FREE ENERGY GENERATOR

INTRODUCTION

AC electric generator which lights up light bulb.

Generator is made from hollow-ended cardboard box with a nail through center of the box.
Box has many turns of varnished thin copper wire wrap around with four magnets clamped
around the nail.
When nail and magnets are spinned fast by hand little light bulb lights up slightly.
Here use of strong magnets and many fine wire and special light bulb which needs 1/2 volt.
Make a "commutator" and hook wires directly to bulb.
It's a very easy but the generator will produce AC

This can be done within only 2 hours.

NEED

We may need to use some cardboard, a bit of hot glue, a ruler, a pencil, some scissors to make
holes in the cardboard, a light bulb, a light bulb holder, a magnet and some copper wire.

METHOD

Make a box with the cardboard and use the hot glue to stick the pieces together, then use the
scissors to make holes on both sides of the box and then put a nail in the box.

Now glue the magnet and the nail together but don't make it in such a way that the nail cannot
rotate and still it should fit well in the box.

Now wind some copper wire around the box and then connect the two end of the wires to the two
ends of the light bulb holder and just spin the nail and then the light bulb should light up.
Take help of your teachers to make a working model of Hope's apparatus and perform the
experiment.
Verify the result you obtain

INTRODUCTION
Hope’s apparatus is an instrument which can be used to do experiment on concentration of water
by heat at low temperature.

Hope’s apparatus was invented by a chemistry professor of Edinburgh University, Thomas

Charles Hope. He invented the instrument and concluded that the water has maximum density at
four degree Celsius with the experiment done with the help of that instrument.

The hop’s apparatus consist of a cylindrical glass tube encircled with a freezing mixture at its
half-way up.

Aim--The goal of this experiment is to demonstrate that between the temperatures 0 °C and 4 °C,
the density of water increases with increasing temperature.

NEED
Hope used a glass cylinder with thermometers at the top and the bottom an with some freezing
mixture which helped.

METHOD

1. At least one hour before conducting the experiment, we fill one beaker with water and put it
into a fridge. We do the same with an empty Hope's device. This way, we will precool the
necessary parts of the experiment.

2. Right before the experiment itself, we prepare the cooling mixture using crushed ice and
kitchen salt; the procedure is described in detail in the experiment ,cooling mixture of water ice
and salt.It is appropriate to have a thermometer to control the temperature of the mixture.

3. After a thorough cooling we take Hope's device out of the fridge, isolate it from the pad (e.g.
with a styrofoam plate) and insert the thermometers into both holes.

4. We pour the precooled water into the inner cylinder. The thermometers should now show the
same temperature. If a measurement in time is available, we start it now.

5. Now we fill the reservoir with the cooling mixture. After that we simply observe the
development of temperatures measured by both thermometers.

CONCLUSION -----Hope to mark his findings that the water that is colder moves downward
since the thermometers at the bottom showed a very low temperature as opposed to the
thermometers at the top of the cylinder.

With this he also showed that water is at its maximum density at 4 degrees Celsius.