing whose outer end is 0.40m from the center of the exterior
column. The center to center distance between the columns is 5.5m and the allowable soil bearing pressure of the soil is
280 kPa. The bottom of the footing is 1.80m below grade and a surcharge of 7kPa is specified on the surface. Design the
footing using fc’=28Mpa, fy = 415 MPa and 𝛾𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 18.50 kN/m3.

SOLUTION:
0.40m 5.50m 0.25m

PDL=1210 kN R=3755 kN PDL=810 kN

PLL=955 kN PLL=780 kN

Property line 𝑥̅

A. PROPORTIONING OF FOOTING
For the length:
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝐿 = 0.40 + 5.50 + 0.25 = 6.15𝑚

1 1
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥 = 𝑞𝑎 − (𝛾𝐶 + 𝛾𝑆 )(𝐷𝑓 ) − 𝑞 = 280 − (23.60 + 18.50)(1.80) − 7 = 235.11 𝑘𝑃𝑎
2 2

𝑃
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥 =
1
(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝐿
2
2(3755)
235.11 = ; 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 5.152015323𝑚
(𝑎 + 𝑏)(6.15)

𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 5.30𝑚
𝑃𝐸 = 1210 + 955 = 2165𝑘𝑁

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

𝑃𝐼 = 810 + 780 = 1590𝑘𝑁

𝑅 = 1590 + 2165 = 3755 𝑘𝑁
∑ 𝑀 @ 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 0
𝑃𝐸 (0.40) + 𝑃𝐼 (0.40 + 5.50) = 𝑅(𝑥̅ )
2165(0.40) + 1590(5.90) = 3755(𝑥̅ )
𝑥̅ = 2.7289𝑚

𝐿(2𝑎 + 𝑏)
𝑥̅ =
3(𝑎 + 𝑏)

6.15(2𝑎 + 𝑏)
2.7289 =
3(𝑎 + 𝑏)

6.15(𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑏)
2.7289 =
3(𝑎 + 𝑏)

6.15(𝑎 + 5.30)
2.7289 = ; 𝑎 = 1.7552𝑚
3(5.30)
𝑏 = 3.5448 𝑚

∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑎 = 1.7552𝑚, 𝑏 = 3.5448 𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿 = 6.15𝑚

B. STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF FOOTING:

𝑃𝑈𝐸 = 1.20𝐷𝐿 + 1.60𝐿𝐿 = 1.20(1210) + 1.60(955) = 2980𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑈𝐼 = 1.20𝐷𝐿 + 1.60𝐿𝐿 = 1.20(810) + 1.60(780) = 2220𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑈𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 2220 + 2980 = 5200 𝑘𝑁

𝑃𝑈 5200
𝑈. 𝑅 = = = 1.3848
𝑃 3755

𝑃 3755
𝑞= = = 230.4034361 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
1 1
𝐿(𝑎 + 𝑏) (6.15)(5.30)
2 2

𝑞𝑎 = 𝑞(𝑎) = 230.4034361 (1.7552) = 404.402 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑞𝑏 = 𝑞(𝑏) = 230.4034361 (3.5448) = 816.736 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

816.736 − 404.402 𝑘𝑁
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = = 67.04616719 /𝑚
6.15 𝑚

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

LOAD, SHEAR and MOMENT DIAGRAM:

𝑃𝐸 = 2165 𝑘𝑁 𝑃𝐼 = 1590 𝑘𝑁

𝑞𝑎 = 404.402 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑞𝑏 = 816.736 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
1486.804272

321.3307345

−103.1957281

1843.669265

64.62372647
12.81216632

2255.616768

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

𝑏𝑥 = 𝑎 + 𝑦
𝑦 𝑏−𝑎 𝑏−𝑎
= ; 𝑦= (𝐿 − 𝑥)
𝑎 𝐿−𝑥 𝐿 𝐿
𝑏
𝑏𝑥 𝑎 𝑏−𝑎
𝑏𝑥 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑎 − ( )𝑥
𝐿
𝑏−𝑎
𝑏−𝑎 𝑦 𝑏𝑥 = 𝑏 − ( )𝑥
𝐿

𝐿−𝑥 3.5448 − 1.7552

𝑏𝑥 = 3.5448 − ( )𝑥
𝐿 6.15

𝑏𝑥 = 3.5448 − 0.29099465𝑥
𝑥

2165 𝑘𝑁

𝑥 − 0.40

816.736 67.04616719𝑥

816.736𝑥 1
(67.04616719𝑥)(𝑥) = 33.52308359𝑥 2
2
1
𝑥
3

0.50𝑥

𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑉𝑋 = −33.52308359𝑥 2 + 816.736𝑥 − 2165

𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
1
𝑀𝑋 = (816.736𝑥)(0.50𝑥) − (33.52308359𝑥 2 ) ( 𝑥) − 2165(𝑥 − 0.40)
3
𝑀𝑋 = −11.1743612𝑥 3 + 408.3680349𝑥 2 − 2165𝑥 + 866

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

BEAM SHEAR:
The critical section is also at a distance “d” from the face of the column.

𝑥𝐼 = 5.65 − 𝑑

𝑥𝐸 = 0.70 + 𝑑

Face of the column

𝑉𝐼

𝑉𝐸
𝑑 Face of the column

Shear at a distance “d”

from the face of
INTERIOR COLUMN
𝑑
Shear at a distance “d”
from the face of
EXTERIOR COLUMN

𝑉𝑋 = −33.52308359𝑥 2 + 816.736𝑥 − 2165

@𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛: 𝑥 = 0.70 + 𝑑

𝑉𝐸 = −(−33.52308359(0.70 + 𝑑)2 + 816.736(0.70 + 𝑑) − 2165)

𝑉𝐸 = 33.52308359𝑑 2 − 769.8037528𝑑 + 1609.711062

𝑉𝑈𝐸 = 𝑈. 𝑅(𝑉𝐸 ) = 1.3848(33.52308359𝑑 2 − 769.8037528𝑑 + 1609.711062)

𝑉𝑈𝐸 = 46.42344466𝑑 2 − 1066.039817𝑑 + 2229.160459

1
𝑉𝐶1 = 𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 𝜙 ( ) 𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑥 𝑑
6
𝑏𝑥 = 3.5448 − 0.29099465𝑥
𝑏𝑥 = 3.341112293 − 0.29099465𝑑

1
𝑉𝐶1 = 𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 0.75 ( ) (1)(√28)(1000)(3.341112293 − 0.29099465𝑑)(𝑑)
6
= −196.3243664𝑑 2 + 2254.136819𝑑

𝑉𝑈𝐸 = 𝑉𝐶1
46.42344466𝑑 2 − 1066.039817𝑑 + 2229.160459 = −196.3243664𝑑 2 + 2254.136819𝑑
242.7478111𝑑 2 − 3320.176636𝑑 + 2229.160459 = 0

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

𝑑 = 0.708052459𝑚

@𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛: 𝑥 = 5.65 − 𝑑

𝑉𝐼 = −33.52308359(5.65 − 𝑑)2 + 816.736(5.65 − 𝑑) − 2165

𝑉𝐼 = −33.52308359𝑑 2 − 437.9252252𝑑 + 1379.418158

𝑉𝑈𝐼 = 𝑈. 𝑅(𝑉𝐼 ) = 1.3848(−33.52308359𝑑 2 − 437.9252252𝑑 + 1379.418158)

𝑉𝑈𝐼 = −46.42344466𝑑 2 − 606.4477153𝑑 + 1910.246185

1
𝑉𝐶1 = 𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 𝜙 ( ) 𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑥 𝑑
6
𝑏𝑥 = 3.5448 − 0.29099465𝑥
𝑏𝑥 = 1.900688777 + 0.29099465𝑑

1
𝑉𝐶1 = 𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 0.75 ( ) (1)(√28)(1000)(1.900688777 + 0.29099465𝑑)(𝑑)
6
= 196.3243664𝑑 2 + 1282.331205𝑑

𝑉𝑈𝐼 = 𝑉𝐶1
−46.42344466𝑑 2 − 606.4477153𝑑 + 1910.246185 = 196.3243664𝑑 2 + 1282.331205𝑑
242.7478111𝑑 2 + 1888.77892𝑑 − 1910.246185 = 0
𝑑 = 0.905895363𝑚

∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑
𝑑 = 0.905895363𝑚
PUNCHING SHEAR:
For punching shear, the critical section is at a distance d/2 from the face of the column.

𝑃𝑈 2980 + 2220
𝑞𝑢 = = = 319.0673416𝑘𝑃𝑎
1 1
(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝐿 (5.30)(6.15)
2 2

Check for the adequacy of 𝑑 = 0.905895363𝑚

𝑑
= 0.452947681𝑚
2
0.40 + 0.30 + 0.4530 = 1.153𝑚
EXTERIOR COLUMN:
𝑏𝑜 = 2(1.153) + 1.5059 = 3.8119𝑚
𝐴𝑜 = (1.5059)(1.153) = 1.7363𝑚2
𝑃𝑈𝐸 = 2980 𝑘𝑁 0.60 + 𝑑
𝑉𝑈2 = 𝑃𝑈𝐸 − 𝑞𝑢 𝐴𝑜 = 1.5059𝑚
𝑉𝑈2 = 2980 − 319.0673416(1.7363) = 2662.532209 𝑘𝑁

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

1 1
𝑉𝐶2 = 𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 𝜙 𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑 = 0.75 ( ) (1.0)(√28)(1000)(3.8119)(0.905895363) = 4568.000155 𝑘𝑁
3 3
𝑉𝐶2 > 𝑉𝑈2 ∴ 𝑆𝐴𝐹𝐸‼!

EXTERIOR COLUMN:

0.50 + 0.4530 = 0.953𝑚 𝑏𝑜 = 2(0.953) + 1.5059 = 3.4119𝑚

𝐴𝑜 = (0.953)(1.5059) = 1.4351𝑚2
𝑃𝑈𝐸 = 2220 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑈2 = 𝑃𝑈𝐸 − 𝑞𝑢 𝐴𝑜
0.60 + 𝑑 𝑉𝑈2 = 2220 − 319.0673416(1.4351) = 2024.522922 𝑘𝑁
= 1.5059𝑚

1 1
𝑉𝐶2 = 𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 𝜙 𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑 = 0.75 ( ) (1.0)(√28)(1000)(3.4119)(0.905895363) = 4088.645386 𝑘𝑁
3 3
𝑉𝐶2 > 𝑉𝑈2 ∴ 𝑆𝐴𝐹𝐸‼!

𝑑 = 0.905895363𝑚
1
𝐷𝑐 = 905.8954 + 75 + (25) = 993.3953628𝑚𝑚
2

𝑈𝑆𝐸 𝐷𝐶 = 1000𝑚𝑚; 𝑑 = 912.5𝑚𝑚; 𝐷𝑆 = 0.8𝑚

Check q actual:
3755
𝑞𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = + 23.60(1) + 18.50(0.80) + 7 = 275.8034361 𝑘𝑃𝑎 < 280 𝑘𝑃𝑎
1
(5.30)(6.15)
2
∴ 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒‼!

∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝒂 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓𝟓𝟐𝒎, 𝒃 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟒𝟒𝟖𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑳 = 𝟔. 𝟏𝟓𝒎

FLEXURE:
A. Longitudinal Bars
• For trapezoidal footing, provide only top bars in longitudinal direction because positive moments are not that
significant like the combined rectangular footing.
• Since a trapezoid doesn’t have a fix width, it is easier to provide bars in terms of spacing rather than computing
the number of bars necessary to reinforce the footing.

𝑃𝑂𝐼𝑁𝑇 𝑂𝐹 𝑍𝐸𝑅𝑂 𝑆𝐻𝐸𝐴𝑅:

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

𝑉𝑋 = −33.52308359𝑥 2 + 816.736𝑥 − 2165 = 0

𝑥 = 3.026841717𝑚

𝑀𝑋 = −11.1743612𝑥 3 + 408.3680349𝑥 2 − 2165𝑥 + 866

𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2255.616768 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

NOTE: It doesn't mean that the location of Mmax is where the most critical section is, take note that the width of the
footing is variable (it varies, not constant).
For example, at 𝑥 = 3.026841717𝑚:
𝑀 = 2255.616768 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚; 𝑀𝑈 = 3123.623754 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑏 = 𝑏𝑥 = 2664.014𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 912.50𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝜌𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑦 (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( ))
𝑓𝑐 ′

𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝜌 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 0.003903455

While at 𝑥 = 3.45𝑚:
𝑀 = 2201.509242 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚; 𝑀𝑈 = 3048.694557𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑏 = 𝑏𝑥 = 2540.877006𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 912.50𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝜌𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑦 (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( ))
𝑓𝑐 ′

𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝜌 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 0.003997869

As you can see, the steel ratio requirement for Mmax is lesser than the steel ratio requirement at x=3.45m. This proves
that the width of the footing affects the critical section. Therefore, the critical section for trapezoidal footing is at where
the ratio of M/b is maximum.

x Mx bx M/b
3.026842 2255.617 2.664014 846.6986
3.1 2253.979 2.642725 852.8994
3.15 2250.983 2.628175 856.4811
3.2 2246.473 2.613626 859.5235
3.25 2240.457 2.599076 862.0208
3.3 2232.945 2.584526 863.9669
3.35 2223.944 2.569976 865.3558
3.4 2213.463 2.555427 866.1812
3.45 2201.509 2.540877 866.4368
3.5 2188.092 2.526327 866.1159
3.55 2173.22 2.511778 865.212

𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥
= 𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 866𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 ≈ 870𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑚

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

𝑀𝑈 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 870(1.3848) = 1204.793609 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑏 = 1000𝑚𝑚; 𝑑 = 912.5𝑚𝑚

𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝜌𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑦 (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( ))
𝑓𝑐 ′
415
1204.793609 = 0.90𝜌(1000)(912.5)2 (415) (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( )) 10−6
28
−2719558.651𝜌 2 + 310997.1094𝜌 − 1204.793609 = 0
𝜌 = 0.004014931
4
𝜌 = 0.005353242
3
Check 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
√𝑓𝑐 ′ 1.40
?
4𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦
√28 1.40
?
4(415) 415
0.003188 < 0.003373
4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.003373 < 𝜌
3

∴ 𝜌 = 0.004014931

𝐴𝑠 = 0.004014931(1000)(912.5) = 3663.624739 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
(25)2 (1000)
𝑠= 4 = 133.9858438𝑚𝑚; 𝑠 ≈ 125𝑚𝑚
3663.624739

∴ 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝑫𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎 𝒕𝒐𝒑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒕 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎 𝑶𝑪 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

B. TRANSVERSE DIRECTION
• At a distance d/2 from the face of the column, provide 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝑠 = 912.50𝑚𝑚 − 25𝑚𝑚 = 887.5𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑠
= 443.75𝑚𝑚
2

0.44375𝑚 0.44375

3.2120𝑚
3.5448𝑚 2.0298𝑚 1.7552𝑚

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

1.14375𝑚 0.94375𝑚

C.1 At the external column:

1
𝑑𝑠 = 887.5𝑚𝑚; 𝑙 = (3.5448𝑚 + 3.2120𝑚) = 3.3784𝑚; 𝑏 = 1143.75𝑚
2

𝑃𝑈𝐸 2980
1.3892𝑚 𝑞𝑈𝐸 = =
1.3892𝑚
3.3784 3.3784
= 882.0744 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑙 = 3.3784𝑚

𝑘𝑁
1.3892
𝑞𝑈𝐸 = 965.2174 𝑀𝑈𝐸 = (882.0744 )(1.3892) ( )
𝑚 2
= 851.1458967𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

1.14375𝑚 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝜌𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑦 (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( ))
𝑓𝑐 ′
415
851.1458967 = 0.90𝜌(1143.75)(887.5)2 (415) (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( )) 10−6
28
−2942391.882𝜌 2 + 336479.3657𝜌 − 851.1458967 = 0
𝜌 = 0.002588139

4
𝜌 = 0.003450852
3
Check 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.003373 > 𝜌
3
∴ 𝜌 = 0.002588139
𝐴𝑠 = 0.002588139(1143.75)(887.5) = 2627.163385𝑚𝑚2
2627.163385
𝑛= 𝜋 = 6 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(25)2
4

C.2 At the interior column

1
𝑑𝑠 = 887.5𝑚𝑚; 𝑙 = (2.0298𝑚 + 1.7552𝑚) = 1.8925𝑚; 𝑏 = 943.75𝑚𝑚
2

𝑃𝑈𝐼 2220
0.6463𝑚 𝑞𝑈𝐼 = =
0.6463𝑚 1.8925 1.8925
𝑘𝑁
1.8925𝑚 = 1173.051519
𝑚

𝑘𝑁
0.6463
𝑞𝑈𝐼 = 1295.652174 𝑀𝑈𝐼 = 1173.051519(0.6463) ( )
𝑚 2
0.94375𝑚 = 244.9572047 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝜌𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑦 (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( ))
𝑓𝑐 ′
415
244.9572047 = 0.90𝜌(943.75)(887.5)2 (415) (1 − 0.59𝜌 ( )) 10−6
28
−2427875.269𝜌 2 + 277641.4438𝜌 − 244.9572047 = 0
𝜌 = 0.000889193
4
𝜌 = 0.001185591
3
Check 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.003373 > 𝜌
3
∴ 𝜌 = 0.003373
𝐴𝑠 = 0.003373(943.75)(887.5) = 2825.564759 𝑚𝑚2
2825.564759
𝑛= 𝜋 = 6 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(25)2
4

∴ 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝟔 𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝑫𝟐𝟓 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅

𝟔 𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝑫𝟐𝟓 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

C.3 Outside column zones:

• Just compute the spacing, 𝑏 = 1000𝑚𝑚, 𝑑𝑠 = 887.5𝑚𝑚
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.003373

𝐴𝑠 = 0.003373(1000)(887.50) = 2993.5375𝑚𝑚2

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

𝜋
1000 ( ) (25)2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑠 = 4 = 163.9779𝑚𝑚 ≈ 150𝑚𝑚
2993.5375

∴ 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝑫𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅 @𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

PROBLEM:
Design an appropriate footing for the following conditions:

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑃𝐷𝐿 = 350𝑘𝑁
0.40𝑚𝑥0.30𝑚 𝑃𝐷𝐿 = 400 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝐿𝐿 = 400𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝐿𝐿 = 600 𝑘𝑁
0.40𝑚𝑥0.40𝑚
𝑓𝑐 ′ = 21 𝑀𝑃𝑎 Distance b/n column =5.50m O.C
𝑓𝑦 = 415 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑞 = 3.50 𝑘𝑃𝑎

γsoil =15.85 kN/m3

qa =165 kPa
1.60𝑚

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO