CONTENTS

1. Certificate
2. Acknowledgement
3. Introduction
4. Rectifier Circuit
5. Half Wave Rectifier
6. Working
7. Peak Inverse Volta
8. Ripple Factor
9. Form Factor
10. Peak Factor
11. Result
 Certificate

This is certify Abhay Pratap Singh

a student of class XII science has
successfully completed the research
project on the topic “Half Wave
Rectifier” under the guidance of
“Anurag Srivastava” During the
academic year 2019-20

Teacher’s Signature

Examiner signature
 Acknowledgement
I want to express my sincere thanks to my
respected principal sir and physics teacher “Anurag
Srivastava” for giving me a chance to research on
the topic “Half Wave Rectifier” and it has been
my pleasure doing so. This has added many points
to my knowledge about physics and its project. I
also thank them for their support and valuable
guidance which has seemed great contribution in
completion of my research work as a project.
 Introduction

A rectifier is an electronic device that converts AC

voltage into DC voltage. In other words, it
converts alternating current to direct current. A
rectifier is used in almost all electronic devices.
Mostly it is used to convert the mains voltage into
DC voltage in the power supply section. By using
DC voltage supply electronic devices work.
According to the period of conduction, rectifiers
are classified into two categories: Half Wave
Rectifier and Full Wave Rectifier
Rectifier Circuit

• The arrow on the diode ( ) indicates the

direction of the current in the diode
• Because of the diode, the alternating current in the
load resistor is reduced to the positive portion of
the cycle
 Half-Wave Rectifier

• The solid line in the graph is the result through

the resistor
• It is called a half-wave rectifier because current is
present in the circuit during only half of each cycle
THE HALF WAVE
RECTIFIER

D1
A R load
B
 Working

During the positive half cycle, when the secondary

winding of the upper end is positive with respect to the
lower end, the diode is under forwarding bias condition
and it conducts current. During the positive half-cycles,
the input voltage is applied directly to the load
resistance when the forward resistance of the diode is
assumed to be zero. The waveforms of output voltage
and output current are the same as that of the AC input
voltage.

During the negative half-cycle, when the secondary

winding of the lower end is positive with respect to the
upper end, the diode is under reverse bias condition and
it does not conduct current. During the negative half-
cycle, the voltage and current across the load remain
zero. The magnitude of the reverse current is very small
and it is neglected. So, no power is delivered during the
negative half cycle.
 Peak Inverse Voltage

When the input voltage reaches its maximum value Vm

during the negative half cycle the voltage across the
diode is also maximum. This maximum voltage is
known as the peak inverse voltage. Thus for a half
wave rectifier

Let Vi be the voltage to the primary of the transformer.

Vi is given by

where Vr is the cut-in voltage of the diode.

 Ripple Factor
Ripple factor is defined as the ratio of RMS value of ac
component to the dc component in the output.

.
Vav the average or the dc content of the voltage across the
load is given by

RMS voltage at the load resistance can be calculated as

Ripple factor
 Efficiency
Efficiency, h is the ratio of the dc output power to

Transformer Utilization Factor

Transformer Utilization Factor, TUF can be used to
determine the rating of a transformer secondary.

In half wave rectifier the rated voltage of the

transformer secondary is
But actually the RMS current flowing through the
winding is only .

Form Factor
Form factor is given by,

Peak Factor
Peak factor is given by,
Result: -

The output waveform may be observed in the

waveform viewer.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS:
Physics (Part 1&2)–Text book for Class XII.

WEBSITES:
www.google.com/images
www.wikipedia.org