CHAPTER 5

ACCOUNTING FOR MERCHANDISING OPERATIONS

CHAPTER STUDY OBJECTIVES

1. Identify the differences between a service enterprise and a merchandiser. Because of

inventory, a merchandising company has sales revenue, cost of goods sold, and gross profit.
To account for inventory, a merchandiser must choose between a perpetual inventory system
and a periodic inventory system.
2. Explain the entries for purchases under a perpetual inventory system. The Merchandise
Inventory account is debited for all purchases of merchandise, for freight-in and other costs,
and is credited for purchase discounts and purchase returns and allowances.
3. Explain the entries for sales revenues under a perpetual inventory system. When
inventory is sold, Accounts Receivable (or Cash) is debited and Sales is credited for the
selling price of the merchandise. At the same time, Cost of Goods Sold is debited, and
Merchandise Inventory is credited for the cost of the inventory items sold.
4. Explain the steps in the accounting cycle for a merchandiser. Each of the required steps
in the accounting cycle for a service enterprise applies to a merchandiser. A work sheet is
again an optional step. Under a perpetual inventory system, the Merchandise Inventory
account must be adjusted to agree with the physical count.
5. Distinguish between a multiple-step and a single-step income statement. A multiple-
step income statement shows numerous steps in determining net income, including
nonoperating activities sections. In a single-step income statement, all data are classified
under two categories, revenues or expenses, and net income is determined by one step.
6. Explain the computation and importance of gross profit. Gross profit is computed by
subtracting cost of goods sold from net sales. Gross profit represents the merchandising profit
of a company. The amount and trend of gross profit are closely watched by management and
other interested parties.
a
7. Prepare a work sheet for a merchandiser. The steps for a merchandiser are the same as
they are for a service company. The unique accounts for a merchandiser are Merchandise
Inventory, Sales, Sales Returns and Allowances, Sales Discounts, and Cost of Goods Sold.
PURCHASE AND SALES RELATED JOURNAL ENTRY UNDER PERPETUAL AND
PERIODIC METHOD
Problem
Solution:
Problem: 2

Maine Department Store is located near the Village Shopping Mall. At the end of the
company’s calendar year on December 31, 2010, the following accounts appeared in
two of its trial balances.

Instructions
(a) Prepare a multiple-step income statement, an owner’s equity statement, and a
classified balance sheet. $20,000 of the mortgage payable is due for payment next
year.
(b) Journalize the adjusting entries that were made.
(c) Journalize the closing entries that are necessary.
Solution:
Problem: 3

The adjusted trial balance of Wynn Book Company appears below.

Instructions
Using the information given, prepare the year-end closing entries.

WYNN BOOK COMPANY

Adjusted Trial Balance
December 31, 2002

Debit Credit
Cash 32,000
Accounts Receivable 15,000
Merchandise Inventory 35,000
Building 150,000
Accumulated Depreciation—
Building 20,000
Accounts Payable 12,000
Wynn, Capital 149,000
Wynn, Drawing 10,000
Sales 275,000
Sales Discounts 6,000
Sales Returns & Allowances 8,000
Cost of Goods Sold 163,000
Selling Expenses 18,000
Administrative Expenses 19,000
456,000 456,000

Solution
Dec. 31 Sales ............................................................................... 275,000
Income Summary ....................................................... 275,000
(To close credit balance accounts)

31 Income Summary ................................................................ 214,000

Sales Discounts ......................................................... 6,000
Sales Returns and Allowances ................................... 8,000
Cost of Goods Sold .................................................... 163,000
Selling Expense ......................................................... 18,000
Administrative Expense .............................................. 19,000
(To close accounts with debit balances)

31 Income Summary ................................................................ 61,000

Wynn, Capital ............................................................. 61,000
(To transfer net income to capital)

31 Wynn, Capital ..................................................................... 10,000

Wynn, Drawing ........................................................... 10,000
(To close drawing account to capital)
Ex.
(a) Bell Company purchased merchandise on account from Office Suppliers for $85,000, with
terms of 2/10, n/30. During the discount period, Bell returned some merchandise and paid
$73,500 as payment in full. Bell uses a perpetual inventory system. Prepare the journal
entries that Bell Company made to record:
(1) the purchase of merchandise.
(2) the return of merchandise.
(3) the payment on account.

(b) Ace Company sold merchandise to Vance Company on account for $63,000 with credit
terms of ?/10, n/30. The cost of the merchandise sold was $42,000. During the discount
period, Vance Company returned $3,000 of merchandise and paid its account in full (minus
the discount) by remitting $59,400 in cash. Both companies use a perpetual inventory
system. Prepare the journal entries that Ace Company made to record:
(1) the sale of merchandise.
(2) the return of merchandise.
(3) the collection on account.

Solution
(a) To compute the amount due after returns but before the discount, divide $73,500 by .98
(100% – 2%).
$73,500 ÷ .98 = $75,000.
Subtract $75,000 from $85,000 to determine that $10,000 of merchandise was returned.

(1) Merchandise Inventory ........................................................ 85,000

Accounts Payable ...................................................... 85,000

(2) Accounts Payable ............................................................... 10,000

Merchandise Inventory ............................................... 10,000

(3) Accounts Payable ............................................................... 75,000

Merchandise Inventory ............................................... 1,500
Cash .......................................................................... 73,500

(b) Vance Company returns $3,000 of merchandise and owes $60,000 to Ace Company.
$59,400 ÷ $60,000 = .99
100% – 99% = 1%
The missing discount percentage is 1%. $60,000 × 1% = $600 sales discount.
$60,000 – $600 = $59,400 cash received on account.

(1) Accounts Receivable .......................................................... 63,000

Sales .......................................................................... 63,000

Cost of Goods Sold.............................................................. 42,000

Merchandise Inventory................................................ 42,000

(2) Sales Returns and Allowances ........................................... 3,000

Accounts Receivable .................................................. 3,000

Merchandise Inventory $3,000 × ($42,000 ÷ $63,000)......... 2,000

Cost of Goods Sold..................................................... 2,000
(3) Cash ................................................................................... 59,400
Sales Discounts .................................................................. 600
Accounts Receivable .................................................. 60,000
Ex.
The following information is available for Sealy Company:

Debit Credit
Sealy, Capital $ 50,000
Sealy, Drawing $ 42,000
Sales 490,000
Sales Returns and Allowances 20,000
Sales Discounts 7,000
Cost of Goods Sold 327,000
Freight-out 2,000
Advertising Expense 15,000
Interest Expense 19,000
Store Salaries Expense 45,000
Utilities Expense 18,000
Depreciation Expense 7,000
Interest Revenue 25,000

Instructions
Using the above information, prepare the closing entries for Sealy Company.

Solution
Dec. 31 Interest Revenue ................................................................ 25,000
Sales ................................................................................... 490,000
Income Summary ....................................................... 515,000

31 Income Summary ................................................................ 460,000

Sales Returns and Allowances ................................... 20,000
Sales Discounts ......................................................... 7,000
Cost of Goods Sold .................................................... 327,000
Freight-out .................................................................. 2,000
Store Salaries Expense .............................................. 45,000
Interest Expense ........................................................ 19,000
Advertising Expense .................................................. 15,000
Utilities Expense ........................................................ 18,000
Depreciation Expense ................................................ 7,000

31 Income Summary ................................................................ 55,000

Sealy, Capital ............................................................. 55,000

31 Sealy, Capital ...................................................................... 42,000

Sealy, Drawing ........................................................... 42,000
Ex.
The adjusted trial balance of Pratt Company contained the following information:
Debit Credit
Sales $550,000
Sales Returns and Allowances $ 20,000
Sales Discounts 7,000
Cost of Goods Sold 366,000
Freight-out 2,000
Advertising Expense 15,000
Interest Expense 18,000
Store Salaries Expense 50,000
Utilities Expense 18,000
Depreciation Expense 7,000
Interest Revenue 25,000

Instructions
1. Use the above information to prepare a multiple-step income statement for the year ended
December 31, 2002.

Solution
1. PRATT COMPANY
Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 2002
Sales revenues
Sales ....................................................................... $550,000
Less: Sales returns and allowances ...................... $ 20,000
Sales discounts ........................................... 7,000 27,000
Net sales ................................................................. 523,000
Cost of goods sold................................................... 366,000
Gross profit.............................................................. 157,000
Operating expenses
Selling expenses
Freight-out.................................................... $ 2,000
Advertising expense..................................... 15,000
Store salaries expense................................. 50,000
Total selling expenses............................. 67,000
Administrative expenses
Utilities expense........................................... 18,000
Depreciation expense................................... 7,000
Total administrative expenses................. 25,000
Total operating expenses.................. 92,000
Income from operations............................................ 65,000
Other revenues and gains
Interest revenue................................................. 25,000
Other expenses and losses
Interest expense................................................. 18,000 7,000
Net income .......................................................... $ 72,000
 EXERCISES
Ex
On October 1, Taylor Bicycle Store had an inventory of 20 ten speed bicycles at a cost of $200
each. During the month of October, the following transactions occurred.

Oct. 4 Purchased 20 bicycles at a cost of $200 each from Kuhn Bicycle Company, terms
2/10, n/30.

6 Sold 10 bicycles to Team America for $300 each, terms 2/10, n/30.

7 Received credit from Kuhn Bicycle Company for the return of 2 defective bicycles.

13 Issued a credit memo to Team America for the return of a defective bicycle.

14 Paid Kuhn Bicycle Company in full, less discount.

Instructions
Prepare the journal entries to record the transactions assuming the company uses a perpetual
inventory system.

Solution
Oct. 4 Merchandise Inventory ........................................................ 4,000
Accounts Payable ...................................................... 4,000

6 Accounts Receivable .......................................................... 3,000

Sales .......................................................................... 3,000

Cost of Goods Sold ............................................................. 2,000

Merchandise Inventory ............................................... 2,000

7 Accounts Payable ............................................................... 400

Merchandise Inventory ............................................... 400

13 Sales Returns and Allowances ........................................... 300

Accounts Receivable .................................................. 300

Merchandise Inventory ........................................................ 200

Cost of Goods Sold .................................................... 200

14 Accounts Payable ($4,000 – $400) ..................................... 3,600

Cash ($3,600×.98).................................................... 3,528
Merchandise Inventory ($3,600×.02) ........................ 72
Ex.
(a) Bell Company purchased merchandise on account from Office Suppliers for $85,000, with
terms of 2/10, n/30. During the discount period, Bell returned some merchandise and paid
$73,500 as payment in full. Bell uses a perpetual inventory system. Prepare the journal
entries that Bell Company made to record:
(1) the purchase of merchandise.
(2) the return of merchandise.
(3) the payment on account.

(b) Ace Company sold merchandise to Vance Company on account for $63,000 with credit
terms of ?/10, n/30. The cost of the merchandise sold was $42,000. During the discount
period, Vance Company returned $3,000 of merchandise and paid its account in full (minus
the discount) by remitting $59,400 in cash. Both companies use a perpetual inventory
system. Prepare the journal entries that Ace Company made to record:
(1) the sale of merchandise.
(2) the return of merchandise.
(3) the collection on account.

Solution
(a) To compute the amount due after returns but before the discount, divide $73,500 by .98
(100% – 2%).
$73,500 ÷ .98 = $75,000.
Subtract $75,000 from $85,000 to determine that $10,000 of merchandise was returned.

(1) Merchandise Inventory ........................................................ 85,000

Accounts Payable ...................................................... 85,000

(2) Accounts Payable ............................................................... 10,000

Merchandise Inventory ............................................... 10,000

(3) Accounts Payable ............................................................... 75,000

Merchandise Inventory ............................................... 1,500
Cash .......................................................................... 73,500

(b) Vance Company returns $3,000 of merchandise and owes $60,000 to Ace Company.
$59,400 ÷ $60,000 = .99
100% – 99% = 1%
The missing discount percentage is 1%. $60,000 × 1% = $600 sales discount.
$60,000 – $600 = $59,400 cash received on account.

(1) Accounts Receivable .......................................................... 63,000

Sales .......................................................................... 63,000

Cost of Goods Sold.............................................................. 42,000

Merchandise Inventory................................................ 42,000

(2) Sales Returns and Allowances ........................................... 3,000

Accounts Receivable .................................................. 3,000

Merchandise Inventory $3,000 × ($42,000 ÷ $63,000)......... 2,000

Cost of Goods Sold..................................................... 2,000
(3) Cash ................................................................................... 59,400
Sales Discounts .................................................................. 600
Accounts Receivable .................................................. 60,000