THE 19th-20th CENTURY PHILIPPINE CONDITON

DATE EVENT/S

19th Century

1880, July 18 & 20 Two shocks of an earthquake create destruction from manila
to Santa Cruz, Laguna.

1810 Filipinos were not given a voice in their own government.

1815 The last galleon arrived in Manila

1837 Absence of stability in the Philippine Colonial Government

1865 Cebu became an open port for trading. The opening of the
Philippines in the world trade brought development in
agriculture.

1872, Feb. 15 Propaganda Movement, was the first Filipino nationalist

movement, led by a Filipino elite and inspired by the
protonation list activism of figures such as José Burgos and
by his execution at the hands of colonial authorities.

1872, Feb. 17 Martyrdom in Gomburza.

1882, Jan. 2 First magazine and Journal. Seminario Filipino, a religious

book.

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 1890’s The emergence of the Filipino sense of nationhood book
place. Thus development in the 19th century can be
attributed to the following factors: the opening of the
Philippine to world commerce; rise of the clase media;
liberal regime of Carlos Ma. Dela Torre; racial
discrimination; secularization controversy; and the Cavite
mutiny of 1872

1896, August Katipunan was discovered by the Spain Civil Guards.

1896, December 30 Dr. Jose Rizal was executed at Bagumbayan.

1897, Jan. 4 Execution of Bicol Martyrs.

Emilio Aguinaldo was sworn in as President of the new

revolutionary government along with other elected officials
in Santa Cruz de Malabon in Cavite

1897, Aug. 15 An earthquake at estimated intensity of 7.9 centered on

Luzon’s northwest coast shakes Batanes and northern
Luzon.

1898, Jan. 12 The Philippine is proclaimed independent from Spain in

Kawit, Cavite. For the first time, Philippine Flag officially
raised and the Philippine National Anthem is publicly
played.

1898, May 1 The Battle of Manila Bay was one of the most significant
battles in the history of the American people as it
established the U. S. as a world power.

1898, May 24 Aguinaldo issued a decree formally establishing such form of

government, albeit temporary in nature. The decree also
nullified the orders issued under the Biak-na-Bato Republic

June 12, 1898 Proclamation of the Philippine Independence.

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1898, September The Malolos established its own newspaper. It came to be
called "El Heraldo de la Revolucion". Later on its name was
changed to "Heraldo Filipino, Indice Official and Gacete
Filipina". They said newspaper kept the people posted on all
announcements of the govenrment, the decrees and
proclamation of President Emilio Aguinaldo, and the
activities of the Revolutionary Congress.

1899 The first Philippine Republic of Malolos Republic was

inaugurated in Malolos, with Emilio Aguinaldo as its first
President.

1899, Feb. 4 Hostilities break out between the Filipinos and the US.

20th Century

1902, July 1 The Philippine Bill (First organic law of the Philippines)

1902, July 4 Filipino-American War ended proclaimed by president

Roosevelt

1907, July 30 Elections for Philippine Assembly

1934, The Tydings-McDuffie Act. The Philippines was given

independence on July 4, 1946 and the Republic of the
Philippines was born.

1941, Dec. 8 Japanese invaded the Philippines

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 1942, Jan. 3 Japanese started to impose their sovereignty in areas under
their control after the fall of manila. The beginning of martial
law under a Japanese Military Administration.

1942, June 14 The Commonwealth of the Philippines become a member of

the United Nation.

1942, April 9 The fall of Bataan. Death March

1943, Jan. 13 A law is enacted providing for the death penalty

1943, Oct. 14 It is when Japan proclaimed the independence of the

Philippines, with Jose P. Laurel as a president.

1944, Sept. 21 The US raid Manila.

1945, Feb. 4 US troops enter Manila and the Japanese, in an orgy of blood,
massacre thousands of Filipinos.

1945, Feb. 24 The battle of Manila ends. Japanese surrender to the US.

1946, July 14 The republic of the Philippines was inaugurated in the city of
Manila and Philippine independence proclaimed to the world
by Harry S. Truman, President of the United States of
America. Our republic has made considerable progresses in
the field politics, economy and culture.

1947, March 11 Approval of “parity amendment”, which provided the

American to have the right to expose, exploit, develop, and
utilize “all agricultural, timber, and m mineral lands” of the
Philippines.

1971, August 21 The bombing of Plaza Miranda, where the proclamation rally
of the opposition candidates of the liberal party for local
. elections scheduled on November 8, 1971.

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 Suspension of the writ of Habeas Corpus in order to maintain
peace and order, secure the safety of the people, and preserve
the authority of the State

1972, September 21 President Marcos by virtue of proclamation no. 1081, placed

the entire Philippines under martial law. The ambush of the
official car of secretary of National Defense Juan Ponce Enrile
provided for the implementation of the said law

1972, Oct. 21 Agrarian Reform Program. Pres. Marcos issued Presidential

Decree no. 27, entitles Emancipation of Tenants from the
Bandage of the soil, Transferring to them the Ownership of
the Land They Till and Providing the Instruments
Mechanism Thereof.

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 19th Century was the time Philippines was freed from Spanish colonization.
Nevertheless, as the Century entered two shocks of an earthquake create destruction from
manila to Santa Cruz, Laguna. In 1890 many events happen wherein the emergence of the
Filipino sense of nationhood book place. Thus development in the 19th century can be
attributed to the following factors: the opening of the Philippine to world commerce; rise of
the clase media; liberal regime of Carlos Ma. Dela Torre; racial discrimination; secularization
controversy; and the Cavite mutiny of 1872.

As time goes by, Filipino arouse and decided to take back what is ours through striking
the Spaniards. Many Filipino died and sacrifices their life in the desire to free our country.
In the end they got what they fought for as they attain independence and have a Filipino
president.

In 20th Century, the Philippines experienced colonization and encounter bloody fights
among powerful countries in the World. In 1935, Tydings-McDuffie Act was implemented,
stating that the Filipinos will aim their independency on July 4, 1946 and this is also the
time the Republic of the Philippines was born. The Japanese later came in and civilize our
country. They captured Manila and started to impose their sovereignty in areas and enforce
martial law under their administration/ control. The Bataan Death march, it where the
Filipino including American troops walks a long mile with intense heat and cruel treatment
of the Japanese, resulting pain and death.

October 14, 1943 when Japan proclaimed the independence of the Philippines, signed
by a prime minister that promised to grant the independency of Filipinos. President
Ferdinand E. Marcos signed Proclamation No. 1081 on September 21, 1972 or known as the
Martial Law for whole Philippines, it is to reduce crime rate in the country.

During the civilizations of powerful countries in the Philippines, the Filipinos

experienced a horrible and horror situation. But still survived, although there’s a lot of
difficulties and challenges in fighting for our rights, our country.

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 REFERENCES

Abueva, J. V. The Philippines into the 21st century: future scenarios for governance,
democracy and development, 1998-2025.Quezon City.KADENA Press

Calilung, F.C. (2013). Kamalayan; Kultura’t Kasaysayan. Publishing Corp.

Garcia, C. D. (2010) Book Atbp. Philippine History and Government for college
students. Publishing corp.

Garcia, C. D. (2015). The Filipino and their Struggles for Freedom and Survival.
Books Atpb. Publishing Corp. Mandaluyong City.

Zulueta, F., Nebres, A. (2003). Philippine History and Government Through the
years. National Bookstore. Mandaluyong City.