2.

2 Mathcad

This Mathcad calculation determines the requirement for a buckle arrestor 

(BA) according to DNV-OS-F101, to find the collapse pressure and
propagation pressure in order to determine the minimum geometry for an
integral buckle arrestor for welded pipe.

2.2.1 References

1. DNV-OS-F101 "Submarine Pipeline

Pipeli ne Systems" August 2012.
(Section 5: Design - Limit state Criteria)

2.2.2
2.2.2 Desig
Desig n Consi deration s

To ease procurement of the BA, the design is based on UOE line pipe and a
normal material strength factor.

2.2.3
2.2.3 Input Data

Pipe Dimensions

Total Length of pipe L := 227.4km

Pipe Internal Diameter  ID := 721.2mm

Pipe Wall Thickness

Thickness tnom := 20.4mm

Pipe Outer Diameter  OD := ID + 2tnom

Minimum Length of one pipe Joint 12.3m

(Double random length)

Pipeline coating thickness tcoat := 4.2mm

Corrosion Allowance tcorr  := 1.5mm

Pipe material properties

Outer Pipe Yield Stress (SMYS) (API 5L X65) Y := 450MPa

Elastic Modulus E := 207000MPa

Poisson ratio  := 0.3

Temperature de-rating valve for yield stress f ytemp := 0MPa

kg
Density of Steel s := 7850
3
m

9
DNV-OS-F101 Desi gn f acto rs

Material strength factor for pipeline U := 1

Table 5-4
(supplementary requirement U)

Material strength factor for BA UBA := 1

material
Table 5-4
(supplementary requirement U

Fabrication factor for the Pipeline fab := 0.85

Table 5-5 (UOE)

Fabrication factor for BA fabBA := 0.85

Table 5-5 (UOE)

Pipeline safety class sc := 1.04

Table 5-3 (for other load cases)

 Arrestor safety class sc_arr  := 1.04

Table 5-3 (for other load c ases)

Material resistance factor (SLS / ULS / ALS) m := 1.15

Table 5-2
Environmental Characteristics

kg
Density of Seawater  sw := 1025
3
m
Maximum Design Water Depth h := 148.3m

Tidal Surge ht := 2.95m

Highest expected wave hw := 22.98m

General Desig n facto rs

kg
Content Density co := 0.0
3
m

Internal Pressure Pi := 0.0MPa

10
2.2.4 Calcul ation s

Manufact uring tol erances fr om DNV-OS-F101

(Table 7-17 & Table 7-18)

Construction method is 0 for welded pipe Construction Method:= 0

or 1 for seamless pipe . Sheet does not
cater for seamless

Type of weld ( 0 if HFW, EBW, LBW or MWP WeldType := 1

and 1 if SAW)

ttol_max := ( 0.4mm) if  WeldType = 0  tnom  6.0mm

( 0.7mm) if  WeldType = 0  6.0mm < tnom  15.0mm

( 1.0mm) if  WeldType = 0  15.0mm < tnom

( 0.5mm) if  WeldType = 1  tnom  6.0mm

( 0.7mm) if  WeldType = 1  6.0mm < tnom  10.0mm

( 1.0mm) if  WeldType = 1  10.0mm < tnom  20.0mm

( 1.5mm) if  WeldType = 1  20.0mm < tnom

ttol_max = 1.5  mm

ttol_min := ( 0.4mm) if  WeldType = 0  tnom  6.0mm

( 0.7mm) if  WeldType = 0  6.0mm < tnom  15.0mm

( 1.0mm) if  WeldType = 0  15.0mm < tnom

( 0.5mm) if  WeldType = 1  tnom  6.0mm

( 0.7mm) if  WeldType = 1  6.0mm < tnom  10.0mm

( 1.0mm) if  WeldType = 1  10.0mm < tnom

ttol_min = 1  mm

Maximum thickness due to tmax := tnom + ttol_max tmax = 21.9 mm

manufacturing tolerances

Minimum thickness due to tmin := tnom - ttol_min tmin = 19.4 mm

manufacturing tolerances

11
 (tmax - tmin)
Factor for determination of  tfab_fact := tfab_fact = 0.1225
fabrication tolerance based tnom
on pipeline wall thickness

Dtol := min ( 1.6mm , max( 0.5mm , 0.005  OD)) if  60.3mm  OD  610mm
( 1.6mm) if  610mm < OD  1422mm
Dtol = 1.6  mm

Maximum diameter due to ovality Dmax := OD + Dtol

Dmax = 763.6  mm

Minimum diameter due to ovality Dmin := OD - Dtol

Dmin = 760.4  mm

(Dmax - Dmin)
Ovality tolerance f o := f o = 0.0042
(Equation 5.14) OD

System co llapse Criterion

Table 5-6 (operation)

Pipe wall thickness t1 := tnom - tcorr - ttol_min t1 = 17.9 mm

Pipe wall thickness t2 := tnom - tcorr  t2 = 18.9 mm

The system collapse criterion is based on the pipe body material and shall
fulfill the following criteron:

( )
P c t1
External pressure check along the pe 
pipeline (Equation 5.10) m   sc

and the characteristics resisitance for collapse P c is given by the solution

(Equation 5.11) :

Do
(Pc ( t) - Pel ( t))  (Pc (t) 2
- Pp (t)
2
) = Pc (t) Pel (t) Pp (t)  f o t
1

12
Where,
3
  t1  
2 E
Elastic collapse pressure Pel :=
 OD 
2
(Equation 5.12) 1-

Pel = 5.9  MPa

Characteristics yield stress

(Equation 5.4)
(
f y := Y - f ytemp  U )
f y = 450  MPa

  t1  
Plastic collapse pressure Pp := 2  f y  fab
(Equation 5.13)  OD 
Pp = 17.97  MPa

The analytical solution for P c as defined in b

Pc = y -
DNV-OS-F101 3
(Equation 13.13)

6
Where, b := -Pel b = -5.897  10 Pa

  2
c := - Pp + P p  Pel  f o 
OD 
c = -3.419  10
14
Pa
2

  t1  
2 21 3
d := Pel  Pp d = 1.904  10 Pa

    b + c 
1 -1 2 14 2
u := u = -1.178  10 Pa
3   3  

    b  c + d 
1 2 3 1 20 3
v := b - v = 6.086  10 Pa
2  27 3  

 := acos
 -v   = 118  deg
 (-u) 3

y := -2  -u  cos
  + 60     y = 3.6  MPa
 3 180 

13
 b
Characteristics resisitance against collapse Pc := y -
3

Pc = 5.5  MPa

Maximum water depth htot := h + ht + hw

htot = 174.23m

Hydrostatic Pressure Pe := sw  g  htot

Pe = 1.75  MPa

Collapse Pressure Check

This is to confirm the characteristic resisitance against external
over-pressure.
(Equation 5.10)

Collapse := "Pipeline collapse initiated" if  Pe  P c

"Pipeline collapse prevented" otherwise

Collapse = "Pipeline collapse prevented"

Buckle Propagation Check

This buckle propagation check is to determine if the pipeline will buckle

under external pressure.
(Equation 5.15)
2.5
  t2  
Propagation pressure in the pipeline Ppr := 35  f y  fab 
(Equation 5.16)  OD 
Ppr  = 1.3  MPa

Pcheck := "Propagating buckle initiated" if  Pe  Ppr 

"Propagating buckle prevented" otherwise

Pcheck = "Propagating buckle initiated"

Minimum Cross over pressure Px := Pe  1.1  m   sc

(Equation 5.17)

Px = 2.3  MPa

14
Buckle Arrestor Design

Thickness for arrestor length equal to one pipe joint

Length of BA considered in the design LBA := 12.3m

(Pipe joint length)

Guess value tarr  := t1

(Wall thickness of pipe and arrestor)

Given
(Equation 5.18)

  ( tarr LBA) 
- 20
  tarr  
2.5  2
(ID+2 t arr ) 
Px = Ppr + 35  f y  fab  - Ppr   1 - e 
 (
 ID + 2  tarr  ) 

tarr  := Find (t ) + t
1 arr  corr 

Wall thickness of pipe and arrestor  tarr   =

1 25.5mm

Thickness for arrestor length equal to o ne pipeline diameter 

Length of BA considered in the design LBA1 := OD

Guess value tarr  := t1

(Wall thickness of pipe and arrestor) 2

Given
(Equation 5.18)

  tarr   LBA1
2

 2.5   - 20 2
 tarr 2  ID+ 2 t arr 
Ppr   1 - e 
2
Px = Ppr + 35  f y  fab  -
 
  ( ID + 2  tarr  )
2  

Wall thickness of pipe and arrestor  tarr  := Find ( tarr  ) + t

3 2 corr 

tarr 
3 = 29.5mm

15
2.2.5 RESULTS

Collapse = "Pipeline collapse prevented"

Pcheck = "Propagating buckle initiated"

 ArrestorsRequired = "Yes"

 Arres tor Desi gn

For a buckle arrestor of one pipe joint long, the LBA = 12.3m
required wall thickness is:
tarr  = 25.5 mm
1

For a buckle arrestor of one OD long, the required LBA1 = 762  mm

wall thickness is:
tarr  = 29.5 mm
3

16