Propulsion & BOG Handling Technology

Prepared by Cargo Master,

Benedict Song, Ph.D.
2019-08-31 Rev01
 INDEX

Chapter 1. Introduction

Chapter 2. MEGI + GMS CONFIGURATION

Chapter 3. XDF + GMS CONFIGURATION

Chapter 4. BOG HANDLING TECHNOLOGY

• LNGC Market Trend
• LNG Property
• Type of LNGC Propulsion system
• Innovation & of LNG Propulsion
LNGC Market Trend

Active Fleet: 499(by end of 2018) Order Book: 130+(by end of 2018)
 LNG Property

Range Standard
LNG Composition (Mol%) (Mol%)

Nitrogen(N2) 0.04 – 1.00 0.35

Methane(CH4) 86.70 – 90.40 88.0

Ethane(C2H8) 7.00 – 8.50 7.8

Propane(C3H6) 1.10 – 3.10 2.8

Butane(C4H10) 0.10 – 1.15 1.0

Pentanes and Heavier 0.007 – 0.10 0.05

 LNG Property
Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Nitrogen
Physical Properties
CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C5H12 N2

Molecular weight - 16.042 30.068 44.094 58.120 72.150 28.016

Boiling point at 1 bar absolute (0.1 MPaA) °C -161.5 -88.6 -42.5 -5 36.1 -196°C

Liquid density at boiling Point kg/m3 426.0 544.1 580.7 601.8 610.2 808.6

Vapour SG at 15 °C and 1 bar absolute (0.1 MPaA) - 0.554 1.046 1.540 2.07 2.49 0.97

Gas volume/liquid volume ratio at boiling point and 1

- 619 413 311 311 205 649
bar absolute (0.1 MPaA)

Flammable limits in air by volume % 5.3 to 14 3 to 12.5 2.1 to 9.5 2 to 9.5 3 to 12.4 NA

Auto-Ignition temperature °C 595 510 468 365/500 - -

Gross heating value at 15 °C Normal: 49,530 49,069

kJ/kg 55,559 51,916 50,367 -
Iso : 49,404 48,944

Vaporisation heat at boiling point kJ/kg 510.4 489.9 426.2 385.2 357.5 199.3
Temperature – Pressure Graph
-165 -160 -155 -150 -145 -140 -135 -130 -125 -120 -115 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65-60-55-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 25 50 75 100
60

50

40

30

20

Propane
2mol%Ethane PRESSURE
bar(absolute)
10
9
8
7
Methane Ethylene Ethane Propylene Propane
6

4
Butadrene
1.3
3
N. Butane

1
0.9
0.8
0.7

0.6
-165 -160 -155 -150 -145 -140 -135 -130 -125 -120 -115 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60-55 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 25 50 75 100

TEMPERATURE(0 C)
Propulsion System of LNG Carriers

~ 2006 ~ 2012 ~ 2018

Fuel Environment
Boiler + Steam Turbine Issue
Consumption

BOG Re-liquefaction
Operation
& +Slow Diesel
Maintenance Operation
Cost
DFDE Generator +
Electrical Motor
Boil Off Gas
Handling
MEGI engine
?
(2 stroke Diesel Cycle)
Crew Shipbuilding
Training Cost
XDF engine
?
(2 stroke otto Cycle)
Thermal efficiency of propulsion system
 Propulsion Type and Characteristics
Boiler + Steam Turbine DFDE + El Motor MEGI (2 stroke Diesel) XDF (2 stroke OTO)

Characteristic Boiler DFDE MEGI XDF

FG Pressure 0.7 ~1.0 barg 6 barg 300barg 15barg

FG Consumption
175 130 110 108
(tonnes/day)
Note: LNG fuel consumption figures In the table above are at designed service speeds. Source: HIS Markit
Conventional LNGC propulsion System
 World 1st LNGC Re-Liquefaction
 LNG Re-Liquefaction (N2 Compander)+ Slow Diesel
To GCU

+ 2 Stroke Diesel Engine

(Fuel ONLY)
DFDE Electrical Propulsion System

 DFDE is best solution for FSRU

From HD Comp./
Heater

CG408
GCU

CG451
CG406
No.3 LD Comp.
CG536
CG415

DFE (P)

CG534
In-line No.2 LD Comp. DFE (S)
CG586
Mixer CG405
Forcing Vaporiser

Mist To Regas
Sep. Recondenser
No.1 LD Comp. CG538
After Cooler

CG535

CG106
Vapour Main

Spray Main

No.1
Vent Mast

Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo

Tank 4 Tank 3 Tank 2 Tank 1
MAN B&W MEGI Diesel Cycle

Auto-ignition Temperature(‘C)
DIESEL 210
METHANE(CH4) 540
 WINGD X-DF Dual Fuel Design(OTTO Cycle)

The low-pressure X-DF technology concept

Low-pressure X-DF technology is based on the lean-burn
principle (Otto cycle), in which fuel and air are premixed and
burned at a relatively high air-to-fuel ratio – a concept already
used widely on medium-speed engines.
Such a concept on the X-DF engines provides the following
benefits:
- Low-pressure gas supply means maximum simplicity, low
investment costs and low power consumption
- Very small pilot fuel quantity, below 1% of total heat release
- X-DF engines can be operated on gas down to very low loads
- Low NOX emissions, close to zero SOX emissions, IMO Tier III

The X-DF principle with gas admission (left) compliant without exhaust-gas after-treatment
and ignition (right)
- Particulate matter emissions significantly reduced.
DIESEL Cycle vs OTTO Cycle
Propulsion
Innovation of LNGC Propulsion System

Boiler DFDE
+ + MEGI Engine
Steam Turbine Electric Motor 2-Stroke XDF Engine
(MAN B&W) 2-Stroke
(Win GD)
Waste

Steam Dump GCU

Innovation of LNGC

HP Fuel Pump
Cargo GMS

LD BOG(LD)
Compressor + FG Compressor
Compressor

(Re-Liquefaction) Re-Liquefaction FG Compressor

(PRS/FRS/C3-MR) Re-Liquefaction
(PRS/MRS/C3-MRl)
 MEGI / WINGD + BOG Control issue

HICOM

HIVAR

FRS

Low Fuel Consumption LOW BOR BOG Control

PRS
MRS

SUBCOOL

C3-MR
• MEGI Configuration
• MEGI + HICOM
• MEGI + HIVAR
• HICOM (Burchardt Compressor)
• HIVAR fuel pump
• GVT
MEGI(LNG to 2 Stroke Diesel Engine)

Fuel Gas
MEGI 2 Stroke Diesel Engine
HICOM & HIVAR for MEGI
MEGI + HICOM/HIVAR(CASE A)
MEGI + HICOM/HIVAR(CASE B)
PV-058
PV-028
PV-018 PV-038 PV-057
CG920
ME-GI GVT ME-GI Engine

CG965
5 Stage HP Compressor CG939
GCU GVU GCU
ESD

CG942
CG938
No.1 HP Pump DFG GVU DF Generator
ESD

HP Forcing

CG941
GW Exp.
Vaporiser Tank
No.1 GW Circ. Pump
No.2 HP Pump GW/Steam
Heater
CS962 No.2 GW Circ. Pump

CS906
CG986
CS905 FBOG
Mist. FBOG
LP Forcing Spray Pipe Spray Pipe Sepa. Heater
Vaporiser CG985
CL903

No.4 Cargo Tank No.3 Cargo Tank No.2 Cargo Tank No.1 Cargo Tank

Fuel Gas Pump Fuel Gas Pump

 MEGI Operation Mode
• Tank Pressure Control by NBO
HICOM Only
(Natural Boil Off) Gas
- SDF(Specified Dual Fuel) mode
- Cruise control
• Excessive BOG to FRS or GCU

Parallel Mode

HIVAR Only

• HIVAR  MEGI / HICOM  DFGEs

• FBO(Forced Boil-off Gas) made from LNG. • HIVAR & HICOM  MEGI / HICOM  DFGE
 HICOM (Burckhardt Compression)
 LABY-GI COMPRESSORS
HICOM (Burckhardt Compression)
Specification
Maker Burkhardt Compression

Model Vertical in-line reciprocating compressor (6LP190-5C_1)

Number of sets 1
Suction pressure 0.103 MPa A
Suction temperature -90 °C
Discharge pressure 30.6 MPa A
Discharge temperature 43 °C
Standard volume flow 4,880 Nm3/h
Inlet volume flow 3,233 m3/h
Shaft power (coupling) 1,190 kW
Electric motor rating 1,500 kW
Rotation speed 712 rpm
Electric Power Supply 6.6 kW / 60 Hz / 3Ph
BOG Compressor(Burckhardt Compression)
BOG High Pressure Compressing Process
 BOG Compressor(Burckhardt Compression)
Compressor Off

Pre-Start condition

- Cylinder Lubricating Pump

No Condition Step 4 Cyl. - Open discharge isolating
OK Lubricating valve
- Start Command to MCC-

- Cylinder lubricating pump

feedback- Cylinder And
Step 1 Ready for Ready for - Pre-Lubrication-
Start-Sequence Start-Sequence - Start Interlocks (SI)

Step 5 Main Motor Running - Main Motor Start Command to

RunStart And MCC
Command

- Start Oil pump / Stop space

heater- Open Bypass valve Main Motor Feedback And
- Close automatic vent valve
Step 2 Auto Start Utilities - Open Inlet Isolation valve
of compressor package
- Set suction valve unloaders 50%
Step 6 Main Motor Runinng Compressor
Running
Pre-Start And
Interlock (SI)

Start-Up
Delay
1
Step 3 Cylinder Lubrication Ready for Cyl.
Lubrication

Step 7 Controlled Operation - Main Motor Start Command to

MCC

RunStart And
Command

Compressor Run
HIVAR System
HIVAR – Fuel Pump
 HIVAR – Fuel Pump
HP Pump & Motor
Maker Cryostar S.A.S
Model & Type HPP3-65/90 & Reciprocating Pump
Number of Sets 2
Process Data
Fluid: LNG
Fluid temperature: -160 °C
Density (at fluid temp.): 0.5 kg/dm3
Suction pressure (max operating pressure): 0.8 MPaG
Suction pressure, design: 1.2 MPaG
Operating Data
Flow: 9.0 m3/h with SG=0.5, 4,500 kg/h
Max allow. discharge pressure: 31.5 MPaG
Discharge pressure, design: 37.0 MPaG
Shaft power: 64.0 kW
Pump speed: 230 min-1
NPSP, required (pump inlet): 1.5 to 2.5 m
Drive Data
Motor Size: 160 kW
Voltage, phase, frequency: 440 V/60 Hz/3-Phase
Motor speed: Variable speed
HIVAR – Vaporizer
HIVAR – Vaporizer
HP Vaporiser
Maker DongHwa Entec.
Type BEU
Number of Sets 1
Shell Side
Fluid: Glycol Water
Fluid Quantity: 20942 kg/hr
Design pressure: 10.0 bar(g)
Operating pressure: 8.0 bar(g)
Design temperature: 110 °C
Operating temperature(In/Out): 90/50 °C
Tube Side
Fluid: LNG
Fluid Quantity: 4740 kg/hr
Design pressure: 350.0 bar(g)
Operating pressure: 320.0 bar(g)
Design temperature(In/Out): -165/120 °C

Operating temperature(In/Out): -145/45 °C

Gas Valve Train GVT

• Supply gas to the ME-GI engine

• In case of normally shut down or emergency shutdown, to
stop the gas supply to engine and send gas from the pipe
systems and GVT_SL to the vent header
• Purging of the pipe system between the GVT_SL and ME-GI
• Purging of the pipe system between the GVT_SL and FGS
System
• Secure slow filling of pipes at twin engine operation
• XDF Configuration
• BOG Compressor
• BOG Control Mode
XDF Typical Configuration
No.1 Water
Rec. Cooler
LD Comp. No.1
No.1 Inter No.1 After GCU
Cooler Cooler

Mist
Sep.

OverPressure
Valves
No.2 Water
Rec. Cooler No.1 XDF
LD Comp. No.2
No.2 Inter No.2 After
Cooler Cooler No.2 XDF
Forcing Vap.

No.1 DFGE

No.2 DFGE

Free Flow Line No.3 DFGE

No.4 DFGE

Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo

Tank 4 Tank 3 Tank 2 Tank 1
 BOG Compressor(6 stage)

Performance data Unit 90 % CH4

Molecular weight Kg/kmol 17.24

Volume flow m3/h 4250

Mass flow kg/h 5000

Inlet pressure bar A 1.03

Outlet pressure bar A 17.00

Inlet temperature °C -90.0

Outlet temperature °C 45.0

Shaft speed rpm 29235

Shaft power kW 881

Coupling power kW 1049

BOG Compressor(6 stage)
FG COMPRESSOR
Specification
Maker KOBELCO
Model KS40STX
C-101A (No.2 FG Compressor)
Compressor Item No:
C-101B (No.1 FG Compressor)
Type Screw, electric motor driven
Number of Sets 2
Suction temperature at
-40 ~ 43
compressor (°C)
Design flow rate (kg/h) 4,550 8,000
Design inlet volume
6,607 6,957
(m3/h)
Discharge pressure
1.7 3.2
(MPaA)
Discharge temperature
43 ~ 32
(°C)
Pressure ratio 16.425
Total BHP (kW) 1,086 1,915
Speed (rpm) 3,550
Tank Pressure Control (SLNG Mode)
Pressure Setting Table in LNGC Mode Pressure Setting Table in SLNG Mode
Vapour Header Pressure Vapour Header Pressure
kPag kPag
25 Safety Vent Open (Local) 35 Safety Vent Open (Local)

23 Vent Valve Open (by IAS) (CG106) 33 Vent Valve Open (by IAS) (CG106)

22 Safety Valve Close (Local) 32 Safety Valve Close (Local)

21 Vent Valve Close (by IAS) 31 Vent Valve Close (by IAS)
PAHH LNG Vaporiser Trip PAHH LNG Vaporiser Trip
20 30
Forcing Vaporiser Trip Forcing Vaporiser Trip
PAH PAH
120.3 kPaA 19 GCU Start Request Alarm 130.3 kPaA 29 GCU Start Request Alarm

17 LNG Vaporiser Stop Request Alarm 27 LNG Vaporiser Stop Request Alarm

102.8 kPaA 15 126.3 kPaA 25

21
11
Ballast Ballast
Voyage Voyage

14

108.3 kPaA 7 108.3 kPaA 7

Laden Laden
Voyage 5 GCU Stop Request Alarm Voyage 5 GCU Stop Request Alarm

105.3 kPaA 4 LNG Vaporiser Start Request Alarm
X-DF Gas Flow Rate Limit Control (Optional)
(by IAS Cargo Tank Low Pressure Controller)
PAL
3 DFGE Sequenctial Changeover to MDO/LSMGO Mode
(5 Min Delay) (by IAS)
105.3 kPaA 4 LNG Vaporiser Start Request Alarm
X-DF Gas Flow Rate Limit Control (Optional)
(by IAS Cargo Tank Low Pressure Controller)
PAL
3 DFGE Sequenctial Changeover to MDO/LSMGO Mode
(5 Min Delay) (by IAS)

PALL PALL
2 All DFGE Changerover to MDO/LSMGO Mode 2 All DFGE Changerover to MDO/LSMGO Mode
(30sec. Delay)(by IAS) (30sec. Delay)(by IAS)
X-DF Gas Flow Rate Limit to Zero (by IAS) X-DF Gas Flow Rate Limit to Zero (by IAS)
(Optional) No.1/No.2 FGC Stop (Optional) No.1/No.2 FGC Stop
PAVL PAVL
0.3 By ESDS (GH018) 0.3 By ESDS (GH018)
0 0

-1 Vacuum Relief Valve Open (Local) -1 Vacuum Relief Valve Open (Local)
• PRS/FRS
• MRS
• C3MR
• ecoSMRT
MEGI + FRS(Full Reliequefaction System)
PRS/FRS(Partial/Full Re-liquefaction System)
FRS Heat Balance(DCHE/J-T Valve)
FRS Heat Balance
XDF + PRS(Partial Re-liquefaction System)
FG COMPRESSOR
Specification
Maker KOBELCO
Model KS40STX
C-101A (No.2 FG Compressor)
Compressor Item No:
C-101B (No.1 FG Compressor)
Type Screw, electric motor driven
Number of Sets 2
Suction temperature at
-40 ~ 43
compressor (°C)
Design flow rate (kg/h) 4,550 8,000
Design inlet volume
6,607 6,957
(m3/h)
Discharge pressure
1.7 3.2
(MPaA)
Discharge temperature
43 ~ 32
(°C)
Pressure ratio 16.425
Total BHP (kW) 1,086 1,915
Speed (rpm) 3,550
BOG BOOSTING COMPRESSOR

Specification
Maker: KOBELCO
Model KR50V-2
Reciprocating, electric motor
Type
driven
Number of Sets 1
Capacity 3,500 kg/h
Inlet temperature +43 °C
Inlet pressure 1.67 MPaA
Discharge pressure 15.1 MPaA
Discharge temperature 43 °C
Rated output 610 kW
Speed/No. of pole 440 rpm/16 pole
Power 6.6 kV, 60 Hz, 3 Phase
PRS(Partial Re-liquefaction System)
XDF + PRS/MRS
XDF + MRS(Methane Re-liquefaction System)
PRS/MRS Heat Balance
On-Shore LNG Plant Technology to LNGC
On-Shore LNG Plant Technology to LNGC
MR Compressor of Standard Oil-Injected type – Working Principle
 C3-MR Re-Liquefaction System
40PV1608

18 19
40LV1607

20 Economiser
Propane Propane
Condenser Skid Condenser

40PV1365

40PV1615
Propane Propane
Storage Tank Separator
40LV1605 23 15 16 17
24
25HV1001
From LD MR Comp. MR Comp.
Coalescer
Compressor Skid Aftercooler
25PV1005 1 28 27 7

26 25 8
BOG MR
2 Precooler Precooler 14

25PV1075 9
To Liquid Main
4 MR Expansion
Drum
BOG
Recondenser
MR
Vent Gas Separator
25TV1035 11
Separator 3
40LV1320
25TV1030

13 40PV1325 12
5 25LV1040
6
To Cargo Tanks
PFD Stream Number LNG in - Tank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Medium LNG BOG BOG LNG BOG LNG LNG/BOG MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR Propane Propane Propane Propane Propane Propane Propane Propane Propane Propane Propane
Vapour Fraction 0.000 1.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.040 1.000 1.000 0.000 0.269 0.000 0.064 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.000 0.274 1.000 0.000 0.149 0.000 0.000 0.694 0.626
Molecular Weight 16.6 17.9 17.9 17.9 25.3 17.9 17.9 40.0 -23.8 -43.0 43.0 23.8 23.8 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1
Temperature C 162.2 45.0 -10.0 -160.4 -160.3 -160.3 -163.9 10.0 -10.0 -10.0 -39.2 -160.4 -164.9 -14.0 -13.5 95.7 40.0 13.0 63.0 44.7 44.7 10.2 10.2 -13.0 -13.0 -13.0 -12.7 -12.7
Pressure bar 1.06 6.50 6.20 6.09 4.75 4.75 3.50 22 22 22 3 22 3 2 2 22 22 3 16 15 6 6 6 3 3 3 3 3
Mass Flow kg/h 3066 3066 3066 0.0 3066 3066 18230 13316 4914 4914 13316 13316 18230 18230 18230 18230 11029 15239 15239 15239 4173 11066 11066 12209 1202 12209 1202
Molar Flow kgmole/h 170.9 170.9 170.9 0.0 170.9 170.9 675 561 114 114 561 561 675 675 675 675 250 346 346 346 95 251 251 277 27 277 27
Mass Density kg/m3 436.15 4.45 5.17 467.88 14.08 467.62 136.19 25 27 527 22 568 99 3 3 21 25 7 31 459 459 14 515 43 546 546 10 11
Actual Volume Flow m3/h 237.08 689.10 592.80 6.55 0.00 6.56 22.51 718 489 9 219 23 134 5746 5886 975 718 1615 493 33 33 302 22 256 22 2 1225 109
Mass Enthalpy kj/kg -3481.4 -3589.3 -4280.8 -903.0 -4280.8 -4280.8 -1967.0 -2040.2 -2448.5 -2448.5 -2697.7 -2697.7 -2033.8 -2033.8 -1853.5 -1967.0 -2427.3 -2327.2 -2663.2 -2663.2 -2399.9 -2762.5 -2762.5 -2821.0 -2821.0 -2547.3 -2574.0
Viscosity cP 0.122 0.013 0.011 0.102 0.007 0.101 0.131 0.012 0.011 Empty Empty 0.255 Empty 0.010 0.010 0.014 0.012 0.007 0.010 0.082 Empty 0.008 0.115 Empty 0.145 0.145 Empty Empty
C3-MR Re-Liquefaction System
ecoSMRT(Bobcok;LGE)
ecoSMRT(Bobcok/LGE)
ecoSMRT(Bobcok/LGE)
ecoSMRT(Bobcok/LGE)
LNGC Warring State Period
Survive in the new era of LNG technology along with VMT