G.H.PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY V.V.

NAGAR
2180901-TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Department of Electrical Engineering
Date: / /20

Experiment:4

AIM: To Perform Vector group testing on 3 phase transformer.

APPRATUS:

 2.5 KVA 3 phase transformer

 3 phase variac
 Multimeter
 jumper wire

THOERY
High voltage (not primary) line emf is placed at 12 o’clock position and corresponding low
voltage line emf position is noted. Low voltage line emf position denotes Hour hand of the clock
and accordingly nomenclature is given (vector group is denoted). HV connection is denoted by
capital letter, LV connection is denoted by small letter and corresponding LV line emf position
is termed as HOUR hand of the clock and is denoted by suffix. For HV delta connected and LV
star connected, and LV line emf 300 leading is written as Dy11.

Transformer vector group depends upon:

1. Removing harmonics: Dy connection – y winding nullifies 3rd harmonics, preventing it
to be reflected on delta side.
2. Parallel operations: All the transformers should have same vector group & polarity of the
winding.
3. Earth fault Relay: A Dd transformer does not have neutral. to restrict the earth faults in
such systems, we may use zig zag wound transformer to create a neutral along with the
earth fault relay.
4. Type of Non Liner Load: systems having different types of harmonics & non linear Types
of loads e.g. furnace heaters, VFDS etc for that we may use Dyn11, Dyn21, Dyn31
configuration, wherein, 30 deg. shifts of voltages nullifies the 3rd harmonics to zero in
the supply system.

Department of Electrical Engineering--GCET

 G.H.PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY V.V.NAGAR
2180901-TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Department of Electrical Engineering
Date: / /20

Application of Transformer according to Vector Group

1) Dyn11, Dyn1, YNd1, YNd11
Common for distribution transformers.
 Normally Dyn11 vector group using at distribution system. Because Generating
Transformer are YNd1 for neutralizing the load angle between 11 and 1.
 We can use Dyn1 at distribution system, when we are using Generator Transformer are
YNd11.
 In some industries 6 pulse electric drives are using due to this 5thharmonics will generate
if we use Dyn1 it will be suppress the 5th harmonics.
 Star point facilitates mixed loading of three phase and single phase consumer connections.
 The delta winding carry third harmonics and stabilizes star point potential.
 A delta-Star connection is used for step-up generating stations. If HV winding is star
connected there will be saving in cost of insulation.
 But delta connected HV winding is common in distribution network, for feeding motors
and lighting loads from LV side.
2) Star-Star (Yy0 or Yy6)
 Mainly used for large system tie-up transformer.
 Most economical connection in HV power system to interconnect between two delta
systems and to provide neutral for grounding both of them.
 Tertiary winding stabilizes the neutral conditions. In star connected transformers, load
can be connected between line and neutral, only if the source side transformers is delta
connected or the source side is star connected with neutral connected back to the source
neutral.
 In this transformers. Insulation cost is highly reduced. Neutral wire can permit mixed
loading.
 Triple harmonics are absent in the lines. These triple harmonic currents cannot flow,
unless there is a neutral wire. This connection produces oscillating neutral.
 Three phase shell type units have large triple harmonic phase voltage. However three
phase core type transformers work satisfactorily.
 A tertiary mesh connected winding may be required to stabilize the oscillating neutral due
to third harmonics in three phase banks.

3) Delta – Delta (Dd0 or Dd6)

 This is an economical connection for large low voltage transformers.
 Large unbalance of load can be met without difficulty.
 Delta permits a circulating path for triple harmonics thus attenuates the same.
 It is possible to operate with one transformer removed in open delta or” V” connection
meeting 58 percent of the balanced load.
 Three phase units cannot have this facility. Mixed single phase loading is not possible
due to the absence of neutral.
Department of Electrical Engineering--GCET
 G.H.PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY V.V.NAGAR
2180901-TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Department of Electrical Engineering
Date: / /20

Application of Transformer according to Uses

Step up Transformer It should be Yd1 or Yd11.

Step down It should be Dy1 or Dy11.

Transformer
Grounding purpose It should be Yz1 or Dz11.
Transformer
Distribution We can consider vector group of Dzn0 which
Transformer reduce the 75% of harmonics in secondary
side.
Power Transformer Vector group depend on application, eg:
Generating Transformer: Dyn1,
Furnace Transformer: Ynyn0.

 VECTOR GROUP CHECK TEST Yd11

 Connect neutral point of star connected winding with earth. Join 1U of HV and 2W of
LV together. Apply 415 V, three phase supply to HV terminals.
 Measure voltages between terminals 2U-1N, 2V-1N, 2W-1N, that means voltages
between each LV terminal and HV neutral.
 Also measure voltages between terminals 2V-1V, 2W-1W and 2V-1W.
Department of Electrical Engineering--GCET
 G.H.PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY V.V.NAGAR
2180901-TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Department of Electrical Engineering
Date: / /20

 For YNd11 transformer, we will find,

 2U-1N > 2V-1N > 2W-1N; 2V-1W > 2V-1V or 2W-1W.
 The vector group check test of transformer for other groups can also be done in
similar way.

 VECTOR GROUP CHECK TEST Dy11

 Connect terminals 1U, 2U together.

 Apply three phase 415 V, 50 HZ, AC to HV terminals 1U,1V,1W.
 Measure voltages between terminals 1V-2V, 1V-2W, 1W-2V, 1W-2W & 1V-2n, 2n-1U, 1V-
1U.

Circuit Diagram:

Department of Electrical Engineering--GCET

 G.H.PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY V.V.NAGAR
2180901-TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Department of Electrical Engineering
Date: / /20

Circuit Diagram:

Department of Electrical Engineering--GCET

 G.H.PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY V.V.NAGAR
2180901-TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Department of Electrical Engineering
Date: / /20

Observation Table

Dy1

Sr no VRB VRN VBN VBb VBy VYb VYy

1

Dy11

Sr VRY VRN VYN VYb VYy VBb VBy

1
2

Calculation:

Department of Electrical Engineering--GCET

 G.H.PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY V.V.NAGAR
2180901-TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Department of Electrical Engineering
Date: / /20

Conclusion:

Questions:

1. Choice between Star connection and Delta connection of Three Phase

Transformer.
2. What is importance of Vector group testing of the transformer?
3. Draw the phasor diagram for vector group testing of transformer.
1) Yd1
2) Yd11
3) Yy0
4) Yy6
5) Dd0
6) Dd6

Department of Electrical Engineering--GCET