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SPE 18831
This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE Production Operations Symposium held in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, March 13-14, 1989.
This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee following review of information.contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper,
as presented, have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect
any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, its officers, or members. Papers presented at SPE meetings are subject to publication review by Editorial Committees of the Society
of Petroleum Engineers. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment
of where and by whom the paper is presented. Write Publications Manager, SPE, P.O. Box 833836, Richardson, TX 75083-3836. Telex, 730989 SPEDAL.
The 1199 foot-pound force exerted on top of the transferred out of the pump into the tubing.
pump when "banging bottom" causes the sucker
rods to buckle to absorb the shock. This Impact velocities and energy for various spring
buckling causes the sucker rods to fatigue and designs are shown in Figure No. 3.
break and the sucker rod boxes to slap the
inside of the tubing, rubbing holes or causing NOMENCLATURE
the tubing to split.
A = Plunger area (inches squared)
Work-over rigs and pump repairs are not the only
expenses incurred by "banging bot tom". The D = Depth of well (feet)
hydrostatic loads in the tubing change
frequently causing stretching and shrinking of Dd = Density of fluid
the sucker rods. Consequently, many man hours
are spent raising and lowering the pump in an F = Force
effort to lightly tap bottom. Also to be
considered is the production lost while the pump Ff = Fluid load
is gas locked.
K = Spring constant
The calculations in Example No. 2 show that the
internal, controlled bumping of the tool causes KE = Kinetic energy
no damage to the pump, sucker rods, tubing and
gear box. L = Plunger traveling distance
EXAMPLE NO. 2 M = Mass
8000' well, 1 1/4" diameter plunger, 100" P = Gas pressure (psi)
stroke, 10 spm, with tool installed in pump
PE = Potential energy
Compressed gas in the barrel has a spring
constant - K. spm = Strokes per minute
2p V Impact velocity
K = 1. 4A V . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . ( 4)
v
Vv = Gas volume (inches cubed)
The force due to compressed gas at mean pressure
is:
F = 1.4A
2
~ (~) . (5)
v
PE-- 2 2 kx • • • • • (6)
= i(600)(0.5) 2
75.0 in.-lb.
This potential energy will be converted into
kinetic energy when the tool is released. At
impact the tool travels at the following
velocity:
v _/2(75.0) . . . . . . • . . . . . . . (7)
- 1/386 •
= 240 in./sec.
At this high speed of impact, the traveling ball
is unseated, allowing compressed gas to be
116
''. SPE 188 3.1
Spring
1/2"
Upstroke
t Downstroke
~
Fig. 1-Tool schematic.
117
SEE 18831
Downhole Pressures
1000 PSI 500 PSI 250 PSI
0 4000
Sl
...1
a)
,~
cao 3000
4)~
l:0
UCD
iCJ
_,
U)CD 2000
00
... 0
'Oep
>.._
l:a.
E 1000
0
0
ell
0 20 40 60 80 100
Plunger Travelling Distance, Inches
Fig. 2
Kinetic Energy
118