Background of the Study

Water has been vitally essential to human use and consumption but the world lacks a
good source of clean water especially in those developing countries. According to
water.org, 3.575 million people die each year due to water-related ailments. Since
turbidity reduction is the most precursor of all the methods of water purification, high
levels of turbidity can reduced in various ways. One way of reducing the turbidity id
through carbon filtering. Carbon filtering is a method where filters have different layers
of activated charcoal to remove contaminants, impurities, and harmful chemical
compounds. Each piece of carbon is designed to large section of surface area in order to
allow contaminants to have the most possible exposure to the filter media. This carbon is
generally activated with positively charged ions and is designed to attract negatively
charged contaminants. Activated carbon filters are the most effective at removing
chlorine, sediment, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from water. Accoding to
www.me.psu.edu, they are not effective at removing mineral, salts, and dissolved
inorganic compound.
Another way of reducing the turbidity of water is the process of coagulation and
flocculation. Coagulation is clumping together of fine particles into larger particles
caused by the use of coagulants forming microflocs which are not visible to naked eye.
On the other hand, flocculation is the process of increasing the particle size of microflocs
to become suspended particles. Coagulation and flocculation are widely applied in the
purification of water as well as sewage treatment, storm treatment, and treatment of othe
industrial wastes water streams because this technique can effectively clarify turbid water.
Many flocculants and coagulants commonly used in water industries are chemicals such
as alum and iron (III) chloride and under best conditions of pH and alkalinity, coagulation
and flocculation with alum and iron can achieve microbial reductions of less than 90-99%
for all classes of waterborne pathogens (Sproul, 1974)
Chemical coagulants and flocculants have been lomg proven to be the most effective
in water clarification (Gobena et. al., 2018). In contrast, using of these chemical
coagulants in water clarification requires wide skills of knowledge and skills to optimize
treatment conditions making it more complex to practice in households water treatment
and is considered to be more practiced in specialized central facilities by trained and
liscensed personnels. Furthermore, having these chemical coagulants such as alum and
ferric salts are limited to general public and are expensive to developing countries.
With this vision, researchers found alternatives of chemical coagulants and
flocculants. These alternatives are called natural coagulants and flocculants are mainly
coming from plants, seeds, and other organic matter that can easily be obtain in the
environment. Several studies have been conducted about coagulants derived from plant
materials, the moringa oliefera is one of the most effective coagulant for water treatment
and can be compared to the effectiveness of alum in the water clarification (Schwarz,
2000).
According to Chong & Kiew (2017), banana peels have exhibited coagulant
properties due to the presence of potassium and sodium. These elements are positively
charged which can attract and negatively charged impurities responsible for coagulation.
Consequently, musa sapientum peelings can be a substitute to moringa oliefera seed;
having which musa sapientum do have higher productivity rate to tropical countries such
as Philippines and can easily be obtain from the environment. In contrast, moringa
oliefera is very seasonal when it comes to bearing its seed pods thus making people to
wait for a matter of time.
Statement of the Problem

General Objective:

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of moringa oliefera seed and musa
sapientum peeling in turbidity redution of water.

Sub-Problems:

1. What is the turbidity of water before clarification which will be clarified by:

A. Moringa oliefera seeds

B. Musa Sapientum peelings

2. What is the turbidity of water after the treatment of 3 hours using:

A. Moring oliefera seeds

B. Musa sapientum peelings

3. What is the turbidity of the water before and after water clarification using:

A. Moringa oliefer seeds

B. Musa sapientum peelings

4. Is there a significant difference between turbidity reduction of water using:

A. Moringa oliefera seeds
B. Musa sapientum peelings

7. Which of the two is better in reduction of the turbidity in the water?

Hypothesis

Moringa olifera is better in reducing the turbidity of water regardless of the salinity
level introduced. There is a significant difference between moringa oliefera and musa
sapientum in terms of turbidity reduction.

Significance of the Study

Community. People in households may acquire the knowledge of a low-cost and
at the same time, more effective natural coagulant -flocculant in water clarification of
water that can turn turbid waters from seas, lakes, ponds, and streams into clearer ones.
Thus, poverty and complexity is not a hindrance to access of clean water sources, able to
reduce the pollution, and diminish in acquiring waterborne ailments.

Farmers. Farmers will have the potential source of income in growing horse
radish and banana. These may be sell it into the local markets at the same time they are
earning profit.

Water Treatment Facility. These facilities may convert to natural coagulant-

flocculant since alum and ferric salts are expensive and difficult to obtain. They may save
much money from obtaining these alternatives instead using those harmful chemical
coagulant-flocculant.

Environment. The natural coagulant can be safely disposed to the bodies of water and
can be an alternative food for aquatic life. In addition, water treatment facilities will have
their waste water chemically less thus, it can diminish water-related pollution. People
tend to plant more horse radish and banana since there is a potential demands for this
alternative natural coagulant-flocculant.

Researchers. The researcher may acquire new knowledge with this biological
innovation and encourage future researchers to empower this particular research study.
Moreover, this study is a catalyst of an infinite regress of improvement of the nature and
the society.

Future Researchers. Young innovators may improve this research study by

unlocking new key foundations of natural and eco-friendly water clarification method.

Scope and Delimitation

This study is focused mainly on the turbidity reduction property of moringa oliefera
seed and musa sapientum peeling as an alternative biological water coagulant-flocculant.

This research study will be conduted in Bankal National High School located at
Bankal, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu, Philippines. The study will be conducted in July 2019 to
October 2019. The two controlled set-ups were taken from a puddle of water from the
university’s drainage system and the salinated water was drawn from the shores near the
university. In addition, the set-ups were added the same amount of independent variables
limited to 25g into 500mL of turbid water with varying salinity levels. The set-up is
exposed with agent in the latency of 3 hours; recorded in 5 trials.

The study does not infer to actual disinfection of microorganisms but mainly in
turbidity reduction only. The set-up’s property was delimited to its pH value, microbial
concentration, viscosity, and fluidity . After the research study, the researchers may
identify on which is more effective on turbidity reduction.