MEDICAL NOTES: - MYOCARDIUM (the heart itself, which

contracts)
3 MOST IMPORTANT ORGANS OF THE HUMAN BODY: - THE 2 ATRIA
1. BRAIN - THE 2 VENTRICLES
2. HEART - CONDUCTION SYSTEM
3. LUNGS - The MAIN job of pumping blood is in
VENTRICLES
BRAIN:
NOTE:
- This organ is EXTREMELY vulnerable without
OXYGEN, irreversible damage in it occurs - Even with non-functional atria a person
can live
within 5-7 minutes
- RESPIRATORY CENTER
- Gives commands to inhale and exhale and
stopes when the brain begins to lack oxygen.
- In the absence of a patient’s breathing, resort
to ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

LUNGS:

- Gas exchange occurs

- Through the thin walls of alviol and capillaries,
oxygen enters the bloodstream, and carbon
dioxide from the blood enters the lungs and
exhale. - The cardiac conduction system is responsible
- Things that will affect this process: for the generation and transmission of
-Oxygen concentration electrical signals that cause the heart to
-Airway state contract.
-Lung diseases - The impulse is generated in the SINOATRIAL
-Blood pressure NODE, then spreads throughout the heart.
- First, the ATRIA contract, then the impulse is
HEART: slightly delayed in AV NODE, then passes
through PURKINJE FIBERS, which causes a
reduction in ventricles.

NOTE:

- In case the sinoatreous node does not

work, impulses are generated by an AV
node or even Purkinje fibers.

- Cells of the Cardiac Conduction System

- PERICARDUM (heart bag) generate impulses at a certain intervals of
time.
- Sinoatrial node has the HIGHEST generation
frequency; AV node (60 pulses); Purkinje
Fibers (40 pulses) per minute
- Since the frequency of the impulses of the SA
node is greater, the impulses passing from it
depolarize the remaining cells and prevent
them from generating their impulses.
 - As soon as the SA node turns off, the AV node - This may occur due to various reasons, such as
starts generating pulses with its own ISCHEMIA (lack of oxygen) of the heart
frequency. - Multiple pulse sources occur in the atria
- The atria and ventricles contract
independently. The heart continues to
ECG (ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY) perform the pumping function
- NO THREAT TO LIFE

CARDIAC ARREST

- These are conditions in which the heart does

not perform the pumping function or performs
very weakly.
- TYPES OF CARDIAC ARREST:
- VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION OR
VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA (90% OF CASES)
- ASYSTOLE (7%)
- ELECTROMECHANICAL DISSOCIATION (A
RARE CONDITION)

- A way to monitor the heart’s impulses

- If you connect 2 electrodes to a person’s
hands, then they will receive voltage from the
impulses in the heart.
- It is possible to connect electrodes in different
ways
- VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION
- P – ATRIAL CONTRACTION
- Is a chaotic contraction of ventricular regions,
QRS – VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION without real pericablation of the blood.
T- VENTRICULAR RELAXATION - May due to exhaustion of the heart resource
- When the signal goes to the electrode, we see due to ischemia.
a positive voltage, when from – negative
- Multiple impulses circulate the ventricles and
the heart does NOT work simultaneously.
- “HEART FAILURE”
- THE PATIENT IS DYING

- SINUS RHYTHM
- When the impulse comes out of the sinus node
and the heart beats with the same frequency
- VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
- Similar condition, usually the initial stage of
fibrillation, while the ventricles still maintain
some kind of rhythm.
- IT IS NECESSARY TO TAKE URGENT MEASURES

- ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
- Condition of the heart in which the atria
contract very often and erratically.

- ASYSTOLE
- A condition which there is no electrical activity
in the heart
- On the ECG, we see a line
- The chances of saving a patient with asystole
are much lower than a patient with ventricular
fibrillation
- To cope with ventricular fibrillation or
ventricular tachycardia, defribillation is
NEEDED
NOTE:
- A defibrillator is a device that sends a
strong impulse through the heart.
- Such impulse for a moment drowns out all the
chaotic electrical activity and there is a chance
that the heart will return to sinus rhythm
- IF ECG – asystole or small wave ventricular
fibrillation – defibrillation is prohibited and
meaningless. First, it is necessary to raise the
resource of the heart so that a large fibrillation
appears and only then defibrillate
- as soon as fibrillation and tachycardia of the
ventricles began, it is necessary to start
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)
and immediately carry out defibrillation, use
drugs.
NOTE:
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation consists
of chest pressures for pumping blood,
artificial lung ventilation, defibrillation,
and drug administration.
BLOOD VESSELS:
2 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS:
1.
- Blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries.
- SYSTOLIC (at the time of contraction of the
heart)
- DIASTOLIC (at the moment, between
heartbeats)
- 120/80 IS CONSIDERED NORMAL
- But different people may be different.
2.
- Arterial blood saturation with oxygen
(oxygenation) (Sp02)
NOTES:
- Sp02 is an estimate of the amount of
oxygen in the blood
- It is measured using a PULSOXIMETER
attached to a finger or ear.
- It means blood saturation with oxygen
- The normal rate is 95-99%
- Below 90% = problems
- Below 60% = loss of consciousness
- With this value of Sp02, organs, first of all, the
heart and brain slowly begins to die.