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LYCEUM OF ALABANG
Criminology Department
"ASSESSMENT ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CITY ORDINANCE NO. 15-19
SECTION 19(CURFEW ON MINORS) IN PARANAQUE CITY; A PROPOSED
CURFEW STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE"

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Committee of the


Criminology Department
Lyceum of Alabang
Km. 30 National Road, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the


Degree in
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

by

Dioso, Jefferson E.
Tabion, Chirstian Jay T.
Valenzona, Jonathan B.

January 2019

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CITY ORDINANCE 15-19


SECTION 19 (CURFEW ON MINORS) IN BARANGAY SAN ANTONIO
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PARANAQUE CITY, BASIS FOR PROPOSAL PATROL PLAN”, prepared and
submitted by DIOSO, JEFFERSON E., TABION, CHRISTIAN JAY T.,
VALENZONA, JONATHAN B.,in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology, has been examined and is hereby
recommended for acceptance and approval for ORAL DEFENSE.

PROF. GERARDO, PALMERO


Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with the grade of ________.

PROF. RODEN A. SAMSON


Chairman

DR. RYAN T. TIMBAL


Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY.

PROF. RODEN A. SAMSON DR. RYAN T. TIMBAL


Director, RDE Dean of College of Criminology

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
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The researchers could take this opportunity to express their sincere


appreciation and gratitude to everyone who helped and supported them
throughout the entire research. They could the statements below as an example.

Firstly to our adviser, Prof. Gerardo Palmero, who wholeheartedly guided


and educated us about research writing, for his constant supervision, provision of
necessary information, and continuous support through thick and thin.

To our college professors, for their cooperation and sharing of knowledge


,experiences, and wisdom.

To the oral defence panellists, Dr. Gerardo Marinay, Prof. Daisy Delo
Santos, for their insightful comments and encouragements, for their challenging
questions that motivated us to widen our research from various perspectives.

And lastly, to the Lord Almighty, for his guidance through this research
and our everyday lives.

Thank you.

THE RESEARCHERS

DEDICATION

In this section the researchers can mention the people to whom the

research/thesis is dedicated to.


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To our family and friends who wholeheartedly supported us through thick

and thin.

To our professors who gave us the opportunity to experience such an

academically enlightening research study.

To Lyceum of Alabang College Library who willingly gave us useful

information regarding our study.

We dedicate also this research to our colleagues at Education Department

of Lyceum of Alabang who provided endless support and data.

To our almighty God who always protecting and guiding us in our daily

living.

To all who were mentioned above for without you this action plan will not

be a successful one.

THESIS ABSTRACT

Title : The Implementation of City Ordinance 15-19 Section 19


(Curfew on Minors) in Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City Basis For a
Proposal Action Plan

Author s : Dioso, Jefferson E.


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LYCEUM OF ALABANG
Criminology Department
Tabion, Christian Jay T.

Valenzona, Jonathan B.

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Adviser : Prof. Gerardo Palmero

Institution : Lyceum of Alabang

Km 30 National Road, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City

The main purpose of this study is to assess the Implementation of City

Ordinance 15-19 section 19 (Curfew on Minors) in Barangay San Antonio

Paranaque cityand proposed solutions and ideas to enhance the effective

implantation of City Ordinance.

Summary of Findings

This study assessed the implementation of the City Ordinance No. 15-19

Section 19 (curfew on minors) in Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City in terms of


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procedure of arrest, handling of arrested minors, patrolling strategy, the demographic profile of

the respondents, problems encountered and solutions.

FINDINGS

Specifically, it answered the following questions;

The findings of the study were summarized according to the statement of

the problems postulated for the study.

1. PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to

Age

Table 1 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to

age. 7 of the respondents belong to 46-50 age bracket, 6 are 36-40, 5 in 31-35,

and 5 also in 41-45 age bracket, 4 in 51-55, 2 in 21-30 age bracket and only 1 in
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56-60. Demographic profile of the respondents in barangay san Antonio

according to age shows a random age of respondents.

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to

Gender

Table 2 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to


gender. Majority of the respondents according to gender are female with 18
frequency rating composed of barangay police and staff Frequency rating for the
male gender bracket is 12 also composed of barangay police and staff.

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to

Civil Status

Table 3 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to


civil status. Majority of the respondents according to civil status bracket are
married with 19 frequency rating. 7 for single and 2 for separated and
widow/widower.

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to

Highest Educational Attainment

Table 4 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to

highest educational attainment. Majority of the respondents according to highest

educational attainment of the respondents are in college graduate with 12


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frequency rating, second is in high school graduate with 9 frequency rating, 3 rd is

high school level with 7 frequency rating and 2 for college level bracket.

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to

Position

Table 5 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to


Position. The respondents according to position in barangay police bracket
are10, 10 in barangay staff position bracket, and 10 in barangay peace maker
position bracket.

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to

Length of Service

Table 6 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to


length of service. Majority of the respondents according to length of service are in
1-5 years length of service bracket with 25 frequency rating and 5 Frequency
rating in 6-10 years.

2. THE RESPONDENTS ASSESSMENT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CITY

ORDINANCE NO. 15-19 SECTION 19 (CURFEW ON MINORS) IN BARANGAY

SAN ANTONIO, PARANAQUE CITY IN TERMS OF; PROCEDURE OF

ARREST, HANDLING THE ARRESTED MINORS, AND PATROL STRATEGY


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Based from table 7 it revealed S.R. (Strongly Recommended) 4.56 overall


weighted rating in the assessment in the implementation of city ordinance 15-19
curfew on minors in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque city in terms of procedure
of arrest. Variable 1 shows S.R. (Strongly Recommended) 4.66 descriptive
rating, minors should be treated fairly in terms of gender to avoid discrimination.
Variable 2 shows S.R. (Strongly Recommended) 4.43 descriptive rating, minors
must be separated from adult offender during transportation for safety of the
children. Variable 3 also shows S.R. (Strongly Recommended) 4.6 descriptive
rating that minors should not be handcuffed during arrest to avoid hurting the
minors.

Based from table 8 it revealed S.R.(Strongly Recommended) 4.55 overall weighted


ranking in the assessment in the implementation of city ordinance 15-19 curfew on
minors in barangay san Antonio Paranaque city in terms of handling the arrested
minors. Variable 1 shows S.R (Strongly Recommended) 4.76 descriptive rating, that
it is important to call the parents/guardians of the arrested minors for their
awareness and information about the issue. Variable 2 shows S.R (Strongly
Recommended) 4.5 descriptive rating that it should be the women’s desk that will
handle regarding to the issue for further instructions and recommendations.
Variable 3 shows S.R (Strongly Recommended) 4.4 descriptive rating, that minors
must be treated with utmost respect and privacy to prevent discrimination and
preserve dignity.

Based from table 9 it revealed S.R.(Strongly Recommended) 4.21 overall


weighted rating in the assessment in the implementation of city ordinance 15-19
curfew on minors in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque City in terms of patrolling
strategy. Variable 1, shows S.R.(Strongly Recommended) 4.33 descriptive rating
that patrolling should be also intended for some other purposes, for some
circumstances that will help to prevent crimes, for emergencies and , etc. Variable 2
shows R (Recommended) 4 descriptive rating that pre-patrolling is necessary
before the actual curfew hour. Variable 3 also shows a S.R. (Strongly
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Recommended) 4.3 descriptive rating that the presence of the policemen should be
present in the conduct of patrolling.

3. WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF


CITY ORDINANCE NO. 15-19 CURFEW ON MINORS IN BARANGAY SAN
ANTONIO, PARANAQUE CITY

Table 10 revealed S (Serious) 4.11 overall weighted mean rating on the


problems encountered in the implementation of city ordinance nos. 15-19 curfew on
minors in barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City. Variable 1 shows S (Serious)
4.03 descriptive rating that the barangay needed resources to respond quickly to
the barangay callouts. Variable 2 and 5 shows S (Serious) 3.96 and 4.16
descriptive rating, that there some irresponsible and lazy respondents attending
drunk, which is a common problems now in many sectors. Variable 3 shows a
V.S.(Very Serious) 4.23 descriptive rating, that most respondents are lacking the
knowledge regarding rights of minors on how they should be lawfully treated, since
some of the respondents in the barangay high school levels only. Variable 4 also
shows S (Serious) 4.16 descriptive rating, about respondents lacked of training in
the field of patrolling.

4. SOLUTIONS MAY BE PROPOSED TO ENHANCE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF


CITY ORDINANCE NOS. 15-19 CURFEW ON MINORS IN BARANGAY SAN
ANTONIO PARANAQUE CITY

Table 11 revealed R (Recommended) 3.16 overall weighted rating for the


solutions may proposed to enhance the implementation of city ordinance no. 15-19
curfew on minors in barangay san Antonio Paranaque City. Variable 1 shows R
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(Recommended) 3.26 descriptive rating, for the fast and adequate respond to
barangay callouts the barangay should allocate sufficient fund. Variable 2 also
shows R (Recommended) 3.2 descriptive rating, for unworthy barangay officer,
should be removed and will not be tolerated for curfew is an important activity in
barangay. Variables 3,4,5 shows same R (Recommended) 3.3, 3.23, 2.83
descriptive rating, to conduct training, seminars, education, all for knowledge and
ideas regarding rights of minors and any other laws related to curfew.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to assess the implementation of the City Ordinance No. 15-19

Section 19 (curfew on minors) in Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;

1.1. Age

1.2. Gender

1.3. Civil Status

1.4. Highest Educational Attainment

1.5. Position

1.6. Length of service


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2. The respondents assessmentthe implementation of the City Ordinance No. 15-19 Section 19

(curfew on minors) implementation of City Ordinance in Barangay san Antonio Paranaque City in

terms of;

2.1. Procedure of arrest.

2.2. Handling arrested minors and;

2.3. Patrolling strategy.

3. What are the problems encountered in the implementation of the city ordinance (Curfew on

minors) in Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City?

4. What measures may be proposed to enhance the implementation of curfew on minors in

Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City?

Conclusion

Based from the findings of the study the following conclusions are derived:

1. Majority of the respondents were aged

2. As to the assessment of the respondents on the implementation of the city

ordinance 15-19 curfew on minors in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque City in


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terms of procedure of arrest, handling arrested minors, patrol strategy. Table 7

(procedure of arrest) shows that all the variables revealed S.R. (Strongly

Recommended) descriptive rating, which means exemptions and procedures are

important. Table 8 (handling arrested minors) shows S.R. (Strongly

Recommended) 4.55 overall weighted mean, which revealed that privacy and

dignity of the minors should be preserved. Table 9 (patrol strategy) shows S.R.

(Strongly Recommended) 4.21 overall weighted mean, that all the variables in

the table are necessary in the conduct of patrol.

3. To the problems encountered in the implementation of city ordinance 15-19

(curfew on minors) in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque City. Table 10 revealed

the overall weighted mean of all the variables which is 4.11 S (Serious). With the

number 1 rank, V.S. (Very Serious) variable 3 in table 10 (respondents are

lacking of knowledge and awareness regarding on children’s rights) shows,

some or most of the respondents are lacking knowledge about curfew laws, and

rights of children, plus the laziness and being irresponsible (variable 5), and lack

of well trained personnel. Table 10 shows that it is not only the violation of minors

and the under-resourced facilities that they are dealing with but also their co-

officers which give more difficulties in the conduct of curfew law in the barangay.

4. Table 11 shows 3.16 overall weighted mean R (Recommended), to the solutions

may be proposed to enhance the implementation of city ordinance 15-19 curfew


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on minors in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque City regarding to the problems

encountered in the implementation. With the variable 3 in table 11 (conduct

regular education and awareness programs for the respondents regarding

on children’s rights) shows a number 1 rank (Recommended), which answer

the problem in table 10 variable 3, (respondents are lacking of knowledge and

awareness regarding on children’s rights). One of the most important factor in

the conduct of curfew on minors is that the respondents him/herself should be

equipped with the idea, awareness and the knowledge regarding on their field.

And also the barangay must allocate sufficient fund for more transport vehicles to

respond effectively and quickly to the barangay callouts which is the most

important thing in patrolling and responding

Recommendations

Based from the conclusions the following recommendations are hereby

offered to enhance the implementation of city ordinance 15-19 section 19 curfew

on minors in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque City.

1. Additional training for Enforcers and Increased participation for residents.

2. Conduct of regular trainings and seminars to increase the knowledge of

barangay personnel in the implementation of curfew.


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Criminology Department
3. Provide additional and appropriate updated training for the implementers

of the city-wide curfew particularly for the enforcers.

4. Strictly observe the implementation of the Curfew on Minors.

5. Strict imposition of the mandatory community service to the Curfew on

minors.

6. Strengthen the information drive for the Curfew on Minors.

7. Provide training, symposium both for the enforcers and residents about

Children’s Rights.

8. Observe firm imposition of sanctions to curfew on minors violators.

9. Strictly tightened the qualifications for application for barangay police.

10. Further, a similar study should be conducted in other barangay, cities and

municipalities in the country to validate the results and findings of this

study.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL SHEET
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

DEDICATION

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.


Background of the Study ....................................................................................... 20
Theoretical Framework ........................................ 22Error! Bookmark not defined.
Statement of the Problem .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.24
Significance of the Study ....................................................................................... 26
Scope and Delimitation .......................................................................................... 27
Definition of Terms ................................................................................................ 27
Conceptual Framework ......................................................................................... 29

CHAPTER 2: RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

ForeignLiterature………………………………………………………...………………
……..31
Local Literature ...................................................................................................... 34
Foreign Studies ..................................................................................................... 37
Local Studies ......................................................................................................... 41
Synthesis of Literature ........................................................................................... 46
Synthesis of the Study ........................................................................................... 46

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design ................................................................................................... 51


Respondents of the Study ..................................................................................... 51
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Sampling Technique .............................................................................................. 52
Research Instrument ............................................................................................. 52
Data Gathering ...................................................................................................... 53
Statistical Treatment of the Data ........................................................................... 53

CHAPTER 4:

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA ................... 57

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS ............................................................................ 68


CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................... 73
RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................... 75
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 90
CURRICULUM VITAE ........................................................................................... 91

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
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Introduction

The purpose of this study is to assess the implementation of City

Ordinance 15-19 Section 19 (Curfew on Minors) in the city of Paranaque in

preventing many criminal acts as well as the protection of minors from

becoming victims of crime, abuse and other forms of exploitation and also

save them from engaging into criminal activities. Research shows that

minors learn to commit crime not by themselves, because they spent much

of their time loitering outside with adults teaching them criminal activities.

(google; secure teen). Teen curfew laws restrict the hours that juveniles

may be on the streets or in public places at night. Curfews are promoted

as beneficial to law enforcement, they give police additional control over

the presence and behavior of juveniles on the street during curfew hours.

Below is the definition of City Ordinance (Curfew on Minors) 15-19 section 19 in

Paranaque city;

It is hereby prohibited for minors or persons below 18 years of age

to be loitering; outside their homes or in any public place between 10:00

pm and 4:00 am except;

a. when minors is accompanied by his parent/guardian or other adult

person care and custody of the minor.


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b. when the minor is upon an emergency errand directed by his parent or

guardian or other adult person having the care and custody of the minor.

c. those minor whose nature of work necessities their stay in the streets

during curfew hours provided they register with the police department

which shall issue to them, free of charge, identification card exempting

them from the operation of this ordinance.

Curfews is justified in many cities or municipalities as a simple

method to not only reduce opportunities for teens to commit crimes but

also to protect them from becoming crime victims. In many cities, curfews

have been introduced by government officials as credible and effective

community-based responses to increases in serious juvenile crime .Curfew

also endorsed as a valuable complementary to parental supervision; they

provide community support to parents placing limits on hours that their

children may be out at night. ( Ruefle and Reynolds, 1995). In the

Philippines, President Duterte imposed nationwide curfew on minors

because of the crimes and acts of violation which some of this are

committed by minors such as robbery, drug trafficking, vandalism, etc.

which goal is to prevent or lessen them. (www.pressreader.com)


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Curfew does not only gives positive effects to minors but there are

also negative. Negative effects such as; 1.keeping them from working

nightshift, there are ‘responsible’ teenagers who want to work night to help

their family financially and yet they can’t because of curfew law. 2.restricts

them of many things in life, other minors view this as a restriction on how

they can manage their lives-they cannot assert, they cannot negotiate, they

cannot learn, and therefore, they are not living their lives. 3.Some parents

use this as a control issue, there are parents who use teenage curfew so

that they can keep their kids locked up at home. Teenage curfew can be

a reason for parents to ‘overlook’ things about their children and that

means neglect , as well. 4. Rebellion, sometimes, curfews set autocratically

lead to rebellion when teens are not allowed to express their

disagreement or anger about the curfews, they tend to have negative

reactions. (according to university of Alabama parenting assistance line)

As more communities have adopted teen curfews, many critics have

questioned their viability and legitimacy as crime fighting tools. Does the

enforcement of curfews can really be an aid to minors and to society or

a big hindrance toward the juvenile’s freedom of teenage life. This study
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will explore this question and find out the possible effects of this

ordinance.

‘Youth curfews help keep our children out of harm’s way. They give

parents a tool to import discipline, respect, and rules at an awkward and

difficult time in children’s lives’.-Bill Clinton (1996)

Background of the Study

Minor curfews are local ordinances prescribing minors, generally

within a specified age range, from occupying public areas and streets

during particular times. The curfew law was adopted in response to the

increase in serious and violent juvenile crimes. Youth crime is a major and

growing problem, often involving both drugs and violence. Imposing youth

curfews can help to solve these problems, as they keep young people off

the street, and therefore out of trouble, and prevent them from

congregating in the hours of darkness. –Kline, 2011

In the period from 1988 to 1993, the rates of violent crimes such

as homicide, rapes, assaults, and robberies committed by teens rose more

than 60%, and murder related arrests of teens nearly doubled (Snyder and

Sickmund, 1995; seibert, 1995). Therefore large cities are starting to enact
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curfew laws that are aimed towards keeping teenagers of the streets in

attempt to minimize the crime rates.Many citizens are in favor of juvenile

curfews, despite their in effective nesss and violation their rights.

On the other hand, many analysts of this issue believe that it is

merely a waste of police resources because it does not help to prevent

any teenage crimes. Whether or not these curfews are actually effective in

reducing the engagement of minors in illegal activities. (teenage curfews).

In Paranaque city crime level reaches 50% in July 2018, after the implementation

of the curfew ordinance which reduced since the past 3 years. Criminal activities

such as robbery, theft, murder were reduced, and minor victims of crime

are prevented. (source: goggle search ‘crime in Paranaque, Updated July

2018).

As more communities have adopted teen curfews, many critics have

questioned their viability and legitimacy as crime fighting tools. Questions

asked among many researches is if the money spent enforcing these laws

could be spent in more beneficial ways among law enforcement?, and does

the enforcement of curfews can really be an aid to minors and to society

or a big hindrance toward the juvenile’s freedom of teenage life. This study
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will explore this question and find out the possible effects of this

ordinance.

Theoretical framework

The deterrence theory is derived from the rational choice theory.

Deterrence theory is based on the concept that, is the consequence of

committing a crime outweighs the benefit of the crime itself, the individual

will be deterred from committing the crime (Schalleger, Frank). The

deterrence theory can be split up into two different categories. Those two

are general and specific deterrence.

General deterrence states that, “people will engage in criminal and

deviant activities if they do not fear apprehension and punishment” (Keel,

Robert). It specifies that youth who are negative and act out in disruptive

behavior will receive attention and punishment. Based upon the

seriousness on punishment for criminal behavior, the lower the crime rating

should be. Knowing the flight at risk when condoning in criminal activity

the likelihood in engaging will decrease due to the punishment they could

face. In a nut shell general deterrence theory focuses on reducing the

probability of deviance in the general population (Keel, Robert).


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Although general deterrence focus primarily on future behaviors,

preventing individuals from interacting in criminal activities by impacting

their decision making process, specific deterrence has a slight different

approach. Specific deterrence makes it so that those individuals who are

well known criminals will never repeat in criminal activity due to the server

punishment behind the crime.

How is that the deterrence theory is related to the research to the

topic on curfew laws? It is related on several reasons. Deterrence is

based on the principle that violators of specific crimes will be punished for

their actions in order to persuade their decision making on deviant

behaviors. It has been proven that those individuals that are motivated will

condone in deviant and criminal behaviors as long as they do not fear the

consequences of their actions. There are certain standards and rulings that

come behind curfew laws and the concept that the deterrence theory

upholds can help alter juveniles thinking process. It is stated that “crime

can be controlled by increasing the real or perceived threat of criminal

punishment” (Seigel, Larry pg 82). In other words, curfew laws are

enforced to help prevent juvenile crime. Like all rules there are

consequences that come with breaking them. That is the briefing behind
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the deterrence theory and the relationship that it holds to curfew laws. If

an Individuals knows that he or she can get caught and severely

punished for indulging in criminal activities normally are the ones who are

deterred for partaking in criminal activity. Research on deterrence has

shown a lot of interest on street crimes. There is a significant correlation

between curfew laws and the reduction or deflection of deviant criminal

activities. According to the general deterrence theory, “ if the certainty of

arrest, conviction, and sanctioning increases, crime rates should decline”

(Seigel, Larry pg 82), which should make curfew laws effective in a

decrease in crime rate. This is the relationship between curfew laws and

deterrence theory.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to assess the implementation of the City Ordinance No. 15-19

Section 19 (curfew on minors) in Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City Basis for a

proposal patrol plan.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions.


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5. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;

5.1. Age

5.2. Gender

5.3. Civil Status

5.4. Highest Educational Attainment

5.5. Position

5.6. Length of service

6. The respondents assessmentthe implementation of the City Ordinance No. 15-19 Section 19

(curfew on minors) implementation of City Ordinance in Barangay san Antonio Paranaque City in

terms of;

6.1. Procedure of arrest.

6.2. Handling arrested minors and;

6.3. Patrolling strategy.

7. What are the problems encountered in the implementation of the city ordinance (Curfew on

minors) in Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City?

8. What solution may be proposed to enhance the implementation of curfew on minors in

Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City?


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Significance of the study

The results of this study gave an overview on the implementation of

city ordinance (Curfew on minors).

The study will be significant to the following entities:

For Barangay San Antonio the outcome of the study will serve as tools to

remedy the possible problems encountered in the implementation of the curfew.

For the Residents, this study will help the residents of Barangay San

Antonio Paranaque City to improve current situation of peace and tranquillity

through assessment of feedbacks provided by respondents of the study.

For the Youth, this study is will help increase the community’s safety

further more serve as a catalyst to decrease crimes committed by and against

the youth of the Barangay San Antonio.

For the Researchers, during and after the phase of the study, the

researchers they will gain essential knowledge about research and the

implementation of crime prevention strategies that would be highly pertinent in

their field of study and future professions.


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Future Researcher - the result of this study will serve as an essential

source of information to future researchers who will be conducting a similar

study.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study focus on the assessment in the implementation of City

Ordinance No. 15-19 (Curfew on minors) in Barangay San Antonio,

Paranaque City from the past 2 years up to the present. Particularly the

study will discussed; on how the respondents conduct the implementation of city

ordinance in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque city . The problems and difficulties regarding

to the implementation of the city ordinance (Curfew on minors) . And the action plans

that can be proposed or added to enhance the implementation of curfew on minors in

Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City.

Definition of terms;

Assessment – the evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of

someone or something.
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Community - Village, town, city are terms for groups of people living in

somewhat, close association and localtity.

Crime refers to an action or omission that constitutes an offense that may be

prosecuted by the state and is punishable by law. It is committed by individuals in

various forms and different reasons.

Crime Prevention refers to the attempt to reduce and deter crime and criminal,

implementation of various strategies dramatically such as installments of closed

circuit television and alarm system for increased physical security.

Curfew - is an official order to return home before a stated time. It may

often be imposed by a government to maintain public order some

jurisdiction impose curfew on minors. The enact curfew laws that keeps

kinds under the age of 18 off the streets and away from crimes.

Deterrence - the action of discouraging an action or event through

instilling doubt or fear of the consequences..

Implementation - the process of putting a decision or plan into effect;

execution.

Minor - a person under the age of full legal responsibility.

Patrol – an expedition to keep watch over an area especially by guards or police,


walking or driving around at regular intervals.
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Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Demographic  Assessment Proposed patrol


Profile through action plan for
 City Ordinance Barangay San
survey
Antonio
15-19 Section 19  Observation Paranaque City
(Curfew on
 Interview
Minors)
 Survey
 Analysis of
Questionnaire data
 Statistical
data
 Interpretation
and analysis
of
data/records

FEEDBACK

Figure 1
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The Paradigm of the Study

Conceptual Paradigm

Figure 1 on the next page shows the research paradigm of the

study. The input-process-output (IPO) model or system is applied. The IPO

model is composed of three important steps. First, the input, being the

initial step, significant data will be covered. In this study, the demographic

profile of the respondents in Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City is the

important data that can be taken these variables. Secondly, the process,

these steps makes convention process that is from information to data

and ultimate facts. The process also includes the use of interviews,

questionnaires analysis of documents and the application of statistical

tools. Finally, the output result, improved and more strict implementation of

the City Ordinance 15-19 Section 19 (Curfew on Minors) to prevent

crimes, for more secure and safer community.


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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

This chapter deals with review of conceptual literature and related studies

which are indispensable in the formulation of the study.

Related Literature

Foreign

Grossman, Miller (2013), they that found that juvenile curfew laws were

effective at reducing adverse youth health outcomes (e.g., trauma transports);

juvenile crime; and victimization were of higher quality (e.g., stronger

methodologic approaches) than those finding no effects. However, given the

limited number of studies and concerns with quality, they conclude that more

research is needed before conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of

juvenile curfew laws. Duncklee, (2015). Laws are in existence to keep people

safe and out of harm’s way. Ideally,

people will not be injured physically, financially, or emotionally if people followed

all the laws. Realistically, not all laws are followed and officials resort to creating

laws to combat lawlessness. As a way to reduce juvenile crime, cities throughout


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the United States have imposed curfew laws for minors. The goal of these laws is

to deter the youth from committing crimes and while this goal is admirable, these

laws may no longer be necessary or even effective.

Pedro Vasquez, (2013). Juveniles are Juvenile curfew laws are designed

to prevent crimes committed by young people and from preventing young people

from becoming victims of crimes themselves. These laws limit the time in which

juveniles are allowed in public. expected to be off the streets and in their homes

after certain hours of the day. Juvenile’s curfew laws require the assistance of

community members as well as law enforcement for the curfew to be effective.

These laws are not just intended to prevent crime or victimization, but to deter

young people from becoming a delinquent.

Wilson et al, (2016).the goal of juvenile curfew laws is to reduce youth-

related crime, violence, and delinquency by keeping juveniles at home during the

night time hours, where they will presumably be exposed to fewer opportunities

to commit crime or become a victim of crime. More recently, curfew laws have

been enacted to apply to the time that youths should be in school, to allow the

police to better enforce truancy laws. The target population comprises all

juveniles in a geographical area, as defined by individual curfew laws. Some laws

specify youths under 18 years of age, while others specify youths under age 17.
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Juvenile curfew laws include a variety of regulated activities and penalties. The

laws vary in targeted age groups, hours of restricted activities, exceptions, and

sanctions.

Males &Macallair, (2013).A recent study examined whether rates of

curfew arrests were associated with rates of juvenile arrests on a year-by-year

basis from 1978 to 1996 for the state of California (Males &Macallair, 1999).

Categories of youth crimes examined were: all arrests, felonies, violent felonies,

homicides, property felonies, and misdemeanors. A statewide analysis revealed

that curfew arrests were generally unrelated to juvenile arrest rates, although

they were associated with higher rates of misdemeanor arrests for all youth and

specifically for whites, Hispanics, and Asians. Curfew enforcement was related to

higher rates of violent crime by Asian youth, and higher rates of all types of crime

for Asian and white youth. The twelve most populous counties in California were

examined for the 1980-96 period. Again, curfew arrest rates were generally

unrelated to youth arrest rates overall, but were positively related to arrests for

misdemeanors. In four counties, curfews were associated with higher rates of

both violent and property crimes. Most significantly, none of the counties with the

highest rates of curfew enforcement showed a significant decrease in juvenile

arrests for any kind of crime. The authors concluded that their analysis of teen
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curfews in California did not support the contention that curfew enforcement is

related to reductions in any kind of juvenile crime.

Local

Hernandez et al, (2013). The Philippines has a good number of laws,

policies and programs on child protection, albeit with limited funds and trained

personnel. A number of these laws and policies impact on the prevention of child

maltreatment although very few are directly related to primary prevention. There

was a disparity between what is required by national laws and policies; and

actual implementation of programs on child protection. With the devolution of

health and social services, implementation and support for programs depended

on the interests and priorities of local executives.

The Freeman, (2016). Curfews are not a curtailment of the ability and the

right of the young to be out and have fun or whatever. They can still go out. No

one is stopping them from doing so. What curfews do is merely to keep them

home at a time of the day when, from common experience, it is no longer

generally safe to be out. In other words, far from being an intrusion, curfews are

a means of protection. On the part of the young, they should not take curfews as

an attempt by the world to shackle them. While curfews are indeed a challenge
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that the youth needs to deal with, it is a challenge that can only make them better

persons. Instead of looking at curfews as an intrusion or curtailment of rights, it

should be regarded as a means to keep them safe while practicing them with

discipline for life's greater hurdles when they become adults.

President Rodrigo Duterte’s SONA, (2017). The progress and

development will sputter if criminals, illegal drugs, illegal users of drugs are

allowed to roam the streets freely, victimizing seeming with impunity, the

innocent and the helpless. Worse yet, there were times in the past when the

protectors of the people were themselves the perpetrators of the very crimes they

were tasked to prevent or suppress. The ruin of the youth, the disintegration of

families and the retrogression of communities, forced by criminals whose greed

for money is as insatiable as it is devoid of moral purpose.

DSWD, (2016). Department of Social Welfare and Development

emphasized that children/minors might be on the streets for various reasons

such as being abused inside their homes, being homeless, looking for food to

eat, peer pressure, among others. Thus, it is deemed necessary to assess each

case for provision of proper intervention to the minors who will be reached-out

outside their homes during the scheduled curfew hours.


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Department of Social Welfare and Development stressed that Local Government

Units may replicate their reach-out operation because the process varies across

the barangays and Local Government Units as they have different Implementing

Rules and Regulations in their respective ordinances. Department of Social

Welfare and Development-National Capital Region recommends that

barangays/Local Government Units should have a processing center where the

reached-out clients will be assessed and provided with immediate counseling or

other needs based on the result of the assessment. The Department also wants

to remind the public that reaching-out of clients is not merely about apprehending

parents and imposing fines to them but more on ensuring the safety and welfare

of minors.

Ongpin, (2017). The present state of Filipino children is already a national

emergency. The problem has to be addressed and the state has to step in. We

cannot just be concerned with economic growth without humanitarian

applications. We cannot think that we are progressing if our children are not

accounted for as they should be – the future of this country. Yes, there is a law

for day-carecenters where working parents can safely leave their children where

they are assured of care, but are there enough and are those that exist really

doing their jobs? Working day-care centers are few and far between. There are
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some feeding centers mostly run by religious, private sector individuals, and non-

government organizations. But they are not enough in the face of the great need.

The barangays are supposed to be looking out for the welfare of their residents.

Most child advocates say that barangays do not think that is in their job

description, judging by their indifference to the plight of children in their midst. If

the adults in their families are irresponsible, should not the state step in.

Related Studies

Foreign

According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency

Prevention, (2014). Only 15 percent of juvenile crimes are perpetrated between

the hours of 10 p. m. and 6 a.m. The other 75 percent of crime is committed

during the rest of the day with the majority of violent juvenile crimes occurring

between the hours of 3 p.m. and 7 p.m. on school days. On non-school days,

violent juvenile crimes peak between 7 p.m. and 9 p.m. Neither of those time

frames correlates with traditional 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. curfew hours.

It almost makes sense that 63 percent of violent juvenile crimes are committed

on school days; children are grouped together, bored, and wind up getting into or

causing trouble. Instead of focusing time, energy and money on enforcing a


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curfew, communities as well as the youth would almost certainly benefit from

additional after school or summer recreational activities. This possible solution

would benefit both minors and adults and provide the youth an outlet to be

productive rather than destruction.

National Research Council. (2013) highlights evidence that indicates

that during adolescence the brain is still immature; adolescents are less able to

regulate their behaviour, they are more sensitive to external influences (such as

peer pressure and immediate reward), and they show less ability to make

judgments and decisions that require future orientation. Thus, accountability

practices should not be carried over from criminal courts (which are designed for

adult offenders) to juvenile courts.

New Orleans, (2013).A study, which assessed the impact of curfews in 57

US cities, found that burglary, theft and simple assault all saw significant

decreases of an average of 14%, with a significant decrease in homicide rates

although the authors do not state by how much in percentage terms. Another

study found statistically significant reductions in criminal mischief (15% lower)

and weapons offences (29% lower), but significant increases in robbery (24%

higher) and vehicle theft (15%).


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A New Orleans study found a gradual and permanent increase in violent and

property crimes after the introduction of juvenile curfews. They also found that

African Americans were 19 times more likely to be arrested for curfew violations.

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), (2014). The case study of

Minneapolis found the city’s curfew to be racially biased – with 56% of curfew

charges coming against black youth compared with 17% for their white

counterparts, despite the city being majority white. Males says that he’s found a

similar pattern nationally. “They’re always racially discriminatory,” he said. “We

have not found a single exception to that.”

Tau Baraka owns the Imperial Barbershop just down the road from the Boys &

Girls Club. He’s lived here in south-east San Diego for years and views curfew

sweeps as part of a broader police assault on the predominantly non-white

community. “I worry,” he said, emphasizing that between curfew sweeps and

gang enforcement details, “we see our youth being harassed daily.”

Proponents, however, argue that curfews help prevent young people from

becoming either perpetrators or victims of night time crime. “This is an important

way of helping kids stay safe and stay out of trouble,” said San Diego city
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councilmember Marti Emerald. “If we can help one child in their struggle then I

think that we have to say the program is at least a partial success.”

Jillian Carr and Jennifer Doleac, (2015). They Tested the effect of

juvenile curfews on gun violence in Washington, D.C. By law, the weekday

curfew time in D.C. changes from midnight to 11:00 p.m. on September 1, and

back to midnight on July 1, roughly following the school year. The July 1 change

is very close to the July 4 holiday, but the September 1 change provides a clean

natural experiment. If curfews reduce gun violence, then when the curfew shifts

to 11:00 p.m. rather than midnight, gunfire between 11:00 p.m. and midnight

should go down. Does it?

Just the opposite. Using data on gunfire incidents from Shot Spotter (acoustic

gunshot sensors that cover the most violent neighbourhoods in D.C.), we find

that after the curfew switches from midnight to 11:00 p.m., the number of gunshot

incidents increases by 150 percent during the 11:00 p.m. hour. This amounts to 7

additional gunfire incidents city-wide per week, during that hour alone. Jane

Jacobs was right: the deterrent effect of having lots of people out on the streets is

powerful. This makes juvenile curfew policies counter-productive.


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A number of factors give us confidence that this increase in gunfire is driven by

the curfew, and represents a meaningful effect on public safety. We control for

changes during weekend and midnight hours, which are subject to the same

seasonal trends (such as the start of the new school year) but should not be

affected by the curfew change. Testing for effects hour-by-hour, we find that only

the 11:00 p.m. hour is affected, so it doesn’t appear that shifting the curfew

simply shifts gunfire to other times. And because we use Shot Spotter data on

gunfire, instead of crime reports or 911 calls, we can rule out the possibility that

the effect is driven by an increase in the reporting of gunfire. Indeed, it would

have been impossible to conduct this study without these new data. Juvenile

curfews change the number of witnesses out on the streets as well as how police

are spending their time. It would be easy to dismiss any change in reported crime

as driven by a change in whether criminal activity is noticed by the police. But the

Shot Spotter sensors pick up gunfire regardless of whether anyone reports it.

Local

Adriano, (2013). The London-based Amnesty International estimates that

there are as many as 200,000 street children in the Philippines, one of the

world's largest such populations. Between 50,000 to 70,000 are situated in Metro

Manila, according to Action International Ministries, a missionary group that


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works with urban poor around the world. While fertility rates have steadily fallen,

from over 7% in 1960 to over 3.1% at present, many Philippine families lack the

means to look after their children. Independent research has found that many of

the street kids are runaways escaping from difficult family situations. According to

the End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism, a child-rights advocacy group, many

of these youth work as pickpockets, scavengers and beggars to survive. Others

end up in forced prostitution situations. Their large vulnerable numbers are easy

prey for Philippine criminal syndicates, particularly those involved in drugs and

armed robbery. The government also claims vulnerable youth are forcibly

conscripted by armed rebel groups, including the communist New People's Army

(NPA), to bolster their otherwise dwindling numbers. Both the International

Committee of the Red Cross and The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

have published reports showing that the NPA has deployed "children in combat".

UNICEF estimated that around 3% of the NPA's 9,000 or so fighters are minors,

some as young as 10 years old

Child hope Asia Philippines, Inc., (2013). Street children comprise

about 1-3% of the children and youth population of the major cities in the

Philippines. Metro Manila and the National Capital Region (NCR) have an

estimated 30,000 children on the streets, while nationwide, some 250,000 street
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children are believed to be plying the streets of major urban centers. From

available studies, most are boys aged 7 to 16 years. About 75% of them still

return home to families, after working or begging on the streets. The situation of

children working and/or living on the street is viewed as a violation of the rights of

children. The five major causes for children to take to the streets are poverty and

large families; unemployment/ underemployment; limited access to basic social

services; breakdown of family structures; and the shift from traditional values that

tend to be consumeristic and materialistic. The immediate trigger is often

physical or sexual abuse within the family. When these children experience

family problems, hunger, neglect and domestic violence, they escape from their

homes and live part-time, or even full-time on the streets. Some are simply

abandoned.

Mandaluyong City, (2016). In Mandaluyong, 58 teenagers aged 15 and

below from different barangays were rounded up Monday night after they were

caught by police roaming the streets past the city’s 10 p.m. curfew.

Chief Insp. Dominador Ignacio, Mandaluyong’s assistant chief of police for

operations, said that the teenagers were temporarily brought to the police

headquarters for their parents to fetch them. He added that it was also a way to
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remind the parents that they were in violation of Ordinance No. 538, or the Code

of Parental Responsibility, which has been implemented since March 2014.

Under this ordinance, the city not only imposes a 10 p.m. curfew on minors but

also holds parents responsible if ever their children violate the curfew or get

involved in a crime.

Ignacio, who led the operation Monday night, said that most of the parents told

them that they were surprised that their children were outside their homes,

thinking they were already asleep. Other parents told authorities they only asked

their children to run an errand in a nearby store.

For this time, the police official said that they let the parents off the hook by

issuing only a stern warning. He, however, warned them they would be fined or

made to render community service if their children were caught again on the

streets during curfew hours.

Earlier, public information office chief Jimmy Isidro said that because of their

Code, crimes in the city involving children have significantly dropped by nearly 75

percent.

Based on data from the women and children’s protection desk of the local police,

Mandaluyong recorded 256 cases of crimes involving children, from simple


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mischief to street rioting and robbery, in 2013. When the ordinance was

enforced, the number dropped to 77 in 2014 and 73 in 2015, Isidro said.

Dangerous Drug Board, (2013). The Household Survey on the Nature

and Extent of Drug Abuse in the Philippines was conducted to determine the

nature and extent of drug abuse in the country after the enactment of RA 9165.

the results of the study pointed out to the hazards faced by children on the

streets like being exposed to drugs and other vices. It is recommended that strict

curfew hours for children aged 17 and below be implemented or if already

existing, the same be strictly implemented. Moreover, alternative programs or

livelihood opportunities for these children as well as their families should be

provided by the local government concerned. Third, the government, particularly

the Department of Education and the Department of Social Welfare and

Development, should also look into the possibility of conducting a mobile

schooling program on the high-risk areas frequented by the children.

Social Weather Station (2016), conducted survey and found that 64%

agreeing with the statement, “In this neighbourhood, people are usually afraid

that robbers might break into their houses”, up by 12 points from 52% in April

2016 this is 9.7 points above the 54.3% average fear of burglary in 2015, and the

highest since the record-high 70% in October 1987. The survey found 53%
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agreeing with the statement, “In this neighbourhood, people are usually afraid to

walk in the street at night because it is not safe,” up by 11 points from 42% in

April. This is 8.7 points above the 44.3% average fear of unsafe streets at night

in 2015, and the highest since 53% in March 2014. The survey also found a

record-high 62% agreeing with the statement, “In this neighbourhood there are

already very many people addicted to banned drugs,” up by 7 points from the

previous record-high of 55% in April. This is 13.7 points above the 48.3%

average fear of drug addicts in 2015.

Synthesis of the Reviewed Related Literature and Studies


The literature and studies enlightened the researchers about the scope

and importance of the implementation of city ordinance no. 15-19 section 19

(Curfew on Minors). The researchers gained valuable insights that are

remarkably helpful and useful for the present study.

Research on related literature presented different views to the study,

according to Grossman, Miller, they found that juvenile curfew laws were

effective at reducing adverse youth health outcomes (e.g., trauma transports).

But because of limited number of studies, many people still arguing that curfew is

not effective, and they conclude that more research is needed before conclusions
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can be drawn about the effectiveness of juvenile curfew laws. Duncklee, states

thatLaws are in existence to keep people safe and out of harm’s way. Ideally,

people will not be injured physically, financially, or emotionally if people followed

all the laws. But sadly he said that not all laws are followed and officials resort to

creating laws to combat lawlessness. In relation to Duncklee’s literature, Pedro

Vasquez, and Wilson et al said that Juvenile curfew laws are designed to prevent

crimes committed by young people and preventing youth from becoming victims

of crimes themselves. Curfew law does not only preventing crimes but also

preventing youth from being a victim, hence curfew is can be helpful and

effective in safety of youth. Hernandez et al, said. That The Philippines has a

good number of laws, policies and programs on child protection, albeit with

limited funds and trained personnel.

Ongpin, states that the present state of Filipino children is already a national

emergency. The problem has to be addressed and the state has to step in. In

terms of law implementation there are already laziness in part of the

authorities.In president Rodrigo's SONA he said that there were times in the past

when the protectors of the people were themselves the perpetrators of the very

crimes they were tasked to prevent or suppress. But behind all this the

implementation and support for this programs depend on the interests and
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priorities of local executives, so public official’s cooperation is a must. Behind all

of the positive effects of curfew to youth, other youth are arguing that curfew is

opposing them from their teenage life. The Freeman, stated that Curfews are not

a curtailment of the ability and the right of the young to be out and have fun or

whatever. Curfews are a means of protection they should not take curfews as an

attempt by the world to shackle them it is a challenge that can only make them

better persons. Instead of looking at curfews as an intrusion or curtailment of

rights, it should be regarded as a means to keep them safe while practicing them

with discipline for life's greater hurdles when they become adults. Department of

Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) emphasized that children/minors might

be on the streets for various reasons such as being abused inside their homes,

being homeless, looking for food to eat, peer pressure, among others. With this

Minors learn to engage in criminal activities, family should be the first to teach

their children, but instead lacking time and interest on imposing discipline making

minors to find a place where they can be valued. In addition ongpin also said that

if the adults in their families are irresponsible, should not the state step in. By

analyzing all the related literatures it shows us the different effects of curfew law,

but majority it showed us the advantages.


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A New Orleans study found a gradual and permanent increase in violent

and property crimes after the introduction of juvenile curfews. National Research

Council highlights evidence that indicates that during adolescence the brain is

still immature; adolescents are less able to regulate their behaviour, they are

more sensitive to external influences (such as peer pressure and immediate

reward), and they show less ability to make judgments and decisions that require

future orientation. In relation ACLU quotes that “If we can help one child in their

struggle then I think that we have to say the program is at least a partial

success.”Jillian Carr and Jennifer DoleacTested the effect of juvenile curfews on

gun violence in Washington, D.C. the gun violence increased during the curfew

hours at the same time represents a meaningful effect on public safety. So

basically curfew law always keeping public safety.

However in local studies, according to Adriano the London-based Amnesty

International estimates that there are as many as 200,000 street children in the

Philippines, one of the worlds largest such populations, many Philippine families

lack the means to look after their children. Making youth involved in prostitution,

work as scavengers, beggars and even making them conscripted by armed rebel

groups. In Mandaluyong, 58 teenagers aged 15 and below from different


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barangays were rounded up after they were caught by police roaming the streets

past the city’s 10 p.m. curfew. In relation to this the Dangerous Drug Board takes

Survey on the Nature and Extent of Drug Abuse in the Philippines the results of

the study pointed out to the hazards faced by children on the streets like being

exposed to drugs and other vices. In relation Social Weather Station, also

conducted survey asking about neighbourhood crimes, and showed majority are

agreeing that crimes are committed during curfew hours. The related study

serves as eye opener in the increase of the safety of the residents with emphasis

to the youth of Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City through assessment of

the implementation of curfew as perceived by Barangay officials that enforces the

ordinance and also to the Parents residing in the Barangay themselves.


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Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This research will be the descriptive quantitative method for this study.

The focus and concern of this study was to assess the Implementation of city

ordinance (curfew on minors) in Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City.

The Quantitative research will be used in this study because it focuses on

gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people or to

explain particular phenomenon, (based on USC LIBRARIES, august 2018).

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were thirty (30) barangay personnel’s

consisting of Barangay Staff, Peace Keeping Action and Police of Barangay San

Antonio, Paranaque City. The respondents in this study will be asked to answer

the questionnaire in regards to the Implementation of City Ordinance (curfew on

minors) in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque City.


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Sampling Technique.The respondents will be questioned on the basis of

their knowledge about the information desired, and give their feedback to the

other questions given.

Instrumentation

The questionnaires will be utilized in the data gathering. Also, unstructured

interview, observation and documentary analysis will be done to broaden the

range of discussions. The questionnaires that will be used are composed of four

significant parts.

Part I of the instrument is to draw information on the demographic profile of

the respondents in term of: Age, Sex, Civil Status, Highest Educational

Attainment, Position, Length of service. Part II is the respondent’s assessment on the

effectiveness and fairness implementation of city ordinance in barangay San Antonio

Paranaque city in terms of; Procedures of arrest, Process in handling arrested minors.

Part III focus on the degree of problem/difficulties regarding to the implementation of the

city ordinance (Curfew on minors) in Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City as

observed by Barangay Police, Community. Part IV is about what action plans can be

proposed to enhance the implementation of curfew on minors in Barangay San

Antonio, Paranaque City.


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Data Gathering Procedures

The researcher will seek the permission and recommendation of the

barangay captain in barangay San Antonio Paranaque city prior to the conduct of

the study. The approval will be attached in the letter prior to the distribution of

questionnaires to conduct the study. The researchers will give a brief overview

and explain to the respondents the purpose and importance of the study and

assured them the confidentiality of their responses to the survey questionnaires.

The researchers will distribute the questionnaires to the respondents. After the

retrieval of the questionnaires, the data will be tallied and tabulated, analyzed

and interpreted using statistical tools.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The statistical treatment, which will be used are the frequency,

percentage, weighted mean.

Frequency and Percentage.This will be used to present the demographic

profile of the respondents.

Percentage Formula: P = f/N x 100%

Where:

f = the frequency of response


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N= the total number of respondents

Ranking. Ranking will be used to present the order of importance of the

data gathered.

Weighted Mean. Weighted mean will be used to identify the trend of the

responses of the respondents.

Weighted Mean Formula: Ⱦ = fX

Where: Ⱦ = average weighted mean

f= frequency of response

N= total number of respondents

= summation sign

The following scale will be utilized to assess the Implementation of City

Ordinance (Curfew on Minors) in Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City;

Towards a Safe and Secured Community.

The first scale will be used to present the Implementation of City

Ordinance (Curfew on Minors) in Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City in


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terms of procedure of arrest, process in handling the arrested minors and the

process in patrolling the barangay.

Numerical Ranking Scale Range Descriptive Rating

5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Recommended

4 3.40-4.19 Recommended

3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Recommended

2 1.80-2.59 Less Recommended

1 1.00-1.79 Not Recommended

The second scale will be used to present the degree of seriousness of the

problems encountered in the Implementation of City Ordinance (Curfew on

Minors) in Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City.

Numerical Ranking Scale Range Descriptive Rating

5 4.20-5.00 Very Serious

4 3.40-4.19 Serious

3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Serious

2 1.80-2.59 Less Serious

1 1.00-1.79 Not Serious


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The last scale will be used to illustrate the Level of Effectiveness to the

suggested solutions and action plans to the Problems Encountered by the

respondents.

Numerical Ranking Scale Range Descriptive Rating

5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Recommended

4 3.40-4.19 Recommended

3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Recommended

2 1.80-2.59 Less Recommended

1 1.00-1.79 Not Recommended


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Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This provides for the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of

statistical data relative to the problems as posited. The corresponding

presentation, analysis and interpretation of data are incorporated in this portion of

study.

Table 1

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents

According to Age

Age Bracket Frequency Percentage

21-30 2 6.66%

31-35 5 16.66%

36-40 6 20%

41-45 5 16.66%

46-50 7 23.33%

51-55 4 13.33%

56-60 1 3.33%

61 years old above 0 0


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Total 30 100%

Table 1 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to

age. 7 of the respondents belong to 46-50 age bracket, 6 are 36-40, 5 in 31-35,

and 5 also in 41-45 age bracket, 4 in 51-55, 2 in 21-30 age bracket and only 1 in

56-60.

Table 2

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to


Gender
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 12 40%
Female 18 60%
Total 30 100%

Table 2 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to


gender. Majority of the respondents according to gender are female with 18
frequency rating composed of barangay police, peace maker and staff Frequency
rating for the male gender bracket is 12 also composed of barangay police,
peace maker and staff.

Table 3

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to


Civil Status
Civil Status Frequency Percentage
Married 19 63.33%
Single 7 23.33%
Separated 2 6.66%
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Widow/Widower 2 6.66%
Total 30 100%

Table 3 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to


civil status. Majority of the respondents according to civil status bracket are
married with 19 frequency rating. 7 for single and 2 for separated and
widow/widower.

Table 4

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to


Highest educational attainment

Highest Educational Frequency Percentage

Attainment

Elementary Level 0

Elementary Graduate 0

High school Level 7 23.33%

High School Graduate 9 30%

College Level 2 6.66%

College Graduate 12 40%

Total 30 100%

Table 4 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to

highest educational attainment. Majority of the respondents according to highest


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educational attainment of the respondents are in college graduate with 12

frequency rating, second is in high school graduate with 9 frequency rating, 3 rd is

high school level with 7 frequency rating and 2 for college level bracket.

Table 5

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to


Position
Position Frequency Percentage
Barangay Staff 10 33.33%
Barangay Police 10 33.33%
Barangay Peace Maker 10 33.33%
Total 30 100%

Table 5 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to


Position. The respondents according to position in Barangay police bracket
are10, 10 in Barangay staff position bracket, and 10 in Barangay peace maker
position bracket.

Table 6

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to


Length of Service
Length Of Service Frequency Percentage
1-5 years 25 83.33%
6-10 years 5 16.66%
11-15 years 0
16-20 years 0
21 years above 0
Total 30 100%

Table 6 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to


length of service. Majority of the respondents according to length of service are in
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1-5 years length of service bracket with 25 frequency rating and 5 Frequency
rating in 6-10 years.

THE RESPONDENTS ASSESSMENT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CITY


ORDINANCE NO. 15-19 (CURFEW ON MINORS) IMPLEMENTATION OF
CITY ORDINANCE IN BARANGAY SAN ANTONIO, PARANAQUE CITY IN
TERMS OF;

Table 7

Weighted Descriptiv Rank


A. Procedure of arrest mean e rating

1. Minors are should be searched by


barangay police officer ONLY of the 4.66 SR 1
same gender.

2. In case of bringing to the barangay,


minors should be separated from adult 4.43 SR 3
offenders while being transported.

3. Minors are not handcuffed, when such


is not necessary. 4.6 SR 2

Overall Weighted Mean 4.56 SR


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4.20-5.00 = Strongly Recommended; 3.40-4.19 = Recommended; 2.60-3.39 = Moderately Recommended; 1.80-2.59 =
Less Recommended; 1.00-1.79 = Not Recommended

Table 7 revealed S.R. (Strongly Recommended) 4.56 overall weighted rating in


the assessment in the implementation of city ordinance 15-19 curfew on minors
in Barangay. San Antonio Paranaque city in terms of procedure of arrest.
Variable 1 shows S.R. (Strongly Recommended) 4.66 descriptive rating, minors
should be treated fair to avoid discrimination. Variable 2 shows S.R. (Strongly
Recommended) 4.43 descriptive rating, minors must be separated from adult
offender during transportation for safety of the children. Variable 3 also shows
S.R. (Strongly Recommended) 4.6 descriptive rating that minors should not be
handcuffed to avoid hurting the minors.

Table 8
Handling the arrested minors

1. Parents/Guardians will be called for


information and support purposes. 4.76 SR 1
2. The women’s desk is always the one
who handle all the situations regarding 4.5 SR 2
to the issue.
3. All the procedures are done with
UTMOST PRIVILEGED and all the 4.4 SR 3
records involved to them be
considered CONFIDENTIAL.

Overall Weighted Mean 4.55 SR


4.20-5.00 = Strongly Recommended; 3.40-4.19 = Recommended; 2.60-3.39 = Moderately Recommended; 1.80-2.59 =
Less Recommended; 1.00-1.79 = Not Recommended

Table 8 revealed S.R.(Strongly Recommended) 4.55 overall weighted ranking in


the assessment in the implementation of city ordinance 15-19 curfew on minors in
barangay san Antonio Paranaque city in terms of handling the arrested minors.
Variable 1 shows S.R (Strongly Recommended) 4.76 descriptive rating, that it is
important to call the parents/guardians of the arrested minors for their awareness
and information about the issue. Variable 2 shows S.R (Strongly Recommended)
4.5 descriptive rating that it should be the women’s desk that will handle regarding
to the issue for further instructions and recommendations. Variable 3 shows S.R
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(Strongly Recommended) 4.4 descriptive rating, that minors must be treated with
respect and privacy to prevent discrimination and preserve dignity.

Table 9
Patrolling Strategy

1. The conduct of patrolling is not


intended for curfew purposes only, it is
also for other purposes as well as
preventing crimes, giving information 4.33 SR 1
and assistance to the police,
emergencies, etc.

2. The barangay police always conduct a


pre-patrolling, 1hour before the actual
curfew hour, for warning and
information purposes, if there are 4 R 3
minors loitering before the curfew
hours.
3. The conduct of patrolling is always
tailed by police officers. 4.3 SR 2
Overall Weighted Mean 4.21 SR
4.20-5.00 = Strongly Recommended; 3.40-4.19 = Recommended; 2.60-3.39 = Moderately Recommended; 1.80-2.59 = Less
Recommended; 1.00-1.79 = Not Recommended

Table 9 revealed S.R.(Strongly Recommended) 4.21 overall weighted rating


in the assessment in the implementation of city ordinance 15-19 curfew on minors
in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque City in terms of patrolling strategy. Variable 1,
shows S.R.(Strongly Recommended) 4.33 descriptive rating that patrolling should
be also intended for some other purposes, for some circumstances that will help to
prevent crimes, for emergencies and , etc. Variable 2 shows R (Recommended) 4
descriptive rating that pre-patrolling is necessary before the actual curfew hour.
Variable 3 also shows a S.R. (Strongly Recommended) 4.3 descriptive rating that
the presence of the policemen should be present in the conduct of patrolling.
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WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF


CITY ORDINANCE NO. 15-19 CURFEW ON MINORS IN BARANGAY SAN
ANTONIO, PARANAQUE CITY

Table 10

WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN THE


IMPLEMENTATION OF CITY ORDINANCE NO. 15-19
CURFEW ON MINORS IN BARANGAY SAN ANTONIO,
PARANAQUE CITY

1. The Barangay is under-resourced and the ability of the


barangay police to respond to the barangay callouts is
hampered by inadequate transport. 4.03 S 3

2. There are respondents which are alcoholic and attending


drunk. 3.96 S 5
3. Respondents are lacking of knowledge and awareness
regarding on children’s rights. 4.23 VS 1
4. Lack of well trained personnel to provide special care for
arrested minors such as counselling which incorporates
a gender and human rights focus and prioritize women’s 4.16 S 2
safety.

5. There are cases about Barangay Police, about their


laziness and sometimes forgetting their responsibilities 4.16 S 2
that were entrusted to them.

Overall Weighted Mean 4.11 S


4.20-5.00 = Very Serious; 3.40-4.19 = Serious; 2.60-3.39 = Moderately Serious; 1.80-2.59 = Less Serious; 1.00-1.79 = Not so
Serious
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Table 10 revealed S (Serious) 4.11 overall weighted mean rating on the


problems encountered in the implementation of city ordinance nos. 15-19 curfew on
minors in barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City. Variable 1 shows S (Serious)
4.03 descriptive rating that the barangay needed resources to respond quickly to
the barangay callouts such as transport vehicles. Variable 2 and 5 shows S
(Serious) 3.96 and 4.16 descriptive rating, that there some irresponsible and lazy
respondents attending drunk, which is a common problems now in many sectors.
Variable 3 shows a V.S.(Very Serious) 4.23 descriptive rating, that most
respondents are lacking of knowledge regarding on rights of minors on how they
should be lawfully treated, since some of the respondents in the barangay are high
school levels only. Variable 4 also shows S (Serious) 4.16 descriptive rating, about
respondents lacked of training in the field of patrolling.

SOLUTIONS MAY BE PROPOSED TO ENHANCE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF


CITY ORDINANCE NOS. 15-19 CURFEW ON MINORS IN BARANGAY SAN
ANTONIO PARANAQUE CITY
Table 11
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WHAT SLOLUTIONS MAYBE PROPOSED TO ENHANCE THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF CITY ORDINANCE NOS. 15-19 CURFEW

ON MINORS IN BRGY. SAN ANTONIO PARANAQUE CITY

1. Allocate sufficient fund in the implementation


of Curfew on Minors to respond effectively to
barangay callout such as adequate transport 3.26 R 2
facility used in responding.

2. Unworthy barangay police should not be


tolerated, and immediately remove this kind of 3.2 R 4
officer.
3. Conduct regular education and awareness
programs for the respondents regarding on
children’s rights. 3.3 R 1

4. Provide training seminars on the personnel


regarding to the special care and counseling
of minors which incorporates a gender and 3.23 R 3
human rights focus and prioritize minors
safety.
5. Conduct regular seminars, forum, meetings,
which will remind and give more motivations
to the respondents, about how important their 2.83 R 5
responsibility is, in keeping the barangay safe.

Overall Weighted Mean 3.16 R


4.20-5.00 = Strongly Recommended; 3.40-4.19 = Recommended; 2.60-3.39 = Moderately Recommended; 1.80-2.59 = Less
Recommended; 1.00-1.79 = Not Recommended

Table 11 revealed R (Recommended) 3.16 overall weighted rating for the


solutions may proposed to enhance the implementation of city ordinance no. 15-19
curfew on minors in barangay san Antonio Paranaque City. Variable 1 shows R
(Recommended) 3.26 descriptive rating, for the fast and adequate respond to
barangay callouts the barangay should allocate sufficient fund. Variable 2 also
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shows R (Recommended) 3.2 descriptive rating, for unworthy barangay officer,
should be removed and will not be tolerated for curfew is an important activity in
barangay. Variables 3,4,5 shows same R (Recommended) 3.3, 3.23, 2.83
descriptive rating, to conduct training, seminars, education, all the basic knowledge
and ideas regarding rights of minors and any other laws related to curfew.
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CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and

recommendations for the benefits of other researchers, and especially to the

barangay officers and officials of barangay San Antonio Paranaque City.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

This study assessed the implementation of the City Ordinance No. 15-19 Section

19 (curfew on minors) in Barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City in terms of procedure of

arrest, handling of arrested minors, patrolling strategy, the demographic profile of the

respondents, problems encountered and solutions.

FINDINGS

Specifically, it answered the following questions;


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The findings of the study were summarized according to the statement of

the problems postulated for the study.

5. PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to

Age

Table 1 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to

age. 7 of the respondents belong to 46-50 age bracket, 6 are 36-40, 5 in 31-35,

and 5 also in 41-45 age bracket, 4 in 51-55, 2 in 21-30 age bracket and only 1 in

56-60. Demographic profile of the respondents in barangay san Antonio

according to age shows a random age of respondents.

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to

Gender

Table 2 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to


gender. Majority of the respondents according to gender are female with 18
frequency rating composed of barangay police and staff Frequency rating for the
male gender bracket is 12 also composed of barangay police and staff.
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The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to

Civil Status

Table 3 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to


civil status. Majority of the respondents according to civil status bracket are
married with 19 frequency rating. 7 for single and 2 for separated and
widow/widower.

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to

Highest Educational Attainment

Table 4 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to

highest educational attainment. Majority of the respondents according to highest

educational attainment of the respondents are in college graduate with 12

frequency rating, second is in high school graduate with 9 frequency rating, 3 rd is

high school level with 7 frequency rating and 2 for college level bracket.

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to

Position

Table 5 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to


Position. The respondents according to position in barangay police bracket
are10, 10 in barangay staff position bracket, and 10 in barangay peace maker
position bracket.

The Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to

Length of Service
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Table 6 presented the demographic profile of respondents according to
length of service. Majority of the respondents according to length of service are in
1-5 years length of service bracket with 25 frequency rating and 5 Frequency
rating in 6-10 years.

6. THE RESPONDENTS ASSESSMENT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CITY

ORDINANCE NO. 15-19 SECTION 19 (CURFEW ON MINORS) IN BARANGAY

SAN ANTONIO, PARANAQUE CITY IN TERMS OF; PROCEDURE OF

ARREST, HANDLING THE ARRESTED MINORS, AND PATROL STRATEGY

Based from table 7 it revealed S.R. (Strongly Recommended) 4.56 overall


weighted rating in the assessment in the implementation of city ordinance 15-19
curfew on minors in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque city in terms of procedure
of arrest. Variable 1 shows S.R. (Strongly Recommended) 4.66 descriptive
rating, minors should be treated fairly in terms of gender to avoid discrimination.
Variable 2 shows S.R. (Strongly Recommended) 4.43 descriptive rating, minors
must be separated from adult offender during transportation for safety of the
children. Variable 3 also shows S.R. (Strongly Recommended) 4.6 descriptive
rating that minors should not be handcuffed during arrest to avoid hurting the
minors.

Based from table 8 it revealed S.R.(Strongly Recommended) 4.55 overall weighted


ranking in the assessment in the implementation of city ordinance 15-19 curfew on
minors in barangay san Antonio Paranaque city in terms of handling the arrested
minors. Variable 1 shows S.R (Strongly Recommended) 4.76 descriptive rating, that
it is important to call the parents/guardians of the arrested minors for their
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awareness and information about the issue. Variable 2 shows S.R (Strongly
Recommended) 4.5 descriptive rating that it should be the women’s desk that will
handle regarding to the issue for further instructions and recommendations.
Variable 3 shows S.R (Strongly Recommended) 4.4 descriptive rating, that minors
must be treated with utmost respect and privacy to prevent discrimination and
preserve dignity.

Based from table 9 it revealed S.R.(Strongly Recommended) 4.21 overall


weighted rating in the assessment in the implementation of city ordinance 15-19
curfew on minors in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque City in terms of patrolling
strategy. Variable 1, shows S.R.(Strongly Recommended) 4.33 descriptive rating
that patrolling should be also intended for some other purposes, for some
circumstances that will help to prevent crimes, for emergencies and , etc. Variable 2
shows R (Recommended) 4 descriptive rating that pre-patrolling is necessary
before the actual curfew hour. Variable 3 also shows a S.R. (Strongly
Recommended) 4.3 descriptive rating that the presence of the policemen should be
present in the conduct of patrolling.

7. WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF


CITY ORDINANCE NO. 15-19 CURFEW ON MINORS IN BARANGAY SAN
ANTONIO, PARANAQUE CITY

Table 10 revealed S (Serious) 4.11 overall weighted mean rating on the


problems encountered in the implementation of city ordinance nos. 15-19 curfew on
minors in barangay San Antonio, Paranaque City. Variable 1 shows S (Serious)
4.03 descriptive rating that the barangay needed resources to respond quickly to
the barangay callouts. Variable 2 and 5 shows S (Serious) 3.96 and 4.16
descriptive rating, that there some irresponsible and lazy respondents attending
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drunk, which is a common problems now in many sectors. Variable 3 shows a
V.S.(Very Serious) 4.23 descriptive rating, that most respondents are lacking the
knowledge regarding rights of minors on how they should be lawfully treated, since
some of the respondents in the barangay high school levels only. Variable 4 also
shows S (Serious) 4.16 descriptive rating, about respondents lacked of training in
the field of patrolling.

8. SOLUTIONS MAY BE PROPOSED TO ENHANCE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF


CITY ORDINANCE NOS. 15-19 CURFEW ON MINORS IN BARANGAY SAN
ANTONIO PARANAQUE CITY

Table 11 revealed R (Recommended) 3.16 overall weighted rating for the


solutions may proposed to enhance the implementation of city ordinance no. 15-19
curfew on minors in barangay san Antonio Paranaque City. Variable 1 shows R
(Recommended) 3.26 descriptive rating, for the fast and adequate respond to
barangay callouts the barangay should allocate sufficient fund. Variable 2 also
shows R (Recommended) 3.2 descriptive rating, for unworthy barangay officer,
should be removed and will not be tolerated for curfew is an important activity in
barangay. Variables 3,4,5 shows same R (Recommended) 3.3, 3.23, 2.83
descriptive rating, to conduct training, seminars, education, all for knowledge and
ideas regarding rights of minors and any other laws related to curfew.

CONCLUSIONS:

Based from the findings of the study the following conclusions are derived:
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5. Majority of the respondents were aged

6. As to the assessment of the respondents on the implementation of the city

ordinance 15-19 curfew on minors in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque City in

terms of procedure of arrest, handling arrested minors, patrol strategy. Table 7

(procedure of arrest) shows that all the variables revealed S.R. (Strongly

Recommended) descriptive rating, which means exemptions and procedures are

important. Table 8 (handling arrested minors) shows S.R. (Strongly

Recommended) 4.55 overall weighted mean, which revealed that privacy and

dignity of the minors should be preserved. Table 9 (patrol strategy) shows S.R.

(Strongly Recommended) 4.21 overall weighted mean, that all the variables in

the table are necessary in the conduct of patrol.

7. To the problems encountered in the implementation of city ordinance 15-19

(curfew on minors) in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque City. Table 10 revealed

the overall weighted mean of all the variables which is 4.11 S (Serious). With the

number 1 rank, V.S. (Very Serious) variable 3 in table 10 (respondents are

lacking of knowledge and awareness regarding on children’s rights) shows,

some or most of the respondents are lacking knowledge about curfew laws, and

rights of children, plus the laziness and being irresponsible (variable 5), and lack

of well trained personnel. Table 10 shows that it is not only the violation of minors
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and the under-resourced facilities that they are dealing with but also their co-

officers which give more difficulties in the conduct of curfew law in the barangay.

8. Table 11 shows 3.16 overall weighted mean R (Recommended), to the solutions

may be proposed to enhance the implementation of city ordinance 15-19 curfew

on minors in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque City regarding to the problems

encountered in the implementation. With the variable 3 in table 11 (conduct

regular education and awareness programs for the respondents regarding

on children’s rights) shows a number 1 rank (Recommended), which answer

the problem in table 10 variable 3, (respondents are lacking of knowledge and

awareness regarding on children’s rights). One of the most important factor in

the conduct of curfew on minors is that the respondents him/herself should be

equipped with the idea, awareness and the knowledge regarding on their field.

And also the barangay must allocate sufficient fund for more transport vehicles to

respond effectively and quickly to the barangay callouts which is the most

important thing in patrolling and responding

RECOMMENDATIONS
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Based from the conclusions the following recommendations are hereby

offered to enhance the implementation of city ordinance 15-19 section 19 curfew

on minors in Barangay San Antonio Paranaque City.

11. Additional training for Enforcers and Increased participation for residents.

12. Conduct of regular trainings and seminars to increase the knowledge of

barangay personnel in the implementation of curfew.

13. Provide additional and appropriate updated training for the implementers

of the city-wide curfew particularly for the enforcers.

14. Strictly observe the implementation of the Curfew on Minors.

15. Strict imposition of the mandatory community service to the Curfew on

minors.

16. Strengthen the information drive for the Curfew on Minors.

17. Provide training, symposium both for the enforcers and residents about

Children’s Rights.

18. Observe firm imposition of sanctions to curfew on minors violators.

19. Strictly tightened the qualifications for application for barangay police.
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20. Further, a similar study should be conducted in other barangay, cities and

municipalities in the country to validate the results and findings of this

study.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. BOOKS

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Bonnie, R. J., Johnson, R. L., Chemmers, B. M., &Schuck, J. A.

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Wilson, D. B., Gill, C., Olaghere, A., & McClure, D. (2016). Juvenile Curfew

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Criminology Department
Adriano JD. (2012) Philippines - Wasted youth in the Philippines. Asia Times

Online. Retrieved September 21, 2017 from

http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/MJ15Ae02.html

Social Weather Station (2016, Oct 3). Second Quarter 2016 Social Weather

Survey. Retrieved October 10 2017 from

https://www.sws.org.ph/swsmain/artcldisppage/?artcsyscode=ART-

20161003090031

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Title: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CITY ORDINANCE NO. 15-19 SECTION 19


(CURFEW ON MINORS) IN PARANAQUE CITY BASIS FOR A PROPOSAL
PATROL PLAN

Direction: Kindly answer the following questions by putting a check


mark (/) opposite each column, or you may write your answer on the blank
provided after each question.
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Name: ________________________ (Optional)

I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS

1. AGE:
___ 20 – 25 years old ___ 36 – 40 years old ___ 51 - 55 years old
___ 26 – 30 years old ___ 41 – 45 years old ___ 56 – 60 years old
___ 31 – 35 years old ___ 46 – 50 years old ___ 61 years old and
above

2. GENDER:
_____ Male _____ Female

3. Civil Status:
___ Married ___ Single ___ Separated ___Widow/Widower

4. Highest Educational Attainment


___ Elementary Level
___ Elementary Graduate
___ High School Level
___ High School Graduate
___ College Level
___ College Graduate

5. Position
___ Barangay Staff
___ Barangay Police
___ Barangay Peace maker
___ SPO1

6. Length of Service:
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______ 1 – 5 years
______ 6 – 10 years
______ 11 – 15 years
______ 16 – 20 years
______ 21 years and above

Part II. THE RESPONDENT’S ASSESSMENT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF

THE CITY ORDINANCE NO. 15-19 (CURFEW ON MINORS) IN BARANGAY

SAN ANTONIO, PARANAQUE CITY TOWARDS A SAFE COMMUNITY.

Numerical Ranking Descriptive Rating

5 Strongly Recommended

4 Recommended

3 Moderately Recommended

2 Less Recommended

1 Not Recommended

HOW THE RESPONDENTS ASSESSMENT THE


IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CITY ORDINANCE NO. 15-19 5 4 3 2 1
(CURFEW ON MINORS) IMPLEMENTATION OF CITY ORDINANCE
IN BARANGAY SAN ANTONIO, PARANAQUE CITY IN TERMS OF;

A. Procedure of arrest.
1.minors should be searched by barangay police officer ONLY of the
same gender.
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2. In case of bringing to barangay, minors should be separated from


adult offenders while being transported.

3. Minors should not be handcuffed , when such is not necessary.

B. Handling the arrested minors 5 4 3 2 1

1. Parents/Guardians will be called for information and support


purposes.
2. the women’s desk is always the one who handle all the situations
regarding to the issue.

3. All the procedures are done with UTMOST PRIVILEGE and all the
records involving them be considered CONFIDENTIAL.

C. Patrolling Strategy 5 4 3 2 1

1.The conduct of patrolling is not intended for curfew purposes only, it


is also for other purposes as well as preventing crimes, giving
information and assistance to the police, emergencies, etc.
2. The barangay police always conduct a pre-patrolling, 1hour
before the actual curfew hour, for warning and information purposes, if
there are minors loitering before the curfew hours.
3. The conduct of patrolling is always tailed by police officers.
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Part III. PROBLEMS AND DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN THE


IMPLEMENTATION OF CITY ORDINANCE NO. 15-19 CURFEW ON MINORS
IN BARANGAY SAN ANTONIO, PARANAQUE CITY.

Numerical Ranking Descriptive Rating


5 Very Serious
4 Serious
3 Moderately Serious
2 Less Serious
1 Not so Serious

WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN THE


IMPLEMENTATION OF CITY ORDINANCE NO. 15-19 5 4 3 2 1
CURFEW ON MINORS IN BARANGAY SAN ANTONIO,
PARANAQUE CITY
1. The Barangay isunder-resourced and the ability of the
barangay police to respond to the barangay callouts is
hampered by inadequate transport.
2. There are respondents which are alcoholic and attending
drunk.
3. Respondents are lacking of knowledge and awareness
regarding on children’s rights.
4. Lack of well trained personnel to provide special care for
arrested minors such as counseling which incorporates a
gender and human rights focus and prioritize women’s safety.
5. There are cases about Barangay Police, about their laziness
and sometimes forgetting their responsibilities that were
entrusted to them.
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Part IV. SOLUTIONS MAY BE PROPOSED TO ENHANCE THE


IMPLEMENTATION OF CITY ORDINANCE NOS. 15-19 CURFEW ON
MINORS IN BARANGAY SAN ANTONIO PARANAQUE CITY

Numerical Ranking Descriptive Rating


5 Strongly Recommended
4 Recommended
3 ModeratelyRecommended
2 Less Recommended
1 Not Recommended
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WHAT SOLUTIONS MAY BE PROPOSED TO ENHANCE
5 4 3 2 1
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CITY ORDINANCE NOS. 15-

19 CURFEW ON MINORS IN BARANGAY SAN ANTONIO

PARANAQUE CITY

1. Allocate sufficient fund in the implementation of Curfew on


Minors to respond effectively to barangay callout such as
adequate transport facility used in responding.

2. Barangay Police officer with Unworthy behaviours should


not be tolerated, and immediately remove this kind of officer.
3. Conduct regular education and awareness programs for the
respondents regarding on children’s rights.

4. Provide training seminars on the personnel regarding to the


special care and counseling of minors which incorporates a
gender and human rights focus and prioritize minors safety.
5. Conduct regular seminars, forum, meetings, which will remind
and give more motivations to the respondents, about how
important their responsibility is, in keeping the barangay safe.

Thank You Very Much!


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Criminology Department
Appendix B
LETTER OF REQUEST
December 14, 2018

Hon. LeopoldoCasale
Barangay Captain
Brgy. San Antonio Paranaque City

Dear Hon. Casale

Greetings!

The undersigned, fourth-year students taking up bachelor of Science in


Criminology at the Lyceum of Alabang is presently conducting a research entitled THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF CITY ORDINANCE NO. 15-19 SECTION 19 (CURFEW
ON MINORS) IN PARANAQUE CITY BASIS FOR A PROPOSAL PATROL
PLAN.
In view of above, they are respectfully requesting your kindest assistance to allow
them to conduct survey from your good office to have some data regarding the
Implementation of City Ordinance No. 15-19 section 19 (Curfew on Minors) in
Paranaque city.
Rest assured that the data to be provided by your office will be treated with
utmost confidentially and will be used for research purposes only.
Thank you very much.

Respectfully yours,

Researchers:

_____________________
Jefferson E. Dioso
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Criminology Department

_____________________
Christian Jay T. Tabion

_____________________
Jonathan B. Valenzona

Endorsed by:

Dr. Ryan T. Timbal


Dean of College of Criminology

Appendix C
References
ACADEMIA
www.academia.edu
Manila Standard
www.manilastandard.net
Google
www.google.com.ph
Scribd
www.scribd.com
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Appendix D

CURRICULLUM VITAE

DIOSO,JEFFERSON E.

Sucat, Paranaque City

Mobile No. 09759135893


Email Address: delfab09@gmail.com

CAREER OBJECTIVE:
I am seeking a competitive and challenging environment where I can
serve your organization and establish an enjoyable career for myself

Personal Information:

Date of Birth : may 14, 1995


Place of Birth : Negros
Age : 23
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Iglesia Ni Cristo
Father’s name : ErnestoDioso
Mother’s name : HerminiaDioso

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
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Tertiary Bachelor of Science in Criminology 2015 – 2019
Lyceum of Alabang
Muntinlupa City

Secondary Toboso National High School 2008 – 2013


Toboso Negros Occ.

Elementary Toboso Central School 2001 – 2007


Toboso Negros Occ.

CHARACTER REFERRENCE:

Mr. Gerardo N. Marinay


Dean, Criminology Department
Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
Contact no: 0916-621-0770

Mr.AngelioMalacad
Adviser, Lyceum of Alabang
Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
Contact no: 0932-846-9220

Mr. Gerardo Palmero


Adviser, Lyceum of Alabang

I hereby acknowledge that the above statements are true and correct to
the best of my knowledge and belief.

____________________
JEFFERSON E. DIOSO
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Criminology Department
CURRICULLUM VITAE

CHRISTIAN JAY T. TABION

Almanzauno, Las Pinas City


Mobile No. 09357380331
Email Address: cjtabion@gmail.com

CAREER OBJECTIVE:
I am seeking a competitive and challenging environment where I can
serve your organization and establish an enjoyable career for myself

Personal Information:

Date of Birth : May 27, 1999


Place of Birth : Isabela
Age : 19
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father’s name : Cornelio M. Tabion
Mother’s name : Jenny T. Tabion

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary Bachelor of Science in Criminology 2015 – 2019


Lyceum of Alabang
Muntinlupa City
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Criminology Department

Secondary San Roque Catholic School 2011 – 2015


Muntinlupa City

Elementary Almanza Elementary School 2005 – 2011


Las Pinas City

CHARACTER REFERRENCE:

Mr. Gerardo N. Marinay


Dean, Criminology Department
Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
Contact no: 0916-621-0770

Mr.AngelioMalacad
Adviser, Lyceum of Alabang
Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
Contact no: 0932-846-9220

Mr.Gerardo Palmero
Adviser, Lyceum of Alabang

I hereby acknowledge that the above statements are true and correct to
the best of my knowledge and belief.

_______________________
CHRISTIAN JAY T. TABION
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LYCEUM OF ALABANG
Criminology Department
CURRICULLUM VITAE

VALENZONA, JONATHAN B.

Brgy, Tunasan RMT Mahogany, Muntinlupa City


Mobile No. 09292333634
Email Address: jonathanvalenzona@yahoo.com

CAREER OBJECTIVE:
I am seeking a competitive and challenging environment where I can
serve your organization and establish an enjoyable career for myself and I will do
my best for my duty .

Personal Information:

Date of Birth : Nov 25,1998


Place of Birth : Taguig City
Age : 19
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father’s name : ReginoValenzona
Mother’s name : JuvyValenzona

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary Bachelor of Science in Criminology 2015 – 2019


Lyceum of Alabang Muntinlupa City
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Secondary Dr. Arcadio Santos National High


School 2011 – 2015

Elementary Academia De San Isidro Elementary


School 2005 – 2011

CHARACTER REFERRENCE:

Mr. Gerardo N. Marinay


Dean, Criminology Department
Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
Contact no: 0916-621-0770

Mr.AngelioMalacad
Adviser, Lyceum of Alabang
Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
Contact no: 0932-846-9220

Mr.Gerardo Palmero
Adviser, Lyceum of Alabang

I hereby acknowledge that the above statements are true and correct to
the best of my knowledge and belief.

_______________________
VALENZONA, JONATHAN B.

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