Facts and Figures 2010 Report

Facts and Figures 2010
Facts and Figures:

The European chemical industry
in a worldwide perspective:
2010
For more information please contact

Dr. Moncef Hadhri: mha@cefic.be Unless specified, chemicals industry excludes pharmaceuticals 1
Unless specified, EU refers to EU 27
Chapter 1 Profile of the Chemical Industry
1.1 World chemicals sales
The European chemical industry can still be portrayed as vibrant and strong.
However, worldwide competition is getting fiercer. In 2008, world chemicals sales
were valued at €1950 billion, an increase of nearly 5% compared to the previous
year. With €566 billion, the EU chemical industry is still in a top position, but has lost
its first place in the ranking to Asia, mainly due to the rise of China. Taken together,
the EU, Asia and NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) account for 88.6% of
world turnover.

1.2 World chemicals sales (cont’d)
1.2 World chemicals sales by region: 1998 versus 2008
1998: € 1095 billion 2008: € 1950 billion
Source: Cefic Chemdata International, *Asia

excluding China, Japan and India
Developments in the previous 10 years (1998-2008) show that the EU was the
leader in world chemicals sales but has gradually lost ground against Asia.
Comparing 2008 to 1998, the contribution of the EU to world chemical sales was
reduced by 4.8 percentage points. In fact, Europe’s sales have been growing
continuously, but world chemical sales are growing faster. The value of word
chemicals sales increased by 78% in 2008 compared to 1998.

1.3 World network of chemicals trade flows
1.3 Regional shares in world exports and imports of chemicals
Source: Cefic Chemdata International, intra EU trade included
In 2008, the key trading regions were the EU, Asia (including China and Japan) and
NAFTA. The EU was the world's leading exporter and importer of chemicals,
accounting for 42% of global trade (exports + imports). This includes intra EU trade,
mainly for reasons of comparison with other regions, as their figures include this
trade as well.

1.4 Geographic breakdown of EU chemical industry sales
Germany is still the largest chemicals producer in Europe, followed by France, UK

and Italy. Together, those four countries generate 62% of the EU’s chemicals sales
(€351 billion). Adding the Netherlands, Spain, Belgium and Ireland raises the share
to 88% (€498 billion). Poland is the biggest new EU country, representing 2.3% of
total EU chemicals sales.

1.5 Sectoral breakdown of EU chemical industry sales
Chart 1.5: Sectoral breakdown of EU chemicals industry sales: 2002 versus 2008
Data Source: Cefic Chemdata International.
The output of the EU chemicals industry covers three wide ranges of products: base
chemicals, speciality chemicals, and consumer chemicals.
• Base chemicals cover petrochemicals and derivatives and basic inorganics.

They are produced in large volumes, and are sold to the chemical industry
itself or to other industries. In 2002, they represented 58% of total EU
chemicals sales. In 2008, that share increased to 64%.
• Specialty chemicals cover the auxiliaries for industry, paints & inks, crop
protection, and dyes and pigments. Specialty chemicals are produced in small
volumes but nevertheless represented 23% of total EU chemicals sales in
2008.
• Finally, consumer chemicals are sold to final consumers: soaps and

detergents, perfumes and cosmetics. They represented 13% of total EU
chemicals sales in 2008.

1.6 EU chemical industry sales structure
EU chemicals sales were estimated at €456 billion in 2009. Sales to EU partner

countries have more than doubled over the last fifteen years (1995-2009). The
European internal market has thus had a very positive effect on chemicals.
Removing both trade and non-trade barriers inside the EU area has been a key
driver for the growth and competitiveness of the EU chemicals industry. The internal
market of about 500 million consumers is a key factor of competitiveness. With the
accession of the ten new Member States the internal market has received an
important push.

1.7 EU chemical industry sales structure (in %)
By 2009, nearly half of sales were intra EU (excluding domestic sales). While intra
EU sales are rising, the importance of domestic sales is decreasing, accounting only
for 26% of EU sales. 26% of chemicals sales are exported outside of the EU area.
NAFTA, neighbour countries of the EU and Asia are the key markets.

1.8 Added value in EU chemicals and other manufacturing sectors
Chemicals is the second leading manufacturing sector (after pharmaceuticals) in

terms of "value added per employee" in Europe, followed by “basic metals” and
“radio, television and communication”, “automotives” and “office machinery and
computers” (data 2006). The chemical industry’s value added per employee is 84%
higher than the average of manufacturing sectors.

1.9 The EU manufacturing industry: gross operating surplus/ turnover
With regard to its gross operating profit, chemicals compares favourably to other
manufacturing sectors as well. The ratio of gross operating profits to sales is the 8th
highest in industry and is well above the manufacturing average.

1.10 Contribution of the chemical industry to the EU economy
The chemical industry's contribution to the EU gross domestic product amounts to

1.1%. This may seem small at first sight, but should be re-assessed taking into
consideration both the shrinking contribution of industry as a whole to GDP in
advanced economies (23.7% in 1995 versus 17.6% in 2009 in the EU) along with a
rise in services. Additionally, there is a wide contribution of chemical products into all
branches of the economy; for example in Germany chemicals are the most important
supplier of innovative materials for the industry. Chemicals represent 10% of the
supply of input and intermediary products and they show an above average R&D
content.
1.10 Contribution of the chemicals industry to the EU economy (2009)
Data Source: Cefic Chemdata International and Eurostat, *Public administration and defence, compulsory social security; education; health
and social work; other community, social and personal service activities; private households with employed persons, ** Wholesale and
retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods; hotels and restaurants; transport, storage and
communication, ***Financial intermediation, real estate, renting and business activities

1.11 The EU chemical industry: number of enterprises, sales and employment

by size-class
The EU chemical industry comprises 29 000 enterprises (data covering firms with no
employees are excluded), 96% of which have less than 250 employees and may be
considered as small and medium sized enterprises. These account for 28% of sales
and 35% of employment. Only 4% of the EU enterprises employ more than 249
employees and generate 72% of total chemicals sales.

1.12 Public image of the European chemical industry
In a pan- European poll on the image of the EU chemical industry, chemicals in 2008
are in 6th position out of 8 benchmark industries and rank below the average. Apart
from Nuclear Energy which registered a slight improvement, most sectors
experienced no significant changes or followed in some cases a negative trend such
as Food, Electricity and Petrol/Oil. The image of the chemical industry in 2008 is still
at the same level as in 2006. This result is also in line with the average of all
industries where no improvement has been perceived during the last two years.

Chapter 2 International Trade
2.1 External trade of EU chemicals
The EU has always been an important player in the global chemicals market and so
far it has been in a position to benefit from trade opportunities. In 2009, the EU
generated an extra-EU trade surplus of euro 42.6 billion, which represents about
euro 3.4 billion more compared to 2008. As a consequence of the economic crisis,
extra-EU chemical exports declined by 13.3% while imports to the non-EU area fell
by 16.8%.

2.2 Extra-EU chemicals trade (exports + imports) by region: 1999 versus 2009
1999: € 128 billion 2009: € 191 billion
2.3%
14.3%
29.9%
27.5%
17.0% 27.2%
7.7%
4.8% 4.8%
19.9%
1.6% 5.3%
5.4%
5.4%
NAFTA Latin America

25.6% 1.3%
Africa Oceania
Rest of Europe Japan
Asia* Others
Source: Eurostat and Cefic, *Asia excluding Japan
Extra-EU chemicals trade (exports + imports) in 2009 was mainly attributable to

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area), (27.5%), Asia excluding Japan (27.2%),
and other European countries (not belonging to the EU27) (25.6%). Taken together,
NAFTA, Asia and Rest of Europe contributed in 2009 to 80.3% of the extra-EU
chemicals trade. Comparing 2009 to 1999, the contribution of the three main
partners of the EU increased by 13.5% points (from 66.8% to 80.3%).

2.3 Extra-EU chemicals trade flows with major geographic blocs
EU chemicals trade flows in € billion 19.5 Rest of

Europe
29.5
20.5
NAFTA
32.2 22.5
Asia*
29.6
3.1
LAC**
7.0 5.1
Japan
5.3
2.4
Africa 1.4 Rest of
8.0 5.4 the World
The three major geographic blocs trading with the European Union in 2009 were
North America, Asia (excluding Japan) and Rest of Europe. Rest of Europe plays a
major role. The EU has a surplus with each main trading region (NAFTA, Asia,
Japan, Latin America, Africa, Rest of Europe and Africa) and has broadly retained its
market share in global chemicals sales over the last decade. However, the Trade
Competitiveness Indicator (TCI) - an indicator that compares the trade balance to the
total trade (exports plus imports) of a region - reveals a deteriorating competitiveness
of the overall EU chemicals industry since 2003. This means that imports are
growing faster than exports.

2.4 Sectoral breakdown of EU chemicals trade surplus
In 2009, the trade surplus amounted to €42.6 billion. Consumer chemicals

accounted for 32% of the EU chemicals trade surplus with a trade surplus of €13.5,
billion. With €13.4 billion, specialty chemicals are the second strongest sector on the
world markets, followed by petrochemicals (€9.1 billion) and polymers (€7.6 billion).
Basic inorganics is the only sector with a trade deficit of €1 billion.
The sectoral analysis shows specialty chemicals and consumer chemicals continue
losing ground. The trade surplus in these sectors decreased by (7.5%) and (6.2%)
respectively in 2009 compared to 2008. However, petrochemicals and polymers
registered an increase in their trade surplus of 38% and 31% respectively in 2009.

2.5 EU trade competitive analysis broken down by region
A look at the EU’s trade balance in relation to a number of key countries and regions
shows that the position is deteriorating with certain key countries in Asia for almost
all sub-sectors. India and China are the only two countries with which the EU
currently has a trade deficit for chemicals in overall.
Trade development with the Middle East indicates that this region increasingly uses
its feedstock availability to develop an integrated chemicals value chain and to
strengthen its position in a wider range of basic chemicals. Russia has up to now
only been successful in using its competitive advantage regarding raw materials in
base chemicals.
EU has a trade deficit and its EU has a trade surplus but its positive
competitive position weakened
competitive position weakened
EU has a trade deficit but its weak EU has a trade surplus and its healthy
competitive position improved competitive position improved
The trade position of certain important sub-sectors, in particular the raw material and
energy -intensive parts of the chemicals industry, namely basic organics such as
petrochemicals, and basic inorganics such as fertilizers, shows signs of serious
erosion. Their global competitive position is at risk.

International trade is vital for growth and employment of the European chemicals
industry. The industry has placed itself at the centre of global trade and thus
depends vitally on open markets. As growth is concentrated in the emerging
economies, favourable access to these markets is of high importance.


Chapter 3 Growth of the Chemical Industry
3.1 Growth of production, trade and consumption
Over the years 2004-2009, chemicals sales and consumption registered no

significant growth, (0.3% versus 0.1%). The average growth rate of imports over the
last five years (2.5%) exceeded slightly that of exports (2.2%).

3.2 Chemicals growth performance against total industry
In addition to providing for customers' present needs, the chemical industry is

constantly developing new and improved products and processes, creating and
serving completely new markets. This enables other industries to be more efficient
and productive by using more effective substitute materials and products. Chemicals
serve as input into essentially all sectors of the economy, and consequently depend
on their economic performance. In the period 1999-2009, the chemical industry had
an average growth rate of 0.4%, which is slightly higher than the average growth rate
of total manufacturing (0.3%). Both averages were too low as compared to the long
term averages. These are the consequences of the year 2009 where production was
dramatically declined compared to the pre-crisis level.

3.3 EU chemicals production growth: latest trend and outlook
The EU chemicals industry was affected strongly by the spill-over effects of the
economic and financial crisis. The magnitude of the economic crisis (which has
started during the second half of 2008) was much more severe than expected and
many companies were certainly not expecting such a dramatic downturn. Chemical
companies are experiencing strong pressure on margins due in particular to the lack
of demand from customers and weak consumer spending. Moreover, the European
chemicals industry is facing additional pressure from its competitors outside Europe
and mainly from the Middle East where new petrochemical capacity is built-up and
very likely a large proportion of its output will find its way into European markets.
All in all, the European chemicals industry reached its lowest point in December
2008, and since that time, production has been dragging along posting mild growth
each month at best, but remains sharply down compared to last year's figures
(2008). Output in the EU chemicals industry experienced a decline of 11.3% in 2009
compared to 2008.
Looking ahead: Cefic forecasts a year-on-year production growth of 9.5% for 2010
and 2% in 2011 (Source, Economic Outlook, June 2010).

Basic chemicals sectors are now registering the fastest rebounds, but in all cases
chemicals output* remains well below previous levels. Growth in chemicals
production has continued more strongly and for longer than was expected at the time
of our November 2009 forecast. However, the overall economic recovery in Europe
remains fragile. Consequently, Cefic still expects a pause in the rate of growth of
most commodity chemicals sectors, since underlying market demand must be
rebuilt: a recovery built on inventory corrections alone is not sustainable.
Surveys also indicate that capacity utilisation within the industry remains well below
normal levels. There remain significant uncertainties in the economic environment.
Any defaults on sovereign debt could trigger renewed problems for those banks
whose loans turned bad, and the chemicals sector would be sensitive to the further
economic shocks resulting from such a scenario.
The development of the EU chemicals industry will also depend on the effectiveness
of consolidation measures taken within EU countries. The European chemicals
industry continues to face relentless global competition. Access to raw materials and
energy at globally competitive prices remains a prerequisite for a successful
recovery.

3.4 International comparison of production growth of the chemical industry
Over the past five years (2004-2009), the EU chemical industry showed the lowest
growth rate compared to the biggest world regions and it is, with -1.4%, well below
the world average growth of chemicals of 1.7%. Asia Pacific region is booming, with
average growth rates in chemicals of 5.2% over the past five years. Asia is heavily
influenced by the extraordinary performance of the Chinese chemicals sector and a
booming economy and industrial sector.

3.5 International comparison of production growth of the chemical industry

(cont’d)
The long-term trend shows that also over the years (1999-2009), the European
chemical industry showed the lowest growth (0.1%), whereas Asia Pacific (4.9%)
and Latin America (2.5%) started their steep rise several years ago.

3.6 International comparison of sales of the chemical industry
In 2008, The 30 major countries had a combined sales turnover of € 1793 billion.
Eleven of the top 30 world chemicals majors countries are Asian and generated a
chemicals sales of euro 709 billion, which represents nearly 40% of the top 30 and
36% of world chemicals share. Nine of the top 30 are members of the European
Union (27), representing 26% of world chemicals sales.

Chapter 4 Costs
4.1. Cost structure
In 2006, purchases by the EU chemical industry accounted for 76.3% of the sales
value (covering both trading and other purchases costs). Among purchases, it is
possible to single out the costs of trading. Trading represents the cost of chemicals
purchased from third parties and resold in their original condition, and amounts to
6.7% of the sales value.
Other purchases costs accounted for some 69.6% of the chemicals sales value, and
they cover energy costs and other production costs. It needs to be underlined that
energy costs from the purchase of feedstock and fuel and power represent a key
factor in cost competitiveness of the EU chemicals industry. Certain sub sectors are
much more sensitive to energy cost as for them it represents a more important input
factor - for example the Chlor Alkali industry.
The remaining 23.7% constitutes the gross value added of the sector, which
comprises gross operating surplus (11.2%) and payroll (12.5%). The gross operating
surplus is defined as profits before taxes, financial charges and depreciation.

4.2 Labour cost per employee and productivity
The payroll accounts for a significant share of chemicals production costs (12.5%)
and is therefore a major factor in competitiveness. Labour cost per employee in the
EU chemical industry has increased by an average 3.3% per annum over the years
(1999-2009). People in the chemical industry are highly qualified and the chemical
industry redistributes part of its profit to its employees through competitive salaries.

4.3 Labour cost per employee and productivity
Productivity of EU chemicals is still increasing at a significant pace 2.2% on an

average over the years (1999-2009) - and is therefore rising 1.1% slower than the
labour cost per employee. The modest average of labour productivity over the past
ten years is considerably affected by the economic and financial crisis which started
in 2008. The year 2009 was really dramatic for the EU chemicals industry when
production declined by 11.3% compared to 2008. Skipping 2009, the analysis shows
that labour productivity and labour cost per employee are increasing relatively at the
same rate (3.3%).

Chapter 5 Energy
5.1 Energy use by source
The chemical industry upgrades energy and raw materials into products required by
other industrial sectors as well as by final consumers. The cost of these inputs is a
prime factor in competitiveness on world markets.
From the energy sector, it consumes coal, oil products, natural gas, electricity and
renewables, using them both as raw materials (feedstock) and as power and fuel. In
2007, the European chemical industry (including pharmaceuticals) used a total of
138.7 million tonnes of oil equivalent (TOE) of energy. Feedstock accounted for
almost 61% of total energy products and fuel and power for nearly 40%, taking all
sources of energy into account. This means that most of the energy used by the
chemical industry as feedstock is stored in the products and can still be reused,
through recycling (Chart5.1).
Regarding other raw materials, the chemical industry also uses a wide variety of
natural or processed starting materials, e.g. metals, minerals and agricultural raw
materials (sugar, starch, fats, etc.).

5.2 Efficiency in energy consumption
For many years, the EU chemical industry (including pharmaceuticals) has made
strenuous efforts to improve energy efficiency, reducing its fuel and power energy
consumption per unit of production. In 2007, energy consumption per unit of
production in the chemical industry (including pharmaceuticals) -energy intensity-
was 55% lower than in 1990 (Chart 5.2).

Energy efficiency is subject to decreasing returns: the higher the level of energy
efficiency attained, the more difficult it becomes to make further improvements.
However, over the last 17 years the chemical industry has succeeded in increasing
continuously its output and at the same time keeping its energy input constant, and
consequently lowered its energy intensity significantly by 4.6% per year on average.
Chart 5.3 shows that energy intensity in the US chemicals industry has been
reduced over the past seventeen years (1990-2007) but not as much as in Europe
(-1.9% per year on average)

Chapter 6 Employment
6.1 Employment
In the EU, some 29,000 chemical companies employ a total staff of about 1.205
million. Employment in the EU chemical industry has decreased by 2% over the past
10 years (1999-2009). Employment in the USA has experienced a steeper decline
for chemicals over the same period with a decrease of 2.9%.

6.2 Labour productivity
The EU chemical industry is a leading industry with high skills and productivity, due
to high investment per employee and highly educated and trained employees. As a
consequence, labour productivity in the EU chemical industry rose by 2.2% p.a. over
the period 1999-2009.

6.3 Investment per employee and personnel costs
Investment per employee and personnel cost are two important factors for the
international competitiveness of the European chemical industry. The equipment of
workplaces in the chemical industry is top quality and investment per employee is
rather high-double the manufacturing average. Chemicals are the first manufacturing
sector in terms of investment per employee.

6.4 Investment per employee and personnel costs (cont’d)
Additionally, the labour force employed in the chemical industry is more qualified,
trained and better paid than the average industrial worker. Personnel costs for the
EU chemical industry are 47% higher than the average of other manufacturing
sectors. After pharmaceuticals, chemicals is the second leading sector in terms of
labour cost per employee followed by the “automotive” and “other transparent
equipment” sectors.

6.5 Labour productivity: Chemical industry versus total manufacturing
Due to intensifying global competition, the EU chemical industry has taken vigorous
restructuring and cost-saving steps in order to improve its competitiveness over the
last decade. As a consequence, labour productivity in the chemical industry is
growing faster than labour productivity in the total manufacturing sector: 2.2% and
1.6% average annual growth 1999-2009 respectively.

6.6 Level of education of workers in the chemical industry
Employees with medium and high education account for around 80% of workers in
the chemical industry (data 2005). While the percentage of people with lower and
medium education has been decreasing since 2001, workers with a high level of
education are gaining importance, accounting for almost 27% in 2005. The success
of the European chemical industry depends on its well trained employees. Skills and
education are an important factor in international competitiveness and the European
chemical industry is facing a global challenge for talent.

Chapter 7 Investment and R&D
7.1 Chemical industry capital spending in the EU
Investments in innovation (including research & development R&D) are key elements
in securing the future of the chemical industry. They not only promote the adaptation
to and the development of new technologies and innovation, but are necessary
prerequisites for the continuous adjustment of corporate structures to the needs of
the market-place. It is worth noting that the currently available figures on R&D
investments give only part of the picture as R&D is only the starting point on the path
to successful innovation. Innovation spending in companies is more and more
included under business development.
After some up and down movements in previous years, the ratio of capital spending
to sales of the chemical industry (including pharmaceuticals) in the EU has been
declining almost steadily since 2000. In absolute figures investment had been
growing steadily between 1994 and 2000 and then declined almost continuously till
2004, with a slight recovery in the next three years (2005-2007).

7.2 International comparison of capital spending in the chemical industry
The ratio of capital spending to sales of the chemical industry (including

pharmaceuticals) in the EU has been declining since 1999. A similar trend is
confirmed for both Japan and the USA. Over the past years (1994-2006), Japan has
the highest ratio (4.9%) followed by the EU (4.5%) and the USA (4.2%)

7.3 International comparison of research and development spending
The high value added products of the chemical industry continuously open up new
fields of application and pave the way to progress and innovation in other industries.
Typical examples are the health, food, consumer goods, aerospace industry, the car
industry, telecommunications, electrical engineering and electronics. Wide variations
in R&D efforts are observed across the chemical industry. Turning R&D into
innovation is becoming increasingly important in relation to the competitiveness of
the region.
Analysing the ratio of R&D spending to sales of the chemical industry it can be
observed that over the past years (1991-2006), the USA had on average a slightly
higher ratio (2.3%) than the EU (2%), but has decreased to similar levels in recent
years whereas Japan has a ratio (5.3%) around twice as high as the other two
trading regions.
.

7.4 Research and development spending in EU manufacturing
EU chemicals account for 8% of total EU manufacturing spending in R&D of €98.5

billion (data 2003). If the R&D spending of the pharmaceutical sector is included,
chemicals are the top investor in R&D in European manufacturing, accounting for
almost one fourth of total R&D investment of manufacturing.

Chapter 8: Sustainable Development
8.1 Energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions
The chemical industry works to develop cleaner and safer technologies,

waste-recycling processes and new products to safeguard the environment
(biotechnology processes, catalysts, membranes, desulphurisation plants, etc.). One
aspect is increased energy efficiency. Besides increasing the energy efficiency of its
own processes, the chemical industry also helps to increase the energy efficiency of
downstream users and their products through innovative inputs. Between 1990 and
2007, production in the EU chemical industry (including pharmaceuticals) rose by
71.3%, while total energy consumption was rather stable and greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions fell by almost 34%.

8.2 Energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions (cont’d)
Hence, GHG emissions per unit of energy consumption have been reduced by more
than 34% and GHG emissions per unit of production (GHG intensity) by nearly 62%
since 1990. This shows the enormous effort that the chemical industry is making to
minimise the environmental impact of its production.

8.3 Greenhouse gas emission intensity: EU versus US chemical industry
In comparison to the US, the EU has reduced its GHG emission intensity (emissions
per unit of production) much more and is today more GHG emission-efficient. The
US chemical industry has decreased its emission intensity by 36% since 1990, the
EU by 62%.


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Facts and Figures 2010

Facts and Figures:

For more information please contact

Chapter 1 Profile of the Chemical Industry

1.1 World chemicals sales

For more information please contact

1.2 World chemicals sales (cont’d)

1.2 World chemicals sales by region: 1998 versus 2008

1998: € 1095 billion 2008: € 1950 billion

Source: Cefic Chemdata International, *Asia

For more information please contact

1.3 World network of chemicals trade flows

1.3 Regional shares in world exports and imports of chemicals

Source: Cefic Chemdata International, intra EU trade included

For more information please contact

1.4 Geographic breakdown of EU chemical industry sales

Germany is still the largest chemicals producer in Europe, followed by France, UK

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1.5 Sectoral breakdown of EU chemical industry sales

Data Source: Cefic Chemdata International.

• Base chemicals cover petrochemicals and derivatives and basic inorganics.

• Finally, consumer chemicals are sold to final consumers: soaps and

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1.6 EU chemical industry sales structure

EU chemicals sales were estimated at €456 billion in 2009. Sales to EU partner

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1.7 EU chemical industry sales structure (in %)

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1.8 Added value in EU chemicals and other manufacturing sectors

Chemicals is the second leading manufacturing sector (after pharmaceuticals) in

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1.9 The EU manufacturing industry: gross operating surplus/ turnover

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1.10 Contribution of the chemical industry to the EU economy

The chemical industry's contribution to the EU gross domestic product amounts to

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1.11 The EU chemical industry: number of enterprises, sales and employment

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1.12 Public image of the European chemical industry

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Chapter 2 International Trade

2.1 External trade of EU chemicals

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1999: € 128 billion 2009: € 191 billion

NAFTA Latin America

Rest of Europe Japan

Source: Eurostat and Cefic, *Asia excluding Japan

Extra-EU chemicals trade (exports + imports) in 2009 was mainly attributable to

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2.3 Extra-EU chemicals trade flows with major geographic blocs

EU chemicals trade flows in € billion 19.5 Rest of

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2.4 Sectoral breakdown of EU chemicals trade surplus

In 2009, the trade surplus amounted to €42.6 billion. Consumer chemicals

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2.5 EU trade competitive analysis broken down by region

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Chapter 3 Growth of the Chemical Industry

3.1 Growth of production, trade and consumption

Over the years 2004-2009, chemicals sales and consumption registered no

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