THE PROCESSING OF TOFU INDUSTRIAL LIQUID WASTE USING RAW

CERAMIC MEMBRANTS ACTIVE CARBON FROM BIOMASS WASTE

M. Hatta Dahlan*, Jefry Muliady. A, M. Yudha Dwi Ramadhan

*Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sriwijaya University

Palembang-Prabumulih Street KM32 Indralaya, Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera 30662
Email: hatta.dahlan@unsri.ac.id

Abstract
Liquid waste in the organic tofu-making industry can affect as environmental pollutants,
for example BOD, COD, TSS and pH. Disposal of tofu liquid waste to water bodies
without processing will improve the quality of the environment. As happened what
happened in the settlement of Bukit Sangkal Palembang Village which eliminated the
unpleasant problem caused by the release of tofu liquid waste. Therefore, it is necessary
to process liquid waste from the tofu industry in Palembang, one of which uses ceramic
membranes. This research uses the principle of utilizing biomass waste as the base
material for making activated carbon which then becomes a ceramic membrane. The
membrane composition made has three variations, namely membrane A (30% bagasse
activated carbon and 70% clay), membrane B (15% bagasse activated carbon, 15%
cassava skin activated carbon, and 70% clay), and membrane C (30% activated carbon of
cassava skin and 70% clay). Variation of treatments in this study is that variations in
membrane variation in processing with independent variables consist of operating
pressure (0 psig and 10 psig), flow rate (1 L / minute, 3 L / minute, and 5 L / minute), and
operating time (30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes). From the results of processing,
the best operating results from each membrane were obtained. 0 psig pressure with a flow
rate of 1 L / minute for membrane A and a pressure of 0 psig with a flow rate of 3 L /
minute for membrane B and membrane C. Based on the best operation of each
membrane, carried out during effective treatment of Effective Microorganisms 4 ( EM4)
in tofu liquid waste to be processed. The best processing results using membrane C and
addition of EM4 with BOD analysis of 82 mg / L, COD 241 mg / L, TSS 31.6 mg / L,
and pH 6.55.
Key Words: Tofu Liduid Waste, Ceramic Membrane, EM4

1. INTRODUCTION a waste processing cassava agro-

Biomass is organic matter
produced through photosynthetic
process, either in the form of products or
waste. Examples of biomass are plants,
trees, grass, agricultural wastes, Yam,
forest waste, feces and feces of livestock
(Arhamsyah, 2010). The cassava skin
and dregs of dregs of sugar cane
biomass waste is the result of industrial
and food processing. The cassava skin is
industries such as tapioca flour industry,
industrial fermentation, and the industry
staple food. The cassava skin which is
solid waste from industrial processing
cassava into chips contain a fairly high
carbon of 59.31%
It's just the most in today's
society, the cassava skin utilized into the
waste usually only burned directly to be
the fuel so that in addition to less
efficient can also cause burning smoke
into air pollution.
The by-product of sugar cane is
the result of waste from the manufacture
of drinks with sugar or insutri from
sugarcane juice that has not been
optimally so that termanfaatkan brings
its own problems for the sugar industry
as well as the environment because it is
considered as waste (Apriliani, 2010).
Utilization of sugar cane husks can be
charcoal has a great and economical
prospects to be developed in the future.
Know it is one of the small and
medium business commodities made of
soy (Glycine sp) are plentiful in some
areas. Particularly in Palembang,
making industry know began to be
developed. It's just that the number of
industries know that evolved gave the
negative effects of environmental
pollution resulting from discharge. One
of the negative impact of the liquid
waste is not treated before it is dumped
into the environment (Utami, 2016).
Limbah cair yang dihasilkan
mengan Liquid waste is generated
contain suspended solids or dissolved,
will experience a change in physical,
chemical, and biological that will cause
disruption to health because it produces
toxic substances or creating a medium
for the growth of germs disease or other
harmful germs on either the product out
yourself or the human body. When left
alone, waste water will change its color
to brown to blackish and foul-smelling.
This resulted in a foul smell sick of
breathing. If this sewage water seeps
into the ground close to the well then
well water can not be utilized again. If
this waste is channeled to the River then
it would pollute streams and cause
health problems in the form of itching,
diarrhea diseases, cholera, intestinal
inflammations and other diseases,
especially those associated with dirty
water and sanitation environment good
(Coniwanti, et al, 2013).
The results of a case study about
the characteristics of the wastewater
Industry Know at Palembang (Bappeda,
2010), it was reported that the
wastewater industry know contains
BOD, COD, TSS, and oil/fat in a row is
4583 mg/L, 7050, 4743 mg/L mg/L, and
26 mg/L. compared to raw data quality
liquid waste industrial activity according
to the decision of 51/MENLH/10/1995,
maximum allowable levels for BOD,
TSS, and COD in a row is 50 mg/L, 100
mg/L, and 200 mg/L, so clear industrial
waste that know the raw quality has
exceeded the required.
Based on these problems,
researchers try to present an alternative
method in liquid waste processing
industry knew before being dumped into
the environment. An alternative method
that is used to process liquid waste
industry know is by using ceramic
membranes. The ceramic membrane has
the advantage that is has a thermal
stability, chemical and mechanical high
so that the membrane has a fairly long
usage time and easy to do the washing.
This led to the development of ceramic
membranes rapidly in terms of
separation (Dahlan, dkk, 2016). The
addition of active charcoal from waste
leather permanfaatan cassava and sugar
cane husks aside can enhance the ability
of the membrane as adsorbents, also has
economic value are very cheap because
of utilizing waste effluents.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Cane Dregs
Sugar cane pulp is solid waste
from industrial processing sugar cane. In
the processing of the sugar industry has
a volume reaching 30-40% of sugarcane
for milling. Currently dominate people's
vast sugar cane plantation area of sugar
cane plantations in Indonesia. Biomass
includes cane dregs containing
lignoselulosa is very possible to be
harnessed into alternative energy
sources such as bioethanol or biogas.
Sugar cane pulp is fibrous
waste obtained from plant sugar cane
milling process results. The Lees are
mostly contain ingredients
lignoselulosa. Bagase has a
composition similar to the chemical
composition of wooden leaf width.
The dregs of sugarcane is generally
used as boiler fuel to generate energy
required in the process of making
sugar so that the process will
produce a considerable amount of
dregs. There are sugar cane pulp
fibers containing cellulose active
cluster karboksil and lignin-
containing fenolat moieties.
According to Husin (2007), the
chemical composition of sugar cane
pulp consists of cellulose (37.65%),
lignin (2.09%), pentosan (27.97%),
SiO2 (3.01%), abu (3.82%), and sari
(1.81%). Presence of cellulose and
lignin content in the by-product of sugar
cane potentially converted into carbon
source so that it plays an important role
in the adsorption process. Holoselulosa
is a term used to name the cellulose and
hemicellulose. Cellulose is a polymer of
glucose (glucose) that is not branch off
it can be hydrolysed into glucose.
2.2. The Cassava Skin
Carbohydrate component is
polysaccharide cassava peels. Specific
types of carbohydrates is starch cassava
skin with 45% amylose levels when
dried and 35% when mixed with water.
Cassava peels contain many compounds
that can help in the process of
adsorption. Solid adsorption process can
be performed using the cassava skin as
activated carbon.
The cassava skin as a source of
carbon can be used as activated carbon
by chemical activation ways, using
NaOH to enhance its economic value.
Cassava peels as waste activated carbon
can serve as extra income selling high-
value for small and medium
entrepreneurs while also reducing
industrial waste household. Besides
activated carbon from waste cassava
peels can also serve as water purification
materials that are environmentally
friendly.
2.3. Activated Carbon
Activated carbon is a porous
solids containing 85-95% carbon,
produced from materials containing
carbon with warming at high
temperature, using gas, water vapor and
chemicals so that the pore porinya open.
Activated carbon is a very nice absorben
and widely used because the surface
area and volume of mikropori very
large, and relatively easy in
regeneration. Thus power adsorbsinya
be higher zat color and smell. (Leni
Maulinda, 2015)
The liveliness of the activated
carbon absorbs power depending on the
number of compounds of carbons.
Active carbon absorption is determined
by the surface area of the particle. And
this ability can be higher, if the activated
carbon has been done by a factor of
activation of chemicals or with the
heating at high temperatures. Thus, the
carbon will change the properties of
physics and chemistry. The activated
carbon is black, no smell, no taste and
have absorption greater than with
activated carbon that has not been
through the process of activation, and
has a surface of area, i.e. an area
between 300-200 m2/gram so that the
activated carbon must be activated
before use (Melyza, 2001).
2.4. Tofu Liquid Waste
The waste comes from the
exhaust or know the rest of the
processing of soybeans into tofu is
wasted because it isn't well formed into
tofu. Waste know consists of two types
namely liquid waste and solid waste.
Liquid waste is part of the largest and
potentially polluting the environment.
These wastes occur due to residual water
know its not lumpy, pieces of tofu which
was destroyed because the process of
clotting is not perfect and the yellowish
turbid fluids that cause odor when it is
left (Nohong, 2010).
Waste industry Tofu it is
generally divided into two forms of
waste, i.e. solid waste and liquid waste.
Solid waste processing plant knew the
form of soy cleansing results dirt (soil,
stone, leather, soybean and other solid
objects that stick to the soy) and the rest
of the soy pulp sieve called the Lees
knew. Solid waste in the form of
impurities derived from early process
(washing) of raw soybeans and
generally solid waste that occurs not so
much (0.3% of the raw material of soy),
while the solid waste in the form of the
Lees knew happened on slurry screening
process soy. The Lees knew the
magnitude of which ranged from 25-
35% of products know that produced
(Kaswinarni, 2007). Liquid waste in the
production process know comes from
the process of soaking, washing,
laundering soy production process
equipment know, filtering and printing
presses or tofu.
Most of the liquid waste
generated by the manufacturing industry
knows is a viscous fluid is separated
from the clot know called curd with
water (whey). Liquid waste was dumped
in a disturbing to know the environment.
This fluid contains high protein levels
and could soon unravel. If not processed
tofu waste would pollute ground
environment. These wastes are often
dumped directly without prior
processing to produce a foul smell and
polluting the environment (Kaswinarni,
2007).
2.5. Membrane Technology
Membrane technology for water
treatment is one of the main applications
that have been developed in Indonesia.
Operation the membrane is a process
with the separation of two or more
components of the fluid flow through a
membrane. The membrane serves as a
selective barrier thin between two
phases. The membrane can only skip
certain components and holding the
other components of a fluid flow
(Mulder, 1991). The ability of a
membrane which can be bypassed by a
particle called the permeability. The
particles that pass through the
membrane called the permeat while
particles stuck called concentrates.
Filtration using membrane serves
as a means of separation and also serves
as a means of purifying an aqueous
solution that is passed the membrane.
The goal of the process is to separate the
membrane filtration of molecules or
particles from aqueous solution by
membrane.
The process of separation with
membrane occurs due to the thrust
(driving force) in bait in the form of
different concentrations (ΔC), different
pressure (ΔP), temperature difference
(ΔT), electrical potential difference (ΔE)
as well as the high selectivity of the
membrane that is declared with the
rejeksi. In Figure 1 shows the schematic
separation process with membrane
(Mulder,1991). The membrane will
withstand the ultrafine particles larger
than the pores, while the molecules or
particles that are smaller than the pores
in the membrane will participate to
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Research Procedure
Sampling
Industrial Liquid Waste Know Bagasse

permeate. COD, BOD, pH and

TSS Analysing Making of Activated Carbon
from Waste of cassava peel
and bagasse

Making of ceramic
membranes made from
activated carbon

Design of Membrane
Filtration Tools

Separation Using Silica Sand and

Experiment with Conventional Activated Carbon
Microbes
Image 2.1. Separation Plan of Using
Membrane Filtration Process with Ceramic
The Best Membrane
Operation
The membrane has a kind of open Condition of
Membrane
space or blank, there is a whole range of Sampling every 30, 60, and 90 minutes

pores in the membrane. This membrane COD, BOD, pH

separation based on pore size. Of and TSS Analysing

dissolved substances can be left behind Data Processing and Comparison

or accumulate on the surface of the

Conclusion
membrane concentration will continue
to grow during the process to take place Image 3.1. Scheme of Research
(Dahlan,2002). Procedure

Image 3.2. Membran Set Tools

Keterangan:
a. Feeding Tank
b. Pump
c. Silica Filter
d. Activated Carbon Filter
e. Housing Membrane
f. Membrane
4. RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
4.1. Processing tofu wastewater by
conventional methods
Image 4.1. Comparison of speed, TSS,
pH and the results of Processing
different types of Activated Carbon on
conventional methods.
The difference in the speed of the
flow of different types of active charcoal
is not so significant. It is dikarengan in
the manufacture of charcoal charcoal
filtering active active with size 60 mesh,
so it can be deduced the size of pores of
each active charcoal is no different. The
third filter with different types of active
charcoal has a wide field of a contact
against liquid waste knows the same
magnitude.
The value of the processing
results of TSS using conventional
methods is increasing compared to the
waste inlet that have only the value of
the TSS of 30.4 mg/l. Increased the
possibility of active charcoal showed a
or of minerals from the filter washed by
outlet during the screening process with
conventional methods. The highest TSS
values obtained on active charcoal type
A (sugar cane Husks), namely 31.7
mg/L and the lowest on the active
charcoal type B (mixed), namely 30.2
mg/L.
Inlet pH values of 5.89 changes
on the results of the processing of each
type of active charcoal used. Outlet
results processing using active charcoal
types A and B increase respectively
become 6.28 and 6.03. While pH values
on the active charcoal type C having a
bit of penuruan i.e. be 5.86. This is
because in the process of making
charcoal using sugarcane fibres used
strong base NaOH solution as namely
compounds to extract the mineral
content of silica from cane dregs.
Image 4.2. Comparison of COD and
BOD of results of Processing different
types of Activated Carbon on
conventional methods.
The results of the liquid waste
processing know accounting methods
using different types of active charcoal
showed a decrease in the value of the
COD and BOD. This indicates that these
three types of active charcoal has the
ability in absorbing organic compounds
found in the liquid waste know with
COD and BOD values respectively 650
mg/L i.e. and 212 mg/L.
The best processing results in the
use of active charcoal type C (cassava
peels), namely COD and BOD values
obtained in succession i.e. 551 mg/L and
mg/L 145. This shows that the use of
active charcoal type C (cassava skin)
absorption features an organic
compound that is best compared with
active charcoal types A and b. then
followed the active charcoal type B
(mixed) better absorption of organic
compounds.
4.2. Results of Tofu Liquid Waste
Processing with Different Types
of Membranes and Operating
Conditions.
4.2.1. Total Suspended Solid (TSS)
Image 4.3. TSS Value Test Results on
Flow Rate of 1 Liter/Minute.
Image 4.4. TSS Value Test Results on
Flow Rate of 3 Liter / Minute.
Image 4.5. TSS Value Test Results on
Flow Rate of 5 Liter / Minute.
Overall it can be seen that the
outlet of the liquid waste processing
know using membrane led to a rise in
the value of the higher TSS of the inlet.
The higher the pressure and flow rate,
then the value of the TSS will be higher,
as well as with the length of time of the
operation, then the value of the TSS also
tend to be higher. This increase in TSS
can be concluded that the existence of a
solid or a mineral that is present on the
membrane is shipped as an outlet. This
is because the occurrence of erosion or
removal of layers of the membrane,
which, if the higher the flow rate, then
the greater the occurrence of erosion. In
addition, the higher pressure is also
capable of causing the greater the
membrane pores, so that more and more
of the solid particles are not halted.
The increase in TSS can be
concluded that the presence of solids or
minerals contained in the membrane is
included as an outlet. This is due to
erosion or erosion of the membrane
layer, which if the flow rate is higher,
the greater the erosion. In addition, the
higher pressure is also able to cause
more pores in the membrane, so that
more solid particles are not retained.
In the meantime A membrane
type (sugar cane husks) are the best on
the parameter values of TSS compared
with other membranes types. This
indicates that the structure of the
membrane that is made using active
charcoal from sugarcane fibres more
solidly on the use for liquid waste
processing know compared to the use of
cassava peels.
4.2.2. Acidity or pH
Image 4.6. PH Test Results on Flow low. The lower the pressure, then the
Rate of 1 L / minute. greater the pH toward the neutral.

4.2.3. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

The COD value of the processing
results shows the ability of the
membrane to absorb organic compounds
found in tofu liquid waste.

Image 4.7. PH Test Results on Flow

Rate of 3 L / minute.

Image 4.9. COD Test Results in Flow

Rate of 1 L / minute.
On the conditions of flow rate of
Image 4.8. PH Test Results on Flow 1 L/min obtained only one sample that
Rate of 5 L / minute. meets the raw quality of the
environment, namely on the use of the
From the three graphs above, it
membrane type C with operating
appears that the use of membrane C with
conditions 0 psig pressure on operating
a pressure of 10 psig produces the
time during the 90-minute i.e. 291 mg/L.
lowest pH. Meanwhile, on membrane A
Meanwhile, on condition the flow rate
with a pressure of 0 psig produces the
of 1 L/ minutes obtained that the longer
highest pH. This is because in the
operating time, then the value of the
production of bagasse activated carbon,
COD would also be progressively
NaOH solution is used in the activation
decreased.
process so that the pH will be higher.
Overall it can be concluded that
on the processing of liquid membrane
know clarias nieuhofii can raise the pH
of the liquid waste so that all know the
pH of the outlet meets the quality raw
environment. In addition, it can also be
concluded that the higher the flow rate
and the length of time of the operation,
then the value of the pH will be more Image 4.10. COD Test Results in Flow
Rate of 3 L / minute.
 In the condition of the flow rate of greater the pressure, the lower the
3 L / min, only three samples were absorption of the membrane.
found to meet environmental quality
standards, namely the use of type C
membranes with operating conditions of
0 psig at operating times of 30, 60, and 4.2.4. Byological Oxygen Demand
90 minutes with COD values
respectively 297, 283, and 264 mg / L.

Image 4.12. BOD Test Results in Flow

Rate of 1 L / minute.
Image 4.11. COD Test Results in Flow
Rate of 5 L / minute.
In the condition that the flow rate
of 5 L / minute was not obtained
samples that met environmental quality
standards. The lowest COD value was
obtained by using membrane C type
with a pressure of 0 psig with an
Image 4.13. BOD Test Results in Flow
operating time of 90 minutes.
Rate of 3 L / minute.
A third of the graphic above to
see that results from processing by using
the type of the sample obtained with A
membrane, the value of the COD, while
the use of membrane type C obtained
samples with COD values the most. This
shows that the maintainability of
absorption of organic compounds by
membrane type C is the most good. The Image 4.14. BOD Test Results in Flow
longer operating time and the smaller Rate of 5 L / minute.
the flow rate, then the penuruan value of At the condition of the flow rate
COD will be even greater. Meanwhile, of 1 L / minute the best results were
the magnitude of the pressure causing obtained on membrane C with an
the membrane absorption be decreased. operating pressure of 0 psig and an
The longer the operating time and
operating time of 90 minutes where the
the smaller the flow rate, the greater the BOD value was 93 mg / L.
COD value will be. Meanwhile, the At the condition of the flow rate
of 3 L / min the best results were
obtained on membrane C with an in the form of pressure.
operating pressure of 0 psig and an
operating time of 90 minutes where the
BOD value was 88 mg / L.
At the condition of the flow rate
of 5 L / min the best results were
obtained on membrane C with an
operating pressure of 0 psig and an Image 4.15. Results of Calculation of
operating time of 90 minutes where the Membrane Flux in Flow Rate of 1 L /
BOD value was 108 mg / L. minute.
On the graph can be seen that the
most effective BOD decline on the use
of the membrane type C (cassava peels).
The decline in levels of BOD in waste
water know liquid after filtration due to
the composition of selected activated
carbon had pores which broadly so that
it can absorb organic matter dissolved in
waste optimally. In addition, it is also in
line with the results of the use of
Image 4.16. Results of Calculation of
conventional methods where the ability
Membrane Flux in Flow Rate of 3 L /
of active charcoal absorption C (cassava
minute
skin) of organic compounds is the most
good. The presence of lignin compounds
contained in biomass kompoisisi as
activated carbon allowing serve as base
material absorption (Dahlan, Hatta.
2018).
The lower the pressure and the
lower the flow rate, the better the
absorption of organic compounds by the
membrane, so that the decrease in the Image 4.17. Results of Calculation of
BOD value is also higher Membrane Flux in Flow Rate of 5 L /
4.2.5. Membrane Flux minute.
Flux Membrane shows the Membrane flux value has
amount of volume of water passing on a increased along with the increased
certain surface area per unit of time pressure. The increase in flux due to the
which is influenced by the force of force increase in pressure caused by the large
pressure will encourage faster liquid
pass through the pores of the membrane.
At high pressures molecules in the liquid
waste know compelled by strong
entering the pores of the membrane so
that there are not many who stuck by the
membrane. This is in accordance with bacteria Lactobacillus sp (lactic acid
the main thrust (driving force) operation bacteria) and the rest contain some
of membrane. photosynthetic bacteria, microorganisms
The value of membrane flux also (Rhodopseudomonas sp.), mushroom
has increased along with the increased fermentation (Saccharomyces SP.),
flow rate on input. This also causes the Actinomycetes and yeasts (Yeast). This
liquids pushed faster past the membrane is the basis that microorganisms can
pores, so with the increasing flow rate help the processing of liquid waste out
will reduce the formation of fouling on by using media membrane.
the surface of the membrane due to the
Table 4.18. Comparison of the results of
concentration of dissolved substances
tofu waste analysis with microbes in the
accumulated on the surface of the
best operating conditions of A
membrane.
membranes without microbes.
4.3. Comparison of Tofu Waste Pressure Flow Rate Time
Type BOD COD TSS pH Fluks
Treatment Using Microbes with (psig) (L/Min) (hour)
Different Types of Membranes in the 0,5 122 365 30,2 6,64 0,6370
Best Operating Conditions Without Without
Microbe 1 119 347 31,7 6,6 0,2740
Microbes.
Research results from the 0 1 1,5 105 328 30,8 6,57 0,1407
processing of liquid waste know using 0,5 120 334 27,9 6,63 0,6667
various types of membranes with the Microbe 1 105 310 27,6 6,68 0,4444
variation of pressure, flow rate, and 1,5 93 293 27,1 6,75 0,3062
operating time, then didapatlah the best
operating conditions of each type of Table 4.19. Comparison of the results of
membrane are used. A membrane (30% tofu waste analysis with microbes in the
and 70% of sugar cane husks) showed best operating conditions of B
the best operating conditions that result membranes without microbes..
Flow
in flow rate of 1 L/minute and pressure Pressure Time
Rate Type BOD COD TSS pH Fluks
of 0 psig. B membrane (15% sugar cane (psig) (hour)
(L/Min)
husks, 15% leather cassava, and 70% 0,5 115 345 34,5 6,41 0,6370
clay) showed the best operating Without
Microbe 1 109 327 33,9 6,39 0,2740
conditions that result in flow rate of 3 1,5 103 308 33,8 6,36 0,1407
0 3
L/minute and pressure of 0 psig. 0,5 113 326 31,5 6,52 0,8370
Membrane C (30% of cassava peels and Microbe 1 92 298 30,4 6,58 0,4593
70% clay) showed the best operating 1,5 85 281 29,5 6,63 0,2988
conditions that result in flow rate of 3
L/minute and pressure of 0 psig. Table 4.20. Comparison of the
The results of such research is results of tofu waste analysis with
done by adding an Effective comparison microbes in the best operating
of Microorganism-4 (EM4) in liquid conditions of B membranes without
waste processing will be made know to microbes.
use the best operating conditions of each
membrane. EM4 consists of 95% of the
 Pressure Flow Rate Time ammonia and carbon dioxide that
Type BOD COD TSS pH Fluks
(psig) (L/Min) (hour) automatically increase the value of
0,5 114 345 34,5 6,41 0,6370 pH. (Sofia, 2010). When reaching
Without the optimum pH, pH increase looks
Microbe 1 94 327 33,9 6,39 0,2740
significantly increased microbial
0 3 1,5 88 308 33,8 6,36 0,1407 performance showed breakdown in
0,5 96 293 33,2 6,46 1,1185 organic compounds from waste
Microbe 1 87 259 32,1 6,51 0,5259 liquid know so that the pH of the
1,5 82 241 31,6 6,55 0,2642 outlet approached the neutral.
The results of tofu wastewater
From the comparison of the
treatment using microbes were seen
value of Total Suspended Solid
to have an effect in decreasing BOD
(TSS) processing results using
and COD values faster than without
different types of membrane-it
microbial use. A significant
appears that the use of the TSS value
comparison is seen at 60 minutes and
makes the EM4 faster down.
90 minutes operating time which
Comparison of the best tampa on the
shows the longer the interaction of
type of membrane C. where
microbes with tofu liquid waste, the
processing results in an operating
microbes will be more active and
time 90 minutes, without the use of
more and more break down organic
microbes shows value of TSS of 37.1
compounds in tofu liquid waste.
mg/L and as the use of microbes be
The addition of EM4 in the
31.6 mg/l. So well with this type of
tofu liquid waste treatment process
membrane with a wide variety of
shows more quantity of yield from
operating time. This is itself a TSS
each membrane. Addition of EM4 as
dikarena solid particles floating
much as 1 per 10 of the total tofu
around in a solution which can be
liquid waste treated causes the liquid
organic or inorganic materials.
wastewater to become more dilute so
Therefore, here indicated that
that it is easier to pass through the
microbes on degradation process
pores of the membrane. The activity
helps EM4 organic compounds.
of microorganisms in degrading
Influence of addition of EM4
organic compounds which then
on sewage treatment using ceramic
converts some into ammonia gas
membranes know liquid shows
compounds so as to relieve the
increase in pH along with increasing
performance of the membrane.
operating time. This is due to the
Therefore, the quantity of processing
activities of microbes contained in
results is higher and the membrane
the EM4 do against degradation of
flux value is higher.
organic compounds in liquid waste
out. Decomposition reaction of
organic compounds can produce
5. CONCLUSION
1. Tofu wastewater treatment can use
ceramic membranes that are made
from activated carbon from biomass
waste which has been proven by
several processing results to meet
the quality standards of PERMEN
LH RI No. 5 2014
2. C ceramic membrane with a
composition of 30% activated
carbon and 70% clay is the best
variation because it can reduce the
BOD value to 82 mg / L and COD
up to 241 mg / L. This is in line with
experiments using conventional
methods.
3. The best operating conditions on
membrane A are 0 psig pressure and
1 L / minute flow rate, while on
membranes B and C are at 0 psig
and the flow rate is 3 L / minute.
4. The higher the operating pressure,
the higher the flux value of
membrane A, membrane B, and
membrane C
5. Addition of EM4 to tofu liquid
waste which will be processed
makes membrane performance
better in reducing organic
compounds which are characterized
by the values of COD, BOD, TSS,
and pH.
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