RPH MIDTERM NOTES

Magellan Expedition (1521)

 Ferdinand Magellan
o Portugese, captain of Trinidad and the first person to circumnavigate the world
 Antonio Pigafetta
o Also known as Antonio Lombardo
o Italian sponsored by the Spaniards (Spanish mindset – orientalism)
 Timeline
o August 10, 1519 – five fleets, 241 people
 Victoria – only survivor
 Concepcion – burned down
 Santiago - shipwrecked
 Trinidad – headed East towards Portugese land
 San Antonio – headed back to Spain because of rebellion
o October 3, 1519
 Weather worsened, divine intervention: Santelmo or St. Elmo’s Fire
o December 18, 1520
 Turned NW: led his men through the Pacific Ocean
o March 21, 1520
 mutiny
o March 16, 1521
 Discovered the Philippines
 Island of Humunhun
 Datu Zula, Magellan’s friend
 Looking for a westward route to the Spice Island
 Encountered Rajah Humabon
 First Filipino chieftain to embrace Christianity
 Humabon (Carlos: in honor of King Charles V) and Humani (Juana: in honor of Queen
Juana, King Charles’ mother) were baptized
o April 27, 1521
 Battle of Mactan
 First known recorded resistance of the Filipinos
 Lapu-Lapu – atleast 1,500 native warriors, Magellan – 60 men
 “killed our mirror, our light, our comfort and our true guide
o September 6, 1522
 18 men and Victoria returned to Spain
 Captain became Juan Sebastian El Cano
 Effects of the Discovery
o Disruption of our established socio-political institution
o Philippines was placed under Spanish colony
o Experienced colonization for 300 years
 Motivations and Challenges Faced by the Spanish Colonizers
o Scurvy and Mutiny
 Spanish Claim the Archipelago based on two Reasons
o Spain discovered the Philippines and Spain had a right to colonize it (Discover-Colonize-Rule)
 Significance of the Voyage
o Established that the world is round
o Locating the archipelago in the European map
 o First mass = introduction of Christianity
 Factors that led to the Discovery of the Philippines
1. Economic
 Looking for the Spice Islands (Maluku, Indonesia)
 Navigators before Magellan: Christopher Columbus, Bartolomeu Dias, Vasco da Gama
2. Political
 In search for new routes
After the fall of Constantinople (1453) to the Muslims, routes were blocked to Europe
Moores blocked the only way to go to the Spice Islands
 Treaty of Tordesillas
Agreement between Spain (west) and Portugal (east)
Pope Alexander XI – line of demarcation
3. Scientific and Secular Pursuits
 Navigational Instruments
Mariner’s Compass, Astolabe, Portolani, Quadrant, Sextant

Legazpi Expedition (1564)

 Philippines – Land of Lazaro, Islas de Lazaro

 After Magellan
o Garcia Jufre Loaisa (1525), Sebastian Cabot (1526), Alvaro de Saavedra (1527), Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
(1542), Miguel Lopez de Lagazpi (1564)
 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
o First Spanish governor of the Philippines
o Established Spain’s dominion over the Philippines
o Adelantado – advanced officer
 Timeline:
o November 21, 1564 – start of the Journey
 Four ships and five Augustinian friars, 380 men
 Father Andres de Urdaneta – navigator and spiritual advisor
 Melchor de Legazpi – son of Miguel de Legazpi
 Felipe and Juan de Salcedo – grandsons of Migeul
 Guido de Lavezaris – only survivor of Villalbos’s expedition and second Spanish governor
of the Philippines
 Mexican port of Natividad
o 93 days in the Pacific Ocean
o 1565: Marianas Islands (Guam)
 Get supplies, fought against the native of Tiamoro
o February 13, 1565 – arrived at Cebu but they weren’t accepted by the natives
o February 22, 1565 – island of Samar
 Datu Uraw: blood compact, together they went to Limasawa
 Datu Bangkaw – went back to Bohol to have a blood compact to Datu Sikatuna (Datu of Bohol
and the one who told them about the island of Cebu), and Rajah Sigala
o April 27, 1565
 Arrived in Cebu
 Cebuanos were hostile, especially the Cebuano Chieftain, Tupas
 During the battle in Cebu, he discovered the image of Sto. Nino given by Magellan
o 1569 – because of lack of supplies, he went to the Island of Panay
o 1570 – ordered Juan de Salcedo to punish the pirates of Mindoro and Martin Goiti to go to Luzon
  Batangas with 120 soldiers – River of Pansipit
o May 8, 1565 – expedition in Manila
 Manila was a Muslim region, Goiti demanded Rajay Sulayman to pay tribute
o May 24, 1565 – Goiti fired a canon to recall a ship, natives shot through lantaka
o 1571 – founded the city of Manila
o August 20, 1572 – died because of stroke

The Philippines Becomes a Spanish Colony

The 1896 Philippine Revolution

 Timeline
o July 6, 1892 – Rizal was arrested by the Spaniards
o The La Liga Filipina, Rizal’s organization became Cuerpo de Compromisarios
o July 7, 1892 – the Katipunan was formed
o Andres Bonifacio – Father of the Revolution
o KKK – Kataastaasan Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
o Aimed to: separate from Spain, defend the poor and the oppressed, promote good morality, reject
religious fanaticism and obscurantism
o Two Phases
o First Phase
 August 19, 1896 – the Katipunan was discovered
 Teodoro Patino and Apolonio de la Cruz had a misunderstanding
 Due to Teodoro’s vengeance, he told his sister Honoria, about the Katipunan
 Honorio, an inmate at an orphanage told Sor Teresa
 Sor Teresa urged Teodoro to confessed to Fr. Mariano Gil
 August 23, 1896
 1, 000 Katipuneros met at the yard of Juan A. Ramos
 Cry of Pugadlawin
 August 30, 1896
 The revolution spread to different areas around Manila
 Governor-general Ramon Blanco declared a state of war
 December 31, 1896
 Imus Assembly
 March 22, 1897
 Tejeros Convention
o Electoral fraud
o Emilio Aguinaldo was elected as president
o Magdalo side
o