BACHELOR OF PSYCHOLOGY WITH HONOURS (BPSY)

ABPC2103
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
SEPTEMBER 2019

STUDENT NAME : SIVAKUMAR A/L MUNIANDY

MATRICULATION NUMBER : 9921205086255001
NRIC NUMBER : 921205-08-6255
PHONE NUMBER : 010-9201726
EMAIL : sivakumar.sk183@gmail.com
TUTOR NAME : DR. NOOR HASSLINE MOHAMED

LEARNING CENTER : PP TERENGGANU

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENTS PAGE
QUESTION NO. 2
1.0 INTRODUCTION 3-4
2.0 ANALYSE CAUSES OF OCD 4-5
3.0 FIVE KEY SYMPTOMS OF OCD 5-6
4.0 SPECIFIC PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH THAT COULD 6-9
USED TO TREAT OCD

5.0 CONCLUSION 9
QUESTION NO. 2
1.0 INTRODUCTION 10
2.0 DISCUSSION AND SELF-REFLECTION FOR FOBIA 10-11
3.0 SELF-OVERCOMING PHOBIA 11
4.0 CONCLUSION 11-12
5.0 REFERENCE 12-13

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 QUESTION NO. 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Something common to all people to make a re-examination or time and again before
stepping out of the residence. Either ensure the fan switch is off or the television switch is
shut down. However it's miles a terrible factor whilst it will become an obsession. Sickness or
OCD is an anxiety ailment that causes doubt of severe discomfort. These patients are
regularly endorsed non-stop and repetitive mind and pictures that aren't vital. It's miles
increasingly more growing variety of these OCD sufferers. Intense cases can motive
someone's private lifestyles changed extensively. It must be controlled every so often to
prevent that quantity continues to rise. It is not handiest a problem in Malaysia but at some
stage in the sector.

For instance inside the U.S.A. OCD sufferers factor ratio of 50: 1. The word
"compulsive-disorder" into the vocabulary of English, it is used informally or inside the
shape of artwork caricature portrait of someone who is usually careful, perfectionist, tied to a
person or issue and thorough in looking for something that takes place. This is characteristic
of someone stricken by OCD. However there also are people who have the traits of OCD
sufferers however this isn't always feasible, she suffers from Obsessive-Compulsive character
disorder (OCPD), it's miles a ailment of autism materials (Mayo hospital workforce, 2013;
MedicineNet.Com, 2013).

Recognize what is meant through Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OCD), it is an

anxiety sickness characterized by undesirable mind and repetitive, ritualistic behavior which
felt pressured to execute a behavior. Sometimes the individual is aware of them having signs
of OCD however changed into not able to chorus from doing the conduct or break out.

Obsession is an idea that does not manifest voluntarily, pix or impulses that occur
over and over again in a single's thoughts. It is now not like the concept came however it
become unstoppable. This obsessive mind will disrupt a person's lifestyles. Obsessive mind
are passionate about the format, stability, order and frequency. Concerned approximately the
mission being achieved and one isn't always best. Fears over to sin, germs, and safety of own
family participants and friends. Disgusted or amused by way of the waste and fluids inclusive
of sweat your self.

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 Compulsive behaviors are or ritual that appeared driven by some thing to act
repeatedly. It was accomplished to make the obsession disappeared. The cause of OCD takes
place is the shortage of a chemical in the mind referred to as serotonin, serotonin play a
function to help human beings from repeating the same act. This persona is characterized as
an person who suggests to perfection and inflexibility curiosity closer to patterns of concept
and action that can not be managed (Baharom & Iliyas Hashim, 2010; MMHA, 2013) .

Compulsive ailment treatment is cleaning up repeatedly is like brushing your enamel,

washing your fingers or wash your face due to the fact they suppose it's grimy. Investigate the
door latch, kitchen appliances or electric device repeatedly to ensure it is in accurate
circumstance. Constantly ensure the format in perfect condition like arranging the folds of
fabric in a neat uncluttered. Sesutau calculate numbers with repeated with out feeling worn-
out or fatigued.

Storing goods unused like newspapers, bins of meals or clothes that had long gone
horrific. OCD are categorised into obsession doubts or concerns continued, ideological
obsession with memory within the occasion of a persevering with obsession with the impulse
of the decision to action to do something, obsession worry the fear of making mistakes or
errors, obsession image where shadow pics show an ongoing foundation and not amusing,
generate compulsive actions which have been proposed by means of the last mind and
compulsive control of manipulate brains (MedicineNet.Com, 2013).

2.0 ANALYSE CAUSES OF OCD

Many elements influence a person to get OCD which include genetics, organic,
personality, beyond stories and conflicts. For example any inner war can reason pressure or
strain will reason a person to have symptoms of OCD. Therefore a man or woman need to
have self-recognition to keep away from these signs and symptoms in himself. It is not best
inconvenient himself however those around him (MMHA, 2013; Mayo clinic workforce,
2013). Right here are a number of the factors that motive this disease.

2.1 Biological Factors

The brain is one in every of a very complex shape. The brain incorporates the relation
Seurin so the frame can function properly. Neurons speak via electrical alerts. These neurons
are vital to talk and paintings collectively so that the human body can function generally.
Chemical compounds within the brain referred to as neurotransmitters, assist pass the

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messages from neuron to neuron. Loss of the neurotransmitter serotonin is one of the causes
of OCD. The take a look at also confirmed no hyperlink between OCD severely inflamed
with streptococcus micro organism. If left untreated will lead to the incidence of OCD and
different problems.

2.2 Genetic

Issues obsessive-compulsive ailment can be passed all the way down to the following
era. Circle of relatives individuals who have a history of issues are possibly at chance. That is
due to the fact there is proof that an imbalance of serotonin can be passed on from parents to
their youngsters.

2.3 Past experience

Past revel in is likewise one of the reasons that motive obsessive compulsive disorder.
That is because it has a close courting with frustration or tension before. A few of the
environmental elements which could cause OCD worse is the abuse and the lack of cherished
ones.

2.4 Conflict

Those who suffer from this disorder typically come upon internal conflict that is
precipitated from any of life's troubles. For instance, the relationship between husband and
spouse, troubles at paintings, self-confidence, divine or some thing that might purpose a
conflict in themselves. But, this struggle can't be resolved in a nice way or a right reason they
sense stressed by using the war.

3.0 FIVE KEY SYMPTOMS OF OCD

In accordance Wardayati (2013), OCD is a sickness characterised by way of poor

thoughts that make people feel tension, worry and worry. Therefore, to cast off the anxiety,
OCD patients are obsessive overdose on something. Here are signs that may be visible in
humans with obsessive compulsive disorder consistent with Wardayati:

3.1 Too clean

Not only wash your hands, all matters relating to hygiene, such as washing dishes,
clothes or cleaning the house is also a food for thought to people with OCD. As a result they
will spend hours and hours to clean it all up.

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3.2 Calculating

OCD sufferers frequently will calculate the sample of each day sports, such as the
quantity of steps. Those conduct are driven by self belief, such should they remember the
variety seven, they'll have correct success.

3.3 Arranged

The whole thing need to be organized neat, tidy by means of number, shade or form.
If scattering, the OCD sufferers will sense anxious and frightened. With it, they will come
returned until they're happy.

3.4 Fear of being hurt

All people will be afraid and involved if some thing terrible occurs to them. However
sufferers of OCD is working difficult to get rid of the ones mind from their minds than
ordinary human beings.

3.5 Personal Appearances

Frame dysmorphic disease (BDD) is likewise associated with OCD. Human beings
with BDD often see themselves now not best appearance. However in contrast to the case of
food regimen, people with BDD do no longer attention on a strict weight loss plan.

4.0 SPECIFIC PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH THAT COULD USED TO

TREAT OCD

OCD remedy strategies are divided into two, particularly via clinical or medical-
ingesting tablets such as clomipramine, fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine and fluxomamine.
One technique of remedy is the Cognitive-Behavioral therapy (CBT) arises from the mixture
of numerous methods. It's far a psychotherapeutic technique to clear up the hassle of
emotional misery, fear from despair. It is the best technique to deal with internal conflicts that
plagued the man or woman.

Behavioral remedy technique is also called publicity and response prevention "is
effective for OCD patients. Sufferers who knowingly and voluntarily face the feared item,
both directly or imagination (Blood 2010; Mayo health facility personnel, 2013). CBT is
primarily based on the idea, mainly inside the case of depression, namely that the emotional
distress of irregularities happened in questioning. Restoration the emotional nation may be

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accomplished while there is a trade inside the styles of questioning in the remedy technique.
Similarly, at the sufferer's maladaptive thinking and behavior issues.

When can apprehend and trade those styles with the wish to make adjustments to their
way of thinking and being capable of manage the signs of the ailment arise. Its miles
orientated at the problems solved and treatments which might be based totally on modern-day
conditions. It seemed as OCD sufferers who decide essential problems or dreams a good way
to be dispensed at some point of the healing procedure.

In CBT the main objective is to broaden a bad or dangerous thoughts, dialogue with
himself (inner) and interpretations of the matters that pass. Terrible mind will mechanically
seem and take vicinity within the unconscious. Gather all of the evidence available to
research the historical past of OCD sufferers whether or not they support or oppose the
information. As a consequence, remedy can be performed properly and managed to organize
experimental design to check the reliability (Mayo health facility team of workers, 2013).

The cognitive component of CBT is to exchange your way of thinking, beliefs,

assumptions, imagination and mindset to discover and change the errors. Behavioral aspect
also change unsuitable dating between an issue with familiarity react when the trouble befell
before, educated change behavior, relaxing the thoughts and frame so relaxed and in properly
condition and may assume maturely.

It commenced with experiments conducted within the laboratories of psychology.

This approach is taken into consideration to be the handiest for treating sufferers with OCD.
It's far divided into 3 levels, namely the classical systematic desensitization first, second,
third and cognitive flooded stream exposure and response Prevention (ERP). Classic
Desensitiasi systematically used to lessen tension by giving education to calm down or rest of
OCD sufferers will be taught the way to produce relaxation as a way to result in consolation
themselves.

Adding a stimulus that increases tensions that sufferers interested by building a

hierarchy stimulation tiers, from worry to worry a touch intense. Brief for imaging wherein
the patient might be taken to reflect the imagery of the minimal stimulus in the hierarchy and
simultaneously also ease muscle training is performed. Repeat the exercising continuously so
that the implementation of all hierarchies may be reduced and finally disappears.

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 What came about conditioned response may be capable of chill out. The second
technique is to flood the cognitive drift, the principle of the conditioned stimulus used.
Patients hold the thoughts in a nation that did now not please himself of wondering
obsessively. Thoughts stays a daunting feeling that the sufferers themselves can identify
answers why the worry arose (OCD center, 2016).

The third method is Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), exposure is revealing
involvement at once / in a roundabout way to the item or situation that poses a nerve-racking
state of affairs. Reaction refers back to the routine treatment of conduct. On this treatment,
OCD patients are forced to go through the tension and worry of thinking obsessifnya by using
now not behaving as standard whilst coping with the situation. Patients had been guided to
chorus from acts of compulsive conduct so that it can manage the situation in degrees,
particularly via lowering the frequency of treatment compulsive ailment (OCD middle, 2016;
Yatimah & Mohd Tajuddin, 2011).

Further to CBT, the following strategies are used collectively for the treatment of
OCD. Medications are once in a while used together with CBT remedy for the remedy of
obsessive-compulsive sickness because medicines on my own is seldom powerful in relieving
the signs of OCD. Own family remedy is also used for OCD regularly reason troubles in
family life and social adjustment, own family remedy is supportive therapy. Inspire circle of
relatives therapy for OCD apprehend the disorder and it can assist to lessen circle of
relative’s conflicts. It also can motivate family individuals and teach them the way to help
their loved ones. Institution remedy is a technique this is beneficial for treating OCD.

Through interaction with colleagues who be afflicted by OCD, they could share their
situation. Institution therapy offers assist and encouragement and reduce feeling remoted
from society in fashionable and households specially. How individuals react to OCD
symptoms faced with the aid of friends or own family have a big effect. Negative remarks or
complaint will make human beings with OCD receives worse and tougher to treat. A haven of
calm and help them can assist the healing system.

Avoid making personal complaint, because it is not the signs they face their man or
woman flaws. OCD patients do now not scold or tell them to forestall appearing rituals
because they can't comply. All of the pressure will worsen the situation. Do now not play at
the side of folks that are patients with OCD ritual. Assist with the ritual will handiest support
their conduct. Guide them however now not their rituals.

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 To make sure a wonderful and clear communication. Communique is important to be
able to achieve a balance among providing assist and continually with them until the signs of
OCD is not disrupt their lives. Create instances of humor with them, incorporating the
elements of humor and lets in them snort together. Ensure the comic story was no longer
patronizing them or exclude them however to cause them to feel valued (PsychGuides.Com,
2016; Mayo clinic workforce, 2013).

5.0 CONCLUSION

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) can be described as a sense of doubt that goes
past normal human limits and it is also classified as a mental infection. Every character has
OCD whether or not they realize it or not. It occurs to own family individuals or friends
around us. Most effective it is at light-weight or small to the extent of more excessive or
important.

Therefore if discovered to have signs associated have to seek remedy at once both by
means of ingesting pills or Cognitive-Behavioral therapy (CBT). If it is left will become extra
extreme and hard to deal with. Therefore all and sundry have to have a greater consciousness
of OCD to make certain that it may be averted or managed in order no longer to complicate
existence. To make sure lifestyles extra cheerful and glad person will need each different to
get a happier lifestyles. By adopting a healthy lifestyle and nice thinking can keep away from
one of the signs of OCD.

Individuals ought to attention on ethical and moral values in society in popular and
households specifically. Absolutely everyone has a perception in faith, consequently always
exercise the lessons they have got discovered and improve practices which might be required.
Nowdays is hard existing era will positioned stress on people promise to surrender and think
negatively. Every person desires to compete to meet the needs and desires in lifestyles.

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 QUESTION NO. 2

1.0 INTRODUCTION

People own herbal restlessness in each aspect of lifestyles within the care of that
specialize in components of personalised, own family, society and the nation even on the
stage of globalization. With this internally and human feelings that generally tend to stressed
and agitated nature or concern. It consequently, if the character of the failure is managed and
managed well it will have poor implications that inhibits someone's potential to grow
according with the modern situation.

Hence in a sure period of hysteria or restlessness that intrude with the development of
constant lengthy-lasting danger someone then it is geared closer to a one of a kind purpose,
better known as "phobia". Phobias are categorized as a mental illness beneath anxiety
disease. Phobia is not a big class of intellectual contamination but its interesting and interest.

In step with Kamus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka fourth edition (2005), the fear may be
defined as an apprehension to something. A phobia is a sort of intellectual contamination
associated with psychology. Phobia is generally expose emotional severe worry with out an
obvious motive and irrationality.

2.0 DISCUSSION AND SELF-REFLECTION FOR FOBIA

I was a phobia of blood, better referred to as homophobia. Whenever I see the blood,
i'm able to start to experience palpitations, anxiety, sweating and every now and then until I
vomited and fainted. I recognise this phobia on the age of 9 years once I fell even as playing
football and my knee wound and bleeding. At that moment I felt very flutter, anxiety and
ultimately I fainted.

Since then, i have discovered that I cannot see blood even in TV shows, drama and so
on. This phobia gave me problems in normal life. I so became afraid to visit hospitals and
clinics. I am just going to the sanatorium if the pain may be very intense. And that by paying
attention to the sound of the maximum powerful makes use of "earphones" so i will forget
about about the blood. If you disagree with a patient who turned into cut and bleeding, i can
fast flow into and locate extra space.

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 I sense this phobia is very annoying my each day life. Coupled with my work
nowadays that from time to time contain blood. Consequently, i have completed a few
research and studying about a way to reduce this phobia.

3.0 SELF-OVERCOMING PHOBIA

According to Alan Manevitz, one of the handiest ways to overcome this phobia is to
anticipate the blood changed into ordinary. This can lessen the sense of phobia. Contact me, I
locate blood related videos, and ventured to observe.

At the start, I began to sweat on the forehead, coronary heart pounding and
commenced to experience dizzy. However I right away set the breathing and calm. I hold
repeating in my head that it's ordinary, just a red liquid, crimson just like the color of
garments and curtains of the house. I started out to have peace and can cognizance for 5
minutes. Most effective a small residing palpitations. For the first time attempted, I simply
watched the video within the final 5 mins.

At the next consultation, I attempted for a period of 15 minutes. And it correctly with
out palpitations that exists in my heart. I know this method become correctly cast off me from
blood phobia. However, I ought to make one more to make certain that I definitely had been
free from this phobia. For that, I had to enter the clinic ward and at random. Seeing sufferers
who bleed in their limbs in reality. At the beginning I felt a little bedebar and then i used to
be able to chill out. Eventually, I managed to completely triumph over my phobia.

4.0 CONCLUSION

A phobia is an immoderate fear of some thing or phenomenon. Phobias may be said,

can inhibit the lives of these who have it. For a few humans, worry a phobia sufferers are
hard to recognize. That is why human beings are frequently made month-to-month through
the friends around him.

Below everyday situations all and sundry has the potential to control worry. But when
a person is uncovered to non-stop with the problem phobia, it has the ability to result in
fixation. Fixation is an intellectual condition in which a person becomes locked, that's due to
the incapacity of the person worried in controlling his worry. Some other motive of the
incidence of fixation can be caused by a very intense conditions including trauma suffered in
a bombing, caught elevators and so forth.

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 But phobia is an intellectual illness isn't critical if the sufferer can overcome this
phobia without delay. The terror sufferers need to be seeking suitable guide from the public.

(3,301 Words)

5.0 REFERENCE

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Retrieved 22 Oktober 2019, from Malaysian Mental Health Association Web site:
http://mmha.org.my/obsesif-kompulsif-ocd/

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