MBD Sure-Shot Chem MTPs Solved PDF

MODEL QUESTION PAPERS FOR PRACTICE
Model Question Paper — I

CLASS—XII
SUBJECT—CHEMISTRY
Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70
General Instructions:
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(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Question nos. 1 to 20 are very short answer questions and carry 1 mark each.
(iii) Question nos. 21 to 27 are short answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
(iv) Question nos. 28 to 34 are also short answer questions and carry 3 marks each.
(v) Question nos. 35 to 37 are long answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
(vi) Use log tables if necessary. Use of calculators in not allowed.
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SECTION-A
1. Which of the following is adsorbed by charcoal to maximum extent?
(a) Cl2 (b) CO2
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(c) N2 (d) O2
Ans. (b)
2. Zone refining is employed for preparing ultrapure sample of
(a) Na (b) Zn
(c) Ge (d) Cu
Ans. (c)
3. Pure water has the molality
D
(a) 50.5 (b) 55.5
(c) 60.5 (d) 18
Ans. (b)
B
4. How is the molality of a solution different from its molarity?

Ans. Molality of a solution is the number of moles of solute dissolved per 1000 g of the solvent,
whereas molarity of the solution is number of moles of solute dissolved per litre of the solution.
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5. The number of moles of NaCl in 3 litres of 3 M solution is :

(a) 1 (b) 3
(c) 9 (d) 27
Ans. (c)
6. If a graph is plotted between ln k and 1/T for the first order reaction, the slope of the straight
line so obtained is given by
Ea Ea
(a) −
(b) −
R 2.303 R
M-1
MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 1 7/1/2019 1:14:44 PM

M-2 MBD Sure Shot CBSE Question Bank Chemistry - XII
2.303 Ea
(c) −
(d) −
Ea . R 2.303
Ans. (a)
7. The presence of electric charge on the colloidal particles is indicated by the experiment
(a) Osmosis (b) Electrolysis
(c) Dialysis (d) Electrophoresis
Ans. (d)
8. Which out of Cu2Cl2 and CuCl2 is more stable and why?
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Ans. CuCl2 is more stable due to high enthalpy of hydration of Cu2+ (aq) than that of Cu+ (aq),
9. On what factor does the half-life period of a first order reaction depend?
Ans. The half-life period of a first order reaction depends upon the rate constant of reaction
10. If the rate constant of a reaction is mol L–1s–1, then the reaction is of ___________ .
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(first order/zero order)
Ans. zero order

11. After five half-life periods for a first order reaction the fraction of reactants remains
_______________. ( 1 / 1 )
32 64
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1
Ans.
32
12. The fading away of fabric colours is the damaging effect of ___________________ .
(electrochemistry/photochemistry)
Ans. photochemistry
13. For redox reaction to proceed in a cell, the e.m.f. must be negative. (True or False)
Ans. False: The e.m.f.must be positive
D
14. The enzyme zymase is used to convert glucose into ethyl alcohol. (True or False)
Ans. True
15. Fog is a colloidal system of gas dispersed in a gas. (True or False)
B
Ans. False
16. V2O5: Contact process :: Ni in presence of hydrogen: ______________
Ans. vegetable oil to ghee
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17. NiCl2·4H2O:__________ : : CoCl2·6H2O : pink

Ans. Green
The questions given below consist of an Assertion and a Reason. Use the following key to choose the
appropriate answer:
(a) If both assertion and reason are CORRECT and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are CORRECT but reason is NOT THE CORRECT explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If assertion is CORRECT but reason is INCORRECT.
(d) If assertion is INCORRECT but reason is CORRECT.
(e)
If both assertion and reason are INCORRECT.

Model Question Papers for Practice M-3
18. Assertion: The complex ion trans- [Co(en)2Cl2]+ is optically active.

Reason: It is an octahedral complex.
Ans. (b)
19. Assertion: NF3 is weaker ligand than N(CH3)3.
Reason: NF3 ionises to give F–ions in aqueous solution.
Ans. (c)
20. Assertion: The complex [Co(NH3)3Cl3] does not give precipitate with silver nitrate solution.
Reason: The given complex is non-ionisable.
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Ans. (a)
SECTION-B
21. State Henry’s law correlating the pressure of a gas and its solubility in a solvent and mention two
applications for the law.
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Ans. Henry’s law states that at a constant temperature the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly
proportional to the pressure of the gas. If mole fraction (x) is the measure of the solubility of the
gas, then
x∝p
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or x = K′p
or p = KH.x

where KH is called Henry law constant.

Applications of Henry’s law are:
(i) To increase the solubility of CO2 in soft drinks and soda water, the bottles are sealed under
high pressure.
(ii) In lungs where the oxygen is present in air with high partial pressure, oxygen combines
with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin. In tissues the partial pressure of oxygen is low
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and therefore, oxyhaemoglobin releases oxygen which is used for cellular activities.
22. Why is osmotic pressure of 1 M solution of NaCl approximately double than 1M solution of sugar?
Ans. Osmotic pressure is a colligative property and depends upon the number of particles of solute
B
in the solution. 1M solution of NaCl will give double the number of particles as are given by 1M
solution of sugar, because each molecule of NaCl dissociates into two particles ; Na+ and Cl— ions
as:
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NaCl → Na+ + Cl—

Hence, osmotic pressure of 1M solution of NaCl will be approximately double than that of 1M
solution of sugar.
23. What criterion is followed for the selection of the stationary phase in chromatography?
Ans. The stationary phase acts as an adsorbent and may have the following characteristics:
(i) It should have high and selective adsorption power.
(ii) It should be finely divided to offer greater surface area for adsorption.
(iii) The mechanical stability of stationary phase must be high to prevent the formation of dust
which might be deposited in the channels of packing.

(iv) It should not react chemically either with the sample components or with the eluting
solvents.
(v) It should be pure.
24. How are XeF2 and XeF4 prepared?

Ans. Preparation of XeF2 and XeF4.
XeF2. It is prepared by heating a mixture of xenon and fluorine in the molar ratio of
2 : 1 at 673 K in a nickel tube.
Ni
Xe + F2  → XeF2
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673 K
XeF4. It is prepared by passing a mixture of Xe and F2 in the molar ratio of 1 : 5 through a nickel
tube at 673 K under pressure of 5—6 atm.
673 K
Xe + 2F2 
5 − 6 atm
→ XeF4
25. Calculate the magnetic moment of a divalent ion and a trivalent ion in aqueous solution if its
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atomic number is 25.
Ans. Divalent ion having atomic number 25 will have d 5 electronic configuration.
No. of unpaired electrons = 5

Magnetic moment, µ = n (n + 2) = 5 (5 + 2) = 5.92 B.M.
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Trivalent ion having atomic number 25 will have d4 electronic configuration.

No. of unpaired electrons = 4

Magnetic moment, µ = 4 (4 + 2) = 4.90 B.M.
26. Give one example of use of complex formation method for the extraction of metals.
Ans. Silver can be extracted from its ores by the cyanide process. In the process, silver passes into
solution with the formation of complex Na[Ag(CN)2].
D

+ 4NaCN 2Na[ Ag(CN)2 ] + Na 2S
Ag2S
(silver ore)

Silver is extracted from the solution by treating with zinc dust when silver precipitates out.
B
2Na[ Ag(CN)2 ] + Zn → Na 2[Zn(CN)4 ] + 2 Ag

27. How do you account for the fact that unlike phenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol
are soluble in aqueous sodium carbonate solution?
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Ans. Nitro group is electron withdrawing group and it stabilizes the phenoxide ion by dispersing the
negative charge on the oxygen. As a result, the acidic strength of nitro phenols is more than that
of phenol. This effect is more pronounced at o- and p-positions. Therefore 2, 4-dinitrophenol
and 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenols are more acidic than phenol. As a result, they are stronger acids than
carbonic acid (H2CO3). Hence, they react with Na2CO3 to form their corresponding salts and
dissolve in aqueous sodium carbonate solution with the evolution of CO2.
SECTION-C
28. Why are aliphatic carboxylic acids stronger acids than phenols?
Ans. The difference in the relative acidic strengths can be understood by comparing the resonance
hybrids of carboxylate ion and phenoxide ion.

RCOOH RCOO— + H+
—
OH O
+ H+
Phenol Phenoxide ion
The resonance hybrids may be represented as:
Oδ- Oδ-
R—C
Oδ-
Oδ-
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Carboxylate ion Phenoxide ion
The electron charge in the carboxylate ion is more dispersed in comparison to the phenate ion
since there are two electronegative oxygen atoms in carboxylate ion as compared to only one
oxygen atom in phenoxide ion. In other words, the carboxylate ion is relatively more stable as
compared to phenate ion.Thus, the release of H+ ion from carboxylic acid is comparatively easier
or it behaves as a stronger acid than phenol.
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29. The mole fraction of water in a sulphuric acid solution is 0.85. Calculate the molality of the
solution.
Ans Mole fraction of water in solution = 0.85
Mole fraction of H2SO4 in solution = 1 — 0.85 = 0.15.

If n1 is the number of moles of water and n2 is the number of moles of H2SO4 in the solution, then
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n2
Mole fraction of H2SO4 =
= 0.15
n1 + n2

Molality of H2SO4 solution means the number of moles of H2SO4 present in 1000 g of H2O. Thus,
we have, w1 = 1000 g
1000

or n1 = = 55.55, n2 = ?
18
n2
D
= 0.15
55.55 + n2
n2 = 0.15 n2 + 8.3325

or n2 = 9.8
B
∴ Molality = 9.8 m
30. (a) Explain the following:
(i) CO2 is always present in natural water. Explain its effect (increases, stops or no effect)
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on rusting of iron.
(ii) Rusting of iron is quicker in saline water than in ordinary water.

(b) Discuss electrical protection for preventing rusting of iron pipes in underground water.
OR

For a first order reaction, calculate the ratio between the time taken to complete three-fourth
of the reaction and the time taken to complete half of reaction.
Ans. (a) (i) Presence of CO2 in natural water increases rusting of iron. It dissolves in water to form
H2CO3 which gives H+ ions. The H+ ions accelerate the process of corrosion.
In rusting of iron, Fe oxidises to Fe2+ ions
Fe (s) Fe2+ (aq) + 2e— (anode)

The released electrons go to the cathode and reduce oxygen in the presence of H+ ions which is
obtained from H2CO3. The reaction occurs at cathode. Thus, CO2 increases rusting.
O2 (g) + 4H+ (aq) + 4e— 2H2O (l)

(ii) R
usting of iron is quicker in saline water than in ordinary water. This is mainly due to the fact
that saline water increases the electrical conductivity of electrolyte solution formed on the
metal surface. Therefore, rusting becomes more serious problem where salt water is present.

(b) In this method iron articles which are in contact with water, such as underground water
pipes, are protected from rusting. The iron article is connected with more active metals like
magnesium or zinc. This prevents its tendency to lose electrons and therefore, corrosion is
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prevented. The cathodes of magnesium or zinc can be fixed to the surface of iron or burried
in sub-soil water nearby the pipes.
OR
Ans. For a first order reaction,
2.303 [ A ]0

t= log
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k [A ]
3

For th of a reaction to take place, let [A]0 = a and at t = t¾
4
3 1
[A] = a −
a= a
4 4
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2.303 a 2.303
Thus, t¾ =
log = log 4 ...(i)
k 1 k
a
4

Now, for half of a reaction to take place,
1 1
t = t½; [A] = a − a= a
2 2
2.303 a 2.303
D
Thus, t½ =
log = log 2 ...(ii)
k a k
2

Dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii),
B
t3/4 log 4 0.6020

= = =2
t1/2 log 2 0.3010

3
M

Thus, the time required for th of the reaction to occur is two times that required for half of
4
the reaction.
31. Define chelate and chelating ligand. Give one example.
OR
Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous solution contaning 10.50 g of MgBr2 in 200 g of water
(Molar mass of MgBr2 = 184 g mol–1, Kf = for water = 1.86K kg mol–1).
Ans. Chelate and chelating ligand. When a bidentate or a polydentate ligand is attached by two or
more donor atoms to the same central metal ion and forms a ring structure, the ligand is called
a chelating ligand. The cyclic complex formed is called a chelate complex. For example:

Ethylenediamine or ethane-1, 2-diamine (NH2CH2CH2NH2) acts as chelating ligand and forms a
chelate [Cu(NH2CH2CH2NH2)2]2+ as shown below:

H2 H2
H2C N N CH2
Cu
H2C N N CH2
H2 H2
Chelate complex
OR
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10.50
Ans. Moles of MgBr2 =
184

= 0.0571 mol
Mass of water = 200 g

0.0571

Molality = × 1000
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200

= 0.2855 m

MgBr2 ionizes as:

MgBr2 Mg2+ + 2Br—
Assuming complete dissociation of MgBr2, i = 3

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Freezing point depression
∆Tf = i × Kf × m
= 3 × 1.86 × 0.2855
= 1.59
Freezing point = 0 - 1.59° C = - 1.59° C

32. Write structures of different isomers corresponding to the molecular formula, C3H9N. Write
IUPAC names of the isomers which will liberate nitrogen gas on treatment with nitrous acid.
D
Ans. Four structural isomers are possible

CH3CH2CH2NH2 CH3 CH CH3 CH3 NH C2H5 CH3 N CH3
Propan–1–amine N-Methylethanamine
NH2 CH3
B
(1º) (2º)
Propan–2–amine N,N-Dimethylmethanamine
(1º) (3º)

Only 1º amines react with HNO2 to liberate N2 gas.
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CH3CH2CH2NH2 + HNO2 CH3CH2CH2OH + H2O + N2

Propan-1-amine Propan-1-ol
H3C H3 C
CH NH2 + HNO2 CHOH + N2 + H2O
H 3C H3 C
Propan-2-amine Propan-2-ol
33. Explain the following:

(a) Denaturation of proteins
(b) Mutation in DNA.

OR
Calculate the molar conductance of a solution of MgCl2 at infinite dilution given that the molar
ionic conductances of λ∞(Mg2+) = 106.1 S cm2 mol—1 and λ∞ (Cl—) = 76.3 S cm2 mol—1.
Ans. (a) Denaturation of proteins. Whenever proteins are subjected to changes in pH, action of heat,
presence of electrolytes and radiations, they undergo structural changes leading to even the
opening up of the folded structure. The changed state of proteins is called denaturation state.
This causes a permanent loss of activity of proteins.
(b) Mutation in DNA. It is a chemical change in a DNA molecule that could lead to synthesis
of proteins with different amino acid sequence. The changes in DNA molecule can occur
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spontaneously or it may be caused by radiation, chemical agents or viruses. The damage
caused by mutation is repaired by special enzymes in the cell. The altered proteins caused
by mutation may lose their biological activities and thus causing the death of the cell. The
defective genes can also cause abnormalities or diseases.
OR
Ans. λ (MgCl2) = λ (Mg2+) + 2λ∞(Cl—)
∞ ∞
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λ∞(Mg2+) = 106.1 S cm2mol—1,
λ∞(Cl—) = 76.3 S cm2mol—1
∞
Λm (MgCl2) = 106.1 + 2 (76.3)
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= 258.7 S cm2mol—1.
34. Explain briefly the mechanism for cationic addition polymerisation.
Ans. In cationic addition polymerization, the initiator is cationic in nature, which on addition to the
double bond generates cationic intermediate for propagating the addition chain process.
For example,
Chain initiation step
+
H+ + CH2 == CH CH3 == CH (G is electron donating group)
D

G G
Vinyl monomer
Chain propagating step

B
+ +
H3C —— CH + CH2 == CH H3C —— CH —— CH2 —— CH

G G G G
+
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H3C —— CH ——  CH2 CH  —— CH2 ——CH

 
G  G  n G
Chain terminating step

The chain reaction is terminated by combination of carbocation with a negative ion by the loss
of a proton.
+ —
CH3 —— CH ——  CH2 CH  —— CH2 ——CH + HSO4
 
G  G  n G
CH3 —— CH ——  CH2 CH  —— CH2 CH + H2SO4
 

G  G  n G

SECTION-D
35. Account for the following :
(i) It is difficult to prepare pure amines by ammonolysis of alkyl halides.
(ii) Amines are higher boiling compounds than hydrocarbons of corresponding molecular masses
but have lower boiling points than the corresponding alcohols or carboxylic acids.
OR

H
ow is the activation of benzene ring by the amino group reduced by acetylating aniline
during nitration ?
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Ans. (i) By ammonolysis of alkyl halides, a mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary amines is
formed.
RX RX RX RX

NH3 R——NH2 R2NH R 3H R4N+X—
1º Amine 2º Amine 3º Amine Quaternary salt
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T
he separation of these amines is very difficult. Thus, it is very difficult to prepare pure
amines by ammonolysis of alkyl halides.

(ii) Amines are polar in nature (except tertiary amines). Therefore, they can form intermolecular
hydrogen bonds as shown below:
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CH3 CH3 CH3
H N H N H N
H H H

Due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding, the boiling points of amines are higher than non-polar
hydrocarbons of nearly same molecular masses. For example, ethane (molecular mass = 30) has
lower boiling point (184.5 K) than methylamine (molecular mass = 31, bp. = 265.5 K).
D

Alcohols and carboxylic acids also have hydrogen bonding. But due to higher electronegativity
of oxygen in comparison to nitrogen, the hydrogen bonding in alcohols and carboxylic acids are
stronger than in amines. Therefore, the boiling points of amines are lower than those of alcohols
and carboxylic acids of nearly same molecular mass.
B
OR
Ans. Aniline is very reactive. The direct nitration of aniline is unsatisfactory because of the
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susceptibility of the ring towards oxidation with nitric acid. However, to carry out nitration, the
activation of benzene ring is reduced by first acetylating aniline with acetyl chloride.
NH2 NHCOCH3
+ CH3COCI + HCI
Acetanilide

Acetanilide is then treated with dil. HNO3 to give a mixture of ortho and para nitro acetanilides
which is hydrolysed to give ortho and para nitro anilines.

NHCOCH3 NHCOCH3 NHCOCH3
dil. HNO3 NO2

+
o-Nitro acetanilide
NO2
p-Nitro acetanilide
H2O
NH2 NH2
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NO2
+
o-Nitroaniline
NO2
p-Nitroaniline
36. (a) Give the IUPAC name of [PtCl(NH2CH3)(NH3)2]Cl.
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(b) Compare the magnetic behaviour of the complex entities [Fe(CN)6]4— and [FeF6]3—.
OR
(a) Explain giving reasons:
(i) Transition elements and their compounds exhibit paramagnetic behaviour.
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(ii) Transition elements and their compounds are found to be good catalysts.
(iii) The enthalpies of atomization of the transition elements are high.
(b) Compare the chemistry of actinoids with that of the lanthanoids in reference to:
(i) Atomic and ionic sizes
(ii) Oxidation states
Ans. (a) Diamminechlorido(methylamine)platinum(II)chloride.
(b) In [Fe(CN)6]4—, iron is in +2 oxidation state and has 3d 6 configuration.

D
In the formation of complex, it involves d2sp3 hybridisation and all the electrons get paired. It

is, therefore, diamagnetic and is inner orbital complex.
Fe2+

B
3d 6
[Fe(CN)6]4—
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d 2 sp3 –hybridisation
In [FeF6]3— iron is in +3 oxidation state and has 3d5 configuration.

In the formation of the complex, it involves sp3d2 hybridisation and all the five electrons remain

unpaired. It has, therefore, five unpaired electrons and is paramagnetic. It is outer orbital
complex.
Fe3+

3d 5
[Fe F6]3—
sp3d 2–hybridisation

OR
Ans. (a) (i) Most of the compounds of transition elements contain unpaired electrons in their
(n—1) d-subshells. Therefore, they are paramagnetic in nature and are attracted by the magnetic
field. The magnetic character is expressed in terms of magnetic moment. The larger the number
of unpaired electrons in a substance, the greater is the paramagnetic character and larger is the
magnetic moment. The magnetic moment is expressed in Bohr magneton abbreviated as B.M.
For example, Ti2+ has 2 unpaired electrons and has less magnetic moment than V2+ which has
3 unpaired electrons. Mn2+ has 5 unpaired electrons and has maximum magnetic moment among
the divalent transition metal ions because d-subshell can have maximum of 5 unpaired electrons.
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(ii) Some transition metals and their compounds act as good catalysts for various reactions. The
common examples are Fe, Co, Ni, V, Cr, Mn, Pt etc. For example:

Iron-molybdenum is used as catalysts in the Haber’s process for the manufacture of NH3.

V2O5 is used for the oxidation of SO2 to SO3 in the Contact process for the manufacture of
H2SO4.
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The transition metals form reaction intermediates with the substrate by using empty
d-orbitals. These intermediates give reaction paths of lower activation energy and,
therefore, increase the rate of reaction. For example, during the conversion of SO2 to SO3,
V2O5 is used as a catalyst. Solid V2O5 absorbs a molecule of SO2 on the surface forming V2O4
and the oxygen is given to SO2 to form SO3. The divanadium tetraoxide is then converted to
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V2O5 by reaction with oxygen:
V2O5 + SO2 SO3 + V2O4

Catalyst Divanadium
tetraoxide
2V2O4 + O2 2V2O5

(iii) The transition metals have high melting and boiling points. These suggest that the atoms of
these elements are held together by strong forces and have high enthalpy of atomization.
D

(b) (i) Actinoids show actinoid contraction like lanthanoids but the contraction is greater from
element to element in the series resulting from poor shielding by 5f-electrons.
(ii) Actinoids show oxidation states of +2 to +7 but lanthanoids show oxidation states of +2 to
B
+4 only.
37. (i) Ammonia is a good complexing agent. Explain.
(ii) PCl5 exists as [PCl6]- [PCl4]+ but PBr5 exists as [PBr4]+ [Br]-. Explain.
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(iii) PCl5 is known but PI5 is not known. Why?

(iv) Suggest a method for the laboratory preparation of DCl. Write a balanced equation for the
reaction.
(v) H3PO3 is diprotic acid. Explain.
OR
(a) List the factors on which the rate of a chemical reaction depends.
(b) The half-life for decay of radioactive 14C is 5730 years. An archaeological artefact containing
wood has only 80% of the 14C activity as found in living trees. Calculate the age of the artefact.
Ans. (i) Ammonia is a good complexing agent because of the presence of lone pair of electrons on
nitrogen. This lone pair can easily be donated to electron deficient compounds forming

complexes. For example, it reacts with Cu2+ ion to form a deep blue coloured complex.
Cu2+(aq) + 4NH3(aq) [Cu(NH3)4]2+
Complex
(deep blue)
(ii) Both PCl5 and PBr5 have trigonal bipyramidal geometry. This is not a regular structure and
is not very stable. Therefore, PCl5 splits up into more stable octahedral and tetrahedral
structures, which are stable than trigonal bipyramidal.
PCl5 [PCl6]- [PCl4]+
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On the other hand, PBr5 splits up into stable tetrahedral structure as:
[PBr5] [PBr4]+ [Br]-

This splitting is different from PCl5 because Br atoms are large and six atoms of Br cannot
be easily accommodated around smaller P atom.
(iii) Due to small size of Cl atom, five Cl atoms can be accommodated around P atom. But I is of
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large size and therefore, five I atoms cannot be accommodated around P atom. As a result,
P–I bonds are weak and prefer to form PI3 rather than PI5.
(iv) Hydrolysis of PCl5 with heavy water (D2O) gives DCl.
PCl5 + D 2O POCl3 + 2DCl
Heavy water
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(v) H3PO3 has three H atoms and, therefore, it is expected to be tribasic. However, in its
structure two hydrogen atoms are joined through oxygen atoms and are ionisable. The
third H atom is linked to P and is non-ionisable.
O
P
2-
H3PO3 HPO3 + 2H+
HO H
D
OH
OR
(a) List the factors on which the rate of a chemical reaction depends.
(b) The half-life for decay of radioactive 14C is 5730 years. An archaeological artefact containing
B
wood has only 80% of the 14C activity as found in living trees. Calculate the age of the artefact.
Ans. (a) The important factors on which the rate of a chemical reaction depends are:
(i) nature of reactants
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(ii) concentration of reactants

(iii) temperature
(iv) surface area of reactants
(v) presence of a catalyst.
(b) Decay constant,
0.693
k=
t 12
t½ = 5730 year
0.693
∴
k= = 1.209 × 10 −4 year −1
5730 y

14

Since the rate of counts is proportional to the number of C atoms in the sample,
N0 = 100, N = 80
2.303 N
Now t = log 0
k N
2.303 100
= −4
log
1.209 × 10 80
2.303
= = 1846 year.
1.209 × 10 −4 × 0.0969
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Model Question Paper — II

CLASS—XII
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SUBJECT—CHEMISTRY
General Instructions: Same as Model Question Paper-1

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SECTION-A
1. The constant boiling mixtures are called

(a) isotonic solutions (b) ideal solutions

(c) azeotropes (d) non-ideal solutions
Ans. (c)
2. The metal used for galvanization of iron is.
D

(a) magnesium (b) zinc

(c) aluminium (d) copper
Ans. (b)
B
3. The hybridisation state of S in SO2 is

(a) sp (b) sp2
(c) sp3 (d) sp3d
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Ans. (c)
4. Which of the following is not a favourable condition for physical adsorption ?

(a) high pressure
(b) negative
ΔH

(c) higher critical temperature of adsorbate
(d) high
temperature
Ans. (d)

5. Which of the following reactions is an example of auto reduction ?

(a) Fe3O4 + 4CO → 3Fe + 4CO2

(b) Cu2O
+ C → 2Cu + CO
2+

(c) Cu (aq) + Fe (s) → Cu (s) + Fe2+ (aq)
(d) Cu2O
+ 1 Cu2S → 3Cu + 1 SO2
2 2
Ans. (d)
up
6. Which of the following halogen shows only negative oxidation state ?

(a) Chlorine (b) Bromine

(c) Fluorine (d) Iodine
Ans. (a)
7. The magnetic nature of elements depends on the presence of unpaired electrons. Identify the
ro
configuration of transition element, which shows highest magnetic moment—
(a) 3d 7
(b) 3d 5
(c) 3d 8
(d) 3d 2
Ans. (b)
|G
8. What is the IUPAC name of [Co(NH3)5CO3]Cl?
Ans. Pentaamminecarbonatocobalt (III) chloride
9. Which vitamin contains cobalt?
Ans. Vitamin B12
10. The number of ions produced from [Co(NH3)6CO3]Cl3 in solution is .....(6/4)
D
Ans. 4
11. The colour of [TiF6]3- (aq) is ...........(purple/blue)
Ans. Purple
B
12. Write the uses of tantalum.

Ans. Tantalum is used in making bone nails for surgery because it is highly resistant to corrosion.
M
13. Write the general electronic configuration of f-block elements.

Ans. (n-2)f1-14 (n-1)d0-1ns2
14. KMnO4 is coloured because Mn in KMnO4 can undergo d-d transitions. (True/False)
Ans. False: Mn in KMnO4 is in +7 oxidation state with 3d0 configuration. So, colour of KMnO4 is due to
charge transfer but not due to d-d transition.
15. Out of H2O and H2S, H2O has higher boiling point (True/False)
Ans. True: H2O has higher boiling point due to hydrogen bonding.
16. SF4: Sea-raw shaped :: NH4+ : ........
Ans. Tetrahedral

17. Mercury cell: ......... :: Fuel cell : Maximum efficiency

Ans. Gives steady potential
The questions given below consist of an Assertion and a Reason. Use the following key to choose
the appropriate answer:
(a) If both assertion and reason are CORRECT and reason is the CORRECT explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are CORRECT but, reason is NOT THE CORRECT explanation of
the assertion.
up
(c) If assertion is CORRECT but, reason is INCORRECT.
(d) If assertion is INCORRECT but, reason is CORRECT.
e) If both assertion and reason are INCORRECT.
(
18. Assertion : The sum of mole fractions of all components of a solution is unity.
Reason : Mole fraction is independent of temperature.
ro
Ans. (b)
19. Assertion : Sodium chloride is used to clear snow on the roads.
Reason : Sodium chloride depresses the freezing point of water.
Ans. (a)
|G
20. Assertion : Cooking time in pressure cookers is reduced.
Reason : Boiling point inside the pressure cooker is raised.
Ans. (b)
SECTION-B
21. Henry’s law constant for the molality of methane in benzene at 298 K is 4.27 × 105 mm Hg. Calculate
the solubility of methane in benzene at 298 K under 760 mm Hg.
D
Ans. p=k×C
760 mm = 4.25 × 105 mm × C
760
C=
B
4.25 × 105
=1.78 × 10-3.
22. What is electrode potential?

M
Ans. Electrode potential. The tendency of an electrode in a half cell to lose or gain electrons when
it is in contact with the solution of its own ions is called electrode potential. The electrode
potential of a particular electrode depends upon the concentration of the solution in which the
electrode is dipped. It is expressed in volts.
23. What are pseudo first order reactions ? Give one example.
Ans. The reactions which appear to be of higher order but actually follow first order kinetics are
called pseudo first order reactions. For example, hydrolysis of sugar is a pseudo first order
reaction though it appears to be of second order :
C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Sugar Glucose Fructose

24. When do we use the term sorption ?

Ans. In some cases, both absorption and adsorption occur simultaneously. As a result, it is not
possible to distinguish whether the substance has been absorbed or adsorbed. In such cases,
the substances get uniformly distributed into the bulk of the solid, but at the same time, its
concentration is higher at the surface than in the bulk. In such cases the term 'sorption' is used
as suggested by McBain.
25. The reaction :
SO2Cl2 SO2 + Cl2 is a first order reaction. The half/life period of this reaction is 60
minutes. Calculate the rate constant of this reaction.
up
0.693
Ans. t1/2 = for a first order reaction
k
0.693 0.693
or k= = = 1.9 × 10 −4 s−1
t1 60 × 60
2
26. Why is copper matte put in silica lined converter ?
ro
Ans. The copper matte containing Cu2S and FeS is put in silica lined convertor. Some silica is also added
and hot air blast is blown to convert remaining FeS to FeO, which is removed as slag with silica.
2FeS + O2 2FeO + 2SO2
FeO + SiO2 FeSiO3
Cu2S or CuO gets converted to copper.
|G
2Cu2S + 3O2 2Cu2O + 2SO2
2Cu2O + Cu2S 6 Cu + SO2
27. OF6 is not known but SF6 is known. Explain.
Ans. The electronic configuration of oxygen is 1s22s22p2x 2py12pz1 . The outermost shell does not
contain d-orbitals and therefore, it cannot extend its octet. Hence, it can form maximum of
four bonds and cannot form hexafluoride (OF6). On the other hand, S has vacant d-orbital in its
outermost shell and, therefore, it can extend its octet. Hence, hexafluoride of sulphur (SF6) is
known.
D
SECTION-C
B
28. Explain why transition metals have high melting and boiling points.
Ans. The melting and boiling points of transition metals are high. The high melting and boiling points
suggest that the atoms of these elements are held together by strong forces. This is due to the
strong interactions of electrons in the partially filled d-subshells. In general, larger the number
M
of unpaired d-electrons, stronger is the bonding between the atoms. Due to stronger binding
forces, enthalpies of atomisation are also large.
29. How would you account for the fact that :
[Ti(H2O)6]3+ is coloured while [Sc(H2O)6]3+ is colourless?
Ans. The melting and boiling points of transition metals are high. The high melting and boiling points
suggest that the atoms of these elements are held together by strong forces. This is due to the
strong interactions of electrons in the partially filled d-subshells. In general, larger the number
of unpaired d-electrons, stronger is the bonding between the atoms. Due to stronger binding
forces, enthalpies of atomisation are also large.
30. (a) Sulphur disappears when boiled with an aqueous alkaline solution of sodium sulphite. Why?
(b) SOCl2 can act as a weak Lewis acid as well as a weak Lewis base. Explain.

Ans. (a) W
hen sulphur is boiled with aqueous alkaline solution of sodium sulphite, it forms sodium
thiosulphate, which is soluble in water. Therefore, sulphur disappears.

(b) The basic character of SOCl2 is due to the presence of a lone pair of electrons on S atom,
like ammonia. It has a pyramidal structure involving sp3 hybridisation with a lone pair of
electrons as:
S

ClCl
up
O

So, Lewis basic character is due to the presence of a lone pair. In addition, SOCl2 has also empty
d-orbitals which can be used to accept electron pairs and hence it behaves as a Lewis acid.
31. How would you differentiate between SN1 and SN2 mechanisms of substitution reactions ? Give
one example of each.
ro
OR
Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous solution contaning 10.50 g of MgBr2 in 200 g of
water (Molar mass of MgBr2 = 184 g mol-1, Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
Ans. The SN1 reaction occurs in two steps and the reaction is of first order.
The SN2 reaction occurs in one step and the reaction is of second order.
|G
These can also be distinguished as :
In SN1 reaction retention of configuration takes place while in SN2 reaction inversion of
configuration takes place.
SN2 reaction :

H H
H
d− d−
—
HO + C HO C Br C + Br—
D
H Br H H
H H HO
H
B

SN1 reaction :
+

(CH3)3 C − Br

−
(CH3)3 C + Br t
M

Carbocation
+

(CH3)3 C + OH−

(CH3)3 COH
OR
10.50
Ans. Moles of MgBr2 =
184
= 0.0571 molw

Mass of water = 200 g
0.0571

Molality = × 1000
200
= 0.2855 m

MgBr2 ionizes as :

MgBr2 Mg2+ + 2Br-
Assuming complete dissociation of MgBr2, i = 3
Freezing point depression
∆Tf = i × Kf × m
= 3 × 1.86 × 0.2855
= 1.59
up
Freezing point = 0 - 1.59° C = - 1.59°C
32. (a) How will you prepare tert-butyl alcohol from acetic acid?
Ca(OH)2 Heat
Ans. CH3COOH (CH3COO)2 Ca CH3COCH3
CH3MgBr
CH3
CH3
C
OH
CH3
ro H+, H2O
CH3
CH3
C
CH3
OMgBr
|G
tert-butyl alcohol
33. Explain why oxygen exists as a gas while sulphur exists as a solid at room temperature.
OR
Determine the amount of CaCl2 (i = 2.47) dissolved in 2.5 litres of water such that its
osmotic pressure is 0.75 atm at 27°C.
Ans. Oxygen exists as a stable diatomic molecule and is, therefore a gas, whereas, sulphur exists in
D
solid state as S8 molecule and have puckered ring structure. The main reason for this different
behaviour is that oxygen atom has good tendency to form multiple bonds with itself and form
strong O O bonds than O O bonds.On the other hand, sulphur-sulphur double bonds (S S)
B
are not very strong. As a result, catenated O O O chains are less stable as compared to O
O molecule while catenated S S S chains are more stable as compared to S S molecule.
Therefore, oxygen exists as a diatomic gas and sulphur exists as S8 solid.
M
OR
Ans. For CaCl2, i = 2.47

nB
π = i CRT = i × RT
V
2.47 × nB × 0.082 × 300

0.75 =
2.5
0.75 × 2.5
nB = = 0.03 mol.
2.47 × 0.082 × 300

34. (a) Why do aldehydes and ketones have high dipole moments?
(b) Aliphatic aldehydes do not show position isomers. Why?
(c) Aldehydes and ketones have lower boiling points than corresponding alcohols and acids.
Explain.
OR
What is meant by depression in freezing point ? Will the depression in freezing point be same if
0.1 mole of sodium chloride or 0.1 mole of sugar is dissolved in one litre of water ?
Ans. (a) The carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones contains a double bond between carbon and
up
oxygen atoms. Since oxygen is more electronegative than carbon, the carbonyl group is a
polarised group:
d+ d—
C O

ro

Oxygen has a got a considerable negative charge while carbon has got a considerable positive
charge.

Therefore, aldehydes and ketones have high dipole moments.

(b) In case of aliphatic aldehydes, the CHO group is always present at the end. Therefore,
they do not show position isomerism.
|G

(c) Aldehydes and ketones are polar compounds having suffiecient intermolecular dipole-
dipole interactions between opposite ends of > C O dipoles. However, these dipole-dipole
interactions are weaker than the intermolecular hydrogen bonds present in alcohols and
carboxylic acids. Therefore, boiling points of aldehydes and ketones are lower than alcohols
and carboxylic acids.
OR
Ans. When a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, its vapour pressure is lowered and therefore,
D
the freezing point of the solution is expected to be less than that of the pure solvent. Thus, the
freezing point of a solvent depresses on the addition of a non-volatile solute and this is called
depression in freezing point.
B
The depression in freezing point, ∆Tf has been found to be proportional to molal concentration:
∆Tf ∝ m or ∆Tf = K f m
where Kf is called molal depression constant.
M
The depression in freezing point of 0.1 mole of NaCl and 0.1 mole of sugar will not be same.
Freezing point depression is a colligative property which depends upon the number of solute
particles. NaCl is ionic in nature and will give more number of particles due to its ionisation than
sugar which consists of molecules only.
SECTION-D
35. Explain mutarotation taking D-glucose as an example.
OR
(a) Write reactions to show how glucose separately reacts with

(i) NH2OH
(ii) HNO3
(iii) Ammoniacal AgNO3.
(b) What do you understand by
(i) Denaturation and
(ii) Renaturation of proteins ?
Ans. The two forms of a- and b-glucose exist in separate crystalline forms and have different melting
points and opitical ratations. When either of these two forms are dissolved in water and allowed
up
to stand, these gets converted into the other form and an equilibrium mixture is formed with
small amount of the open chain form :
α-D-glucose
Open chain form β-D-glucose
(36%) (0.02%) (63.98%)
The formation of equilibrium mixture can be explained as :
ro
The α-D-glucose has a specific rotation of +112° while β-D-glucose has a sepcific rotation of
+ 19°. When α- form is dissolved in water, its specific rotation falls until a constant value of
+ 52.7° is reached. On the other hand, when β- form is dissolved in water, its specific rotation
increases and becomes constant at + 52.7°. This change in optical rotation of a solution with
|G
time to an equilibrium value is called mutarotation. During mutarotation the ring opens and
then again closes either in the inverted position or in the original position giving a mixture of
α- and β- forms. Thus, there is an equilibrium mixture of α- and β- forms in the solution.
α-D-glucose
Open chain form β-D-glucose
Sp. rotation = + 112° Sp. rotation = + 52.7° Sp. rotation = + 19°
of equilibrium mixture
OR
D
Ans. (a) (i) HOCH2—(CHOH)4—CHO + NH2OH HOCH2—(CHOH)4—CH NOH
Glucose monoxime
HNO3
B
(ii) HOCH2—(CHOH)4—CHO HOOC—(CHOH)4—COOH
Saccharic acid
(iii) HOCH2—(CHOH)4—CHO + Ag2O HOCH2—(CHOH)4—COOH + 2Ag

M
(From ammoniacal Gluconic acid Silver mirror

AgNO3 solution)
(b) (i) A process which changes the native conformation of a protein is called denaturation. The
denaturation is caused by changes in pH, temperature, presence of salts or certain chemical
agents. The denatured protein will lose its biological activity. During denaturation the
protein molecule uncoils from an ordered and specific conformation into a more random
conformation and protein precipitates from solution. For example, when an egg is boiled in
water, the globular proteins present in it change to a rubber like insoluble mass.
(ii) In some cases, the denaturation process is reversible. It is observed that if the disruptive

agent is removed, the protein recovers its original physical and chemical properties and
biological activity. This reverse process of denaturation is called renaturation.

36. Account for the following observations :

(i) pKb for aniline is more than that for methylamine.
(ii) Methylamine solution in water reacts with ferric chloride solution to give a precipitate of
ferric hydroxide.
(iii) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
OR

Write the reaction involved in the preparation of benzenediazonium chloride. What happens
when benzenediazonium chloride reacts with
up
(i) Cu2Cl2 and (ii) phenol. (give equations for the reactions).
Ans. (i) In aniline, the lone pair of electrons on N atom is delocalized over the benzene ring. As a
result, electron density on the nitrogen decreases. On the other hand, in CH3NH2, + I effect
of CH3 group increases the electron density on N atom. Therefore, aniline is less basic than
methylamine and hence pKb of aniline is higher than that of methylamine.
ro
(ii) M
ethylamine is more basic than water and therefore, accepts a proton from water forming
OH— ions.
+ —
CH3NH2 + H — OH CH3NH3 + OH
These OH— ions combine with Fe3+ ions to form brown ppt. of hydrated ferric oxide.
|G
FeCl3 Fe3+ + 3Cl—
2Fe3+ + 6OH— 2Fe(OH)3 or Fe2O3.3H2O

Hydrated ferric hydroxide
(Brown ppt.)
(iii) Anline being a Lewis base reacts with Lewis acid such as AlCl3 to form a salt.
C6H5NH2 + AlCl3 C6H5NH2AlCl3—
D
Lewis base Lewis acid Salt
As a result, N of aniline acquires + ve charge and hence it acts as a strong deactivating
group for electrophilic substitution reaction. Hence aniline does not undergo Friedel Crafts
B
reaction.
OR
M
Ans. For the preparation of benzene diazonium chloride

NaNO2 + HCl NaCl + HONO
NH2 N2+Cl—
NaNo2
+ NaCl + H2O
HCl, 0–5°C
Aniline Benzene diazonium chloride

Reactions : (i) Chlorobenzene is formed.

N2+Cl— Cl
Cu2Cl2 + N2
Chlorobenzene
(ii) Azo dye is formed.

-

N+ NCl + OH N N OH

up
P-hydroxy azo benzene
(Yellow)
37. (a) W
rite the anode and cathode reactions and the overall reaction occurring in a lead
storage battery.
(b) A
copper silver cell is set up. The copper ion concentration is 0.10 M. The concentration
ro
of silver ion is not known. The cell potential when measured was 0.422 V. Determine the
concentration of silver ions in the cell.
(Given : E° Ag+ | Ag = + 0.80 V, E° Cu2+/Cu = + 0.34 V)

OR
|G
(a) Define the following terms :

(i) Mole fraction

(ii) Van’t Hoff factor
(b) 1
00 mg of a protein is dissolved in enough water to make 10.0 mL of a solution. If this
solution has an osmotic pressure of 13.3 mm Hg at 25°C, what is the molar mass of
protein ? (R = 0.0821 L atm. mol−1 K−1 and 760 mm Hg = 1 atm.)
D
Ans. (a) at anode : Pb (s) + SO42—(aq) PbSO4 (s) + 2e-

at cathode : PbO2 (s) + 4H+ (aq) + SO42—(aq) + 2e-
PbSO4 (s) + 2H2O(l)

Overall reaction : Pb (s) + PbO2 (s) + 2H2SO4 (aq) PbSO4 (s) + 2H2O(l)
B
+ 2
(b) Cell reaction is Cu (s) + 2Ag (aq) Cu + (aq) + 2Ag (s)
2+

E° Cu |Cu = + 0.34 V
E° Ag+|Ag = + 0.80 V
M

E°cell = E°(Ag+|Ag) — E°(Cu2+|Cu)

= 0.80 — 0.34 = 0.46 V
[Cu2+] = 0.10 M, [Ag+] = ?
0.059 [Cu2 + ]

Ecell = E°cell — log
2 [ Ag + ]2
0.059 0.10

0.422 = 0.46 — log
2 [ Ag + ]2

0.059 0.10

log = 0.46 — 0.422
2 [ Ag + ]2
0.059 0.10

log = 0.038
2 [ Ag + ]2
0.10

log = 2 × 0.038 = 1.2881
[ Ag + ]2 0.059
0.10
up

= 19.415
[ Ag + ]2
0.10

[Ag+]2 = = 5.15 × 10 −3
19.41
∴ [Ag+] = 7.18 × 10-2 M
ro
OR
Ans. (a) (i) Mole fraction is the ratio of number of moles of one component to the total number of
moles in a mixture. For example, in a binary mixture containing n1 and n2 moles of two
components,
n1
|G
Mole fraction of one component, x1 = n1 + n2
n2

Mole fraction of second component, x2 =
n1 + n2
(ii) Van’t Hoff factor is the ratio of the normal molar mass to the observed or abnormal molar
mass of a solute in a solution due to association or dissociation.
Normalmolar mass
i =
Abnormalmolar mass(due to dissociation or association)
D
(b) Osmotic pressure,

w2
(c) π = cRT = RT
M2V
B
or M2 = w 2 RT
πV
w2 = 100 × 10−3g, R = 0.0821 L atm mol−1, T = 298 K
M
13.3 10
π = atm, V = L
760 1000
−3
M2 = 100 × 10 × 0.0821 × 298
13.3 10
×
760 1000
100 × 0.0821 × 298 × 760 × 1000
=
103 × 13.3 × 10
= 13980.45 g mol-1

Model Question Paper — III

CLASS—XII
SUBJECT—CHEMISTRY
General Instructions: Same as Model Question Paper-1
up
SECTION-A
1. 0.1M aqueous solution of which of the following has the highest boiling point?
(a) KCl (b) Na2SO4
(c) Urea (d) Glucose
Ans. (b) Na2SO4 has Van't Haff fector, i = 3, So, it has the highest boiling point.
ro
2. The cell constant of a solution having same conductivity and conductance is
(a) 10 (b) 1000
(c) 1 (d) 0
Ans. (c) κ = Cell constant x conductance
|G
∴ Conductance = κ
Cell constant = 1
3. Emulsifying agent in milk that makes it stable is

(a) casein (b) lactose

(c) maltose (d) sucrose
Ans. (a)
4. When acidified K2Cr2O7 solution is added to Sn2+ salts then Sn2+ changes to
D

(a) Sn (b) Sn3+
4+

(c) Sn (d) Sn+
Ans. (c)
B
5. How many ions are produced from [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 in solution ?

(a) 6 (b) 4

(c) 3 (d) 2
M
Ans. (b)
6. The time taken for 90% of a first order reaction to complete is approximately

(a) 1.1 times that of half life (b) 2.2 times that of half life

(c) 3.3 times that of half life (d) 4.4 times that of half life
Ans. (c)
7. The units of conductivity are :
(a) ohm-1
(b) ohm-1 cm-1
(c) ohm-2 cm2 equiv-1
(d) ohm–1 cm2.
Ans. (b)

8. On which principle does chromatography depend?

Ans. Chromatography depends upon the principle that different components of a mixture are
differently adsorbed on an adsorbant.
9. The metal which is extracted by leaching with cyanide is .......... (Ag/Al)
Ans. Al
10. The formula of limonite is (FeCO3/Fe2O3.3H2O)
Ans. Fe2O3 3H2O
11. Write the formulae of Caro's acid and Mershall's acid.
Ans. Caro's acid is H2SO5 and Marshall's acid is H2S2O8
up
12. The structure of I5— ion is linear. [true or false]
Ans. False : Structure of I5— is square planar.
13. Butylated hydroxytoluene is an antihistamine [True or False]
Ans. False : Butylated hydroxytoluene is an antioxident.
14. Which substance is used as an antiseptic as well as a disinfectant?
ro
Ans. 0.2% solution of phenol is used as an antiseptic and 1% solution of phenol is used as a disinfectant.
15. PVC : Vinyl chloride :: Nylon - 6 : ..........
Ans. Caprolactam
16. Malachite: ........... :: Calamine : ZnCO3
Ans. CuCO3.Cu(OH)2
|G
The questions given below consist of an Assertion and a Reason. Use the following key to choose
the appropriate answer:
(a) If both assertion and reason are CORRECT and reason is the CORRECT explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are CORRECT, but reason is NOT THE CORRECT explanation of
the assertion.
(c) If assertion is CORRECT but reason is INCORRECT.
(d) If assertion is INCORRECT but reason is CORRECT.
D
(e) If both assertion and reason are INCORRECT.

17. Assertion : Iron is protected from corrosion by connecting magnesium metal with it.
Reason : Iron acts as a cathode and magnesium as anode which gradually disappears.

B
Ans. (a)
18. Assertion : Zinc can liberate H2 from aqueous solution of HCl.
Reason: Zinc has +ve reduction potential.

Ans. (c)
M
19. Assertion : Small quantity of soap is required to prepare a stable emulsion.

Reason : Soap lowers the interfacial tension between oil and water.

Ans. (a)
20. Assertion : Gold and platinum occur in native state.
Reason : Gold and platinum are expensive metals.

Ans. (c)
SECTION-B
21. (i) State the law which helps to determine the limiting molar conductivity of weak electrolyte.
(ii) Calculate limiting molar conductivity of CaSO4 (lom Ca2+ = 119.0 and lom SO42-=160.0)
Ans. (i) It is Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions.

his law states that at infinite dilution when the dissociation is complete, each ion makes a
T
definite contribution towards molar conductivity of the electrolyte irrespective of the nature
of other ion with which it is associated.
(ii) lom(CaSO4) = lom(Ca2+) + lom(SO2-
4)
= 119.0 + 160.0
= 279.0 Scm2mol-1
22. Justify the statement 'An alkoxide ion is a stronger base than hydroxide ion.'
Ans. Due to presence of electron releasing group (—I inductive effect), higher electron density is
present on alkoxide ion. Therefore, alkoxide ion is stronger base than hydroxide ion.
up
23. How will you distinguish between chloroform and carbon tetrachloride?
Ans. When cholroform is heated with aniline and ethanolic potassium hydroxide, foul smelling
isocyanide (carbylamine) is produced.
Heat
NH2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH (alc) N C + 3KCI + 3H3O
ro
Foul smelling
phenyl isocyanide

Carbon tetrachloride does not give this test
24. What is Hoffmann bromamide reaction?
Ans. Hoffmann bromamide reaction : The amides can be converted into primary amines containing
|G
one carbon atom less than the original amide by heating with a mixture of Br2 in the presence of
NaOH or KOH. This reaction is also called Hoffmann's degradation reaction.
CH3CONH2 + Br2 + 4KOH CH3NH2 + K2CO3 + 2KBr + 2H2O
Acetamide Methylamine
C6H5CONH2 + Br2 + 4KOH C6H5NH2 + K2CO3 + 2KBr + 2H2O

Benzamide Aniline
The reaction is very useful to convert a higher member in a family to its next lower member.
25. Tertiary amines do not undergo acetylation reaction. Why?
D
Ans. Amines containing replaceable hydrogen atom react with acetyl chlorides to form substituted
amides. This reaction is called acetylation reaction. In case of tertiary amines, there is no
replaceable H-atom and therefore, these donot react with acetyl chloride and hence donot
B
undergo acetylation reactions.

26. What happens when glucose is heated with excess of HI?
Ans. Hexane is formed.
M
CHO
D
(CHOH)4 + HI C
H3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
(Excess) Hexane
CH2OH
27. In Hall Heroult's process write the role of cryolite?

Ans. Cryolite is added to bauxite ore before electrolysis because of the following reasons:
(i) It acts as a solvent.
(ii) It lowers the melting point of alumina to about 1173 K.
(iii) Addition of cryolite to alumina increases the elctrical conductivity.

SECTION-C
28. What is Gabriel Phthalimide reaction?
Ans. Gabriel Phthalimide reaction: This reaction is used to prepare primary amines. In this reaction,
phthalimide is converted into its potassium salt by treating with alcoholic solution of KOH. The
salt is then treated with alkyl halide to give N-alkyl phthalimide, which on hydrolysis with dilute
hydrochloric acid gives a primary amine as the product.
up
ro
29. 15 g of unknown molecular substance was dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting solution
|G
freezes at — 0.34°C. What is the molar mass of the substance (Kf for water = 1.86 kg mol-1)?
K f × 1000 × w B
Ans. ∆Tf =
w A × MB
K f × 1000 × w B
MB =
∆Tf × w A
K f = 1.86 K kgmol −1, w B = 15 g, w A = 450g,
∆Tf = 0 − (−0.34) = 0.34 o C
D
1.86 × 1000 × 15
MB = = 182.35 gmol −1
0.34 × 450
30. Consider the reaction:
B
2NO + 2H2 N2 + 2H2O

Write the most probable rate equation from the following data.
What is the order of the reaction?
M
Experiment [NO] [H2] Rate of reaction

(mol L—1S—1]
I 0.20 0.20 3.0 X 10—3
II 0.40 0.20 1.2 X 10—2
III 0.20 0.40 6.0 X 10—3
IV 0.60 0.20 2.7 X 10—2
Ans. Inspection of the data in experiments I and II shows that when the concentration of [NO] is
doubled, the rate of the reaction becomes four times. Similarly, when the concentration of NO
is tripled (experiments I and IV), the rate of reaction becomes nine times. Thus, rate of reaction
is proportional to the square of the concentration of H2, i.e.,
Rate ∝ [NO]2


Inspection of the data in experiments II and III shows that by doubling the concentration of
H2,the rate is doubled. Thus, the rate is directly proportional to the concentration of H2, i.e.,
Rate ∝ [H2]
Thus, overall probable rate equation is
Rate ∝ [NO]2 [H2]
or Rate = k[NO]2[H2]
Order of reaction = 2 + 1 =3.
31. Explain the relevance of elevation of boiling point in determining the molecular mass of a non-
volatile solute.
OR
up
Name the processes from which chlorine is obtained as a by-product. What will happen if an
aqueous solution of NaCl is subjected to electrolysis?
Ans. Elevation in boiling point is one of the colligative properties, which can be used to determine
molecular mass of solute.
We know that ∆Tb = Kbm (i)
Where Kb is molal elevation constant.
ro
Let wB gram of a non-volatile solute is dissolved in wA g of solvent and MB is the molecular mass
of solute.
Moles of solute × 1000
Molality, m is m=
Wt. of solvent in gram
|G
wB
× 1000
M w × 1000
= B = B
wA MB × w A
Substituting the value of m in eg. (i), we get
K b × w B × 1000
∆Tb =
MB × w A
∴ Molecular mass of solute, MB = K b × w B × 1000

D

∆Tb × w A
Knowing wA,wB, and Kb for the solvent, molar mass can be calculated.
OR
B
Ans. (i)
Chlorine is obtained as a by-product during electrolysis of sodium chloride by Down's
processfor the manufacture of sodium.
Electrolysis
NaCl(l) → Na + (melt) + Cl − (melt)
M
At anode : Cl − (melt) → Cl(g) + e −

Cl(g) + Cl(g) → Cl2(g)
Atcathode : Na + (melt) + e − → Na(s)
(ii)
Electrolysis of brine solution in Castner-Kellner cell is used for manufacturing sodium
hydroxide (caustic soda).
32. What criterion is followed for the selection of the stationary phase in chromatography?
OR
Predict conditions under which Al might be expected to reduce MgO.
Ans. The stationary phase acts as adsorbent and may have the following characteristics:
(i) It should have high and selective adsorption power.
(ii) It should be finely divided to offer greater surface area for adsorption.

(iii) The mechanical stability of stationary phase must be high to prevent the formation of dust
which might be deposited in the channels of packing.
(iv) It should not react chemically either with the sample components or with the eluting
solvents
(v) It should be pure.
OR
Ans. Two equation are:
2 Mg + O2 → 2MgO

4 2
Al + O2 → Al2O3
up
3 3
It is clear from Ellingham diagram that DG° vs T plot for Mg, MgO is below DG° vs T plot for Al.

Therefore, Al cannot reduce MgO to Mg. However, at the point of intersection (corresponding to
temperature 1600K), the DG° for the combined reaction becomes zero. After this point (1600K),
Mg, MgO curve is higher than that for Al, Al2O3 curve. Thus Al can reduce MgO at temperature
higher than 1600 K. But there are practical difficulties to attain higher temperatures.
ro
33. (a) SF6 is not easily hydrolysed. Explain.
(b) Ozone is used for purifying air in crowded places such as cinema halls, tunnels, etc. Explain.
(c) Why is oxide ion called hard ion? Explain.
OR
(a) Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reaction:
|G
XeF6 + H2O

(b) Write the structural formula of XeF2 and IF3.
Ans. (a) SF6 is chemically inert and therefore, does not get hydrolysed. Its inert nature is due to the
presence of stearically protected sulphur atom which does not allow thermodynamically
favourable hydrolysis reaction.

(b) Ozone is an endothermic compound and easily decomposes to produce O2 as:
D

2O3 3O2
Therefore, it purifies air in crowded places.
(c) Oxide ion is very small in size and, therefore, it cannot be easily polarised. Hence, it is
B
called hard ion.

OR
Ans. (a) XeF6 + 3H2O → XeO3 + 6HF
M
(b) XeF2 is linear involving sp3d hybridisation of xenon.

IF3 is T-shaped involving sp3d hybridisation of I.
F
F
F I
Xe
F F
IF3
XeF2
(T-Shaped)
Linear

34. Draw the geometrical isomers of the following complexes:

(i) [CoCl2(NH3)4]+
(ii) [Fe(NH3)2(CN)4]-
Ans. (i) It exists in cis and trans forms as:
up

(ii) [Fe(NH3)2(CN4)]—. It exists as cis-trans forms as:

ro
|G

SECTION-D
35. What chemical principle is involved in choosing a reducing agent for getting the metal from its
oxide ore ? Consider the metal oxides, Al2O3 and Fe2O3, and justify the choice of reducing agent
in each case.
D
OR
Describe the role of
(i) NaCN in the extraction of gold from gold ore.
B
(ii) SiO2 in the extraction of copper from copper matte.

(iii) Iodine in the refining of zirconium.
Write chemical equations for the reactions involved.
M
Ans. The thermodynamic principles help us in choosing a suitable reducing agent for the reduction
of a particular metal oxide to metal. The feasibility of thermal reduction can be predicted on
the basis of ∆fG° vs T plots for the formation of oxides, known as Ellingham diagram. From the
diagram, it can be predicted that metals for which the standard free energy of formation of
their oxides is more negative can reduce those metal oxides for which the standard free energy
of formation of their respective oxides is less negative. In other words, a metal will reduce the
oxides of other metals which lie above it in Ellingham diagram because the standard fee energy
change, (∆rG°) of the combined redox reaction will be negative by an amount equal to the
difference in ∆fG° of the two metal oxides. For example, both Al and Zn can reduce Fe2O3 to
Fe but Fe cannot reduce Al2O3 to Al. Thus, the choice of a particular reducing agent depends on
thermodynamic factors.

OR
Ans. (i) NaCN is used for leaching of gold ore in the presence of atmospheric oxygen from which
gold is obtained later by replacement with zinc as :

4 Au (s) + 8 CN– (aq) + 2H2O (aq) + O2 (g) 4[Au(CN)4]– (aq) + 4OH– (aq)
Soluble complex
2[Au(CN)4]– (aq) + Zn (s)
[Zn(CN)4]2- (aq) + 2 Au (s)

Gold
up

(ii)
Copper matte obtained during smelting contains mostly copper sulphide and some traces of
ferrous sulphide. A blast of hot air mixed with sand is blown into molten matte. During this,
traces of FeS present in the matte is oxidised to FeO which combines with silica to form slag.

2FeS + 3O2 2FeO + 2SO2

FeO + SiO2 FeSiO3 (slag)
ro

(iii) Iodine reacts with zirconium to form volatile unstable indide compound. The compound is
decomposed to get pure metal.

870K
Zr + 2I2 → ZrI4 
→ Zr + 2I2
2075K
Impure Vapour Vapour Pure

|G
36. (a) Assign a reason for each of the following statements :
(i) SCl6 is not known but SF6 is known.
(ii) All bonds in a molecule of PCl5 are not equivalent.
(iii) Perchloric acid is a stronger acid than sulphuric acid.
(iv) Of all the noble gases only xenon is known to form established chemical compounds.
(b) Write the structural formula for the following :
(i) SF4 (ii) XeO3
D
(c) Complete the following reaction equations :

(i) XeF6 + H2O (ii) Ca(OCl)2 + 4HCl
OR
B
(a) Give reasons for the following :

(i) Sulphur vapour is paramagnetic.
(ii) Ammonia (NH3) has greater affinity for protons than phosphine (PH3).
(iii) The negative value of electron gain enthalpy of fluorine is less than that of chlorine.
M
(iv) SF6 is much less reactive than SF4.

(b) Draw the structure of
(i) H2S2O7
(ii) NO3—
Ans. (a) (i) Due to small size of S, six Cl atoms cannot be accommodated around S atom. But small six
F atoms can be easily accommodated around S atom to form SF6. Moreover, because of low
electronegativity of Cl, it cannot easily cause promotion of electrons in S to form S(VI).
(ii) In PCl5 all bonds are not equal. Three equatorial P—Cl bonds are smaller than two axial
P—Cl bonds. This is because of greater repulsions on axial positions than on equatorial
positions.

(iii) Perchloric acid is stronger acid than sulphuric acid because of greater stability of its
conjugate base (ClO4–).
(iv) Only xenon involves in chemical compounds because
(a) The first ionization enthalpy of xenon is low in comparison to other noble gases.
(b) The atomic radius of xenon is large.
As a result, among noble gases, only xenon can lose electron and form compounds.
(b) (i) SF4 has trigonal bipyramidal geometry with one position occupied by a lone pair.
(ii) XeO3 has pyramidal geometry.
up
F
S Xe
O O
F O
F
ro
(i) (ii)
(c) (i) XeF6 + 3H2O XeO3 + 6HF
(ii) Ca(OCl)2 + 4HCl CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2Cl2
OR
|G
Ans. (a) (i) In vapour phase, sulphur partly exists as S2 molecules which have two unpaired electrons
in anti-bonding π* MOs like O2 and hence is paramagnetic.
(ii) When NH3 and PH3 accept a proton, an additional N–H and P–H bonds are formed.
H3N : + H+
NH4+
H3P : + H+
PH4+
Due to larger size of P than N, the P — H bond in PH4+ is weaker than N — H bond in NH4+.

As a result, PH3 has less tendency to accept a proton than NH3.
D
(iii) T
he electron gain enthalpy of F is less negative because of small size of F atom as compared
to Cl atom. As a result, there are strong electron–electron repulsions in relatively small 2p
subshell of F atom and hence the incoming electron does not feel much attraction. Thus,
B
its electron gain enthalpy is less .

(iv) In SF6, the six F atoms around S protect S from attack by the reagent to such an extent that
even thermodynamically favourable reaction like hydrolysis does not occur. On the other
M
hand, in SF4, S is not sterically protected because it is surrounded by only four F-atoms,
hence SF4 undergoes hydrolysis.
(b) (i) Structure of H2S2O7 (ii) Structure of NO3-
O O
S S
O O O
OH OH

37. How will you convert acetaldehyde into the following compounds:
(i) But-2-enal (ii) Butan-1-ol (iii) Butanoic acid
(iv) Butan-2-one (v) But-2-enoic acid
OR
(a) Illustrate the following name reactions giving a chemical equation in each case:
(i) Clemmensen reaction
(ii) Cannizzaro's reaction
(b) Describe how the following conversions can be brought about:
(i) Cyclohexanol to cyclohexan-1-one
up
(ii) Ethylbenzene to benzoic acid
(iii) Bromobenzene to benzoic acid
Ans. (i) But-2-enal
OH

I
OH H+
2CH3CHO 
Aldol
→ CH3 CH − CH2CHO 
Heat
→ CH3 CH = CH − CHO
ro
condensation Bu-2-enal

(ii) Butan-1-ol
OH

I
OH− H+
2CH3CHO 
Aldol
→ CH3 −CHCH2 CHO → CH3CH = CH − CHONi
Heat
,H2 CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

condensation Bu tan-1-ol
|G

(iii) Butanoic acid
OH

I
OH− H+ Ni, H
2CH3CHO 
→ CH3 CHCH2CHO 
→ CH3CH = CH − CHO 
2
→ CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
KMnO

H+
4
→ CH3CH2CH2COOH

Butanoic
Bu tan- 1acid
- ol

D
(iv) Butan-2-one
OMgBr OH

C2H5 MgBr
I
H+
I
K Cr O
CH3CHO 
→ CH3 CHCH2CH3 
→ CH3 CHCH2CH3 
2 2 7
H+
→ CH3 − CCH2CH3
H2 O II
B
O
Bu tan-2-one

(v) But-2-enoic acid
M
OH
I
OH− H+ ,H O
2CH3CHO  → CH3 CHCH2CHO 
2

→ CH3CH = CH − CHO

Aldol
Condensation
Heat
LiAIH ,H+ KMnO

 4
→ CH3CH2 = CHCH2OH 
H+
4
→ CH3CH = CHCOOH
Bu tan- 1- ol But - 2 - enoic acid
OR
Ans. (a) (i) It involves the reduction of aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding hydrocarbon with
amalgamated zinc and conc. HCI


Zn −Hg
CH3CHO + 4 H 
Conc.HCI
→ CH3CH3 + H2O
Acetaldehyde
Ethane
(ii) Cannizzaro's reaction
Aldehydes which do not contain any a- hydrogen atom (e.g., benzaldehyde, formaldehyde)

undergo self oxidation and reduction reactions on treatment with conc. solution of caustic
alkali. In this reaction, one molecule is oxidised to acid while another molecule is reduced
to alcohol.
up
50% NaOH
HCHO + HCHO 
→ CH3OH + HCOO−Na +
Formaldehyde Methyl alcohol Sod. formate

CHO CHO CH2OH COONa
50% NaOH
+ 
→ +
ro

Benzyl alcohol Sod. benzoate
(b) (i)
|G
(ii)
(iii)
D
B
M

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MODEL QUESTION PAPERS FOR PRACTICE

Model Question Paper — I

4. How is the molality of a solution different from its molarity?

5. The number of moles of NaCl in 3 litres of 3 M solution is :

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 1 7/1/2019 1:14:44 PM

Ans. zero order

17. NiCl2·4H2O:__________ : : CoCl2·6H2O : pink

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 2 7/1/2019 1:14:44 PM

18. Assertion: The complex ion trans- [Co(en)2Cl2]+ is optically active.

NaCl → Na+ + Cl—

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 3 7/1/2019 1:14:44 PM

24. How are XeF2 and XeF4 prepared?

2Na[ Ag(CN)2 ] + Zn → Na 2[Zn(CN)4 ] + 2 Ag

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 4 7/1/2019 1:14:45 PM

n2 = 0.15 n2 + 8.3325

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 5 7/1/2019 1:14:45 PM

t3/4 log 4 0.6020

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 6 7/1/2019 1:14:46 PM

Ans. Four structural isomers are possible

CH3CH2CH2NH2 + HNO2 CH3CH2CH2OH + H2O + N2

33. Explain the following:

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 7 7/1/2019 1:14:46 PM

Chain propagating step

H3C —— CH ——  CH2 CH  —— CH2 ——CH

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 8 7/1/2019 1:14:46 PM

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 9 7/1/2019 1:14:46 PM

NHCOCH3 NHCOCH3 NHCOCH3

dil. HNO3 NO2

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 10 7/1/2019 1:14:46 PM

V2O5 + SO2 SO3 + V2O4

(iii) PCl5 is known but PI5 is not known. Why?

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 11 7/1/2019 1:14:46 PM

(ii) concentration of reactants

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 12 7/1/2019 1:14:46 PM

Model Question Paper — II

General Instructions: Same as Model Question Paper-1

3. The hybridisation state of S in SO2 is

4. Which of the following is not a favourable condition for physical adsorption ?

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 13 7/1/2019 1:14:47 PM

5. Which of the following reactions is an example of auto reduction ?

12. Write the uses of tantalum.

13. Write the general electronic configuration of f-block elements.

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 14 7/1/2019 1:14:47 PM

17. Mercury cell: ......... :: Fuel cell : Maximum efficiency

22. What is electrode potential?

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 15 7/1/2019 1:14:47 PM

24. When do we use the term sorption ?

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 16 7/1/2019 1:14:47 PM

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 17 7/1/2019 1:14:48 PM

Ans. For CaCl2, i = 2.47

2.47 × nB × 0.082 × 300

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 18 7/1/2019 1:14:48 PM

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 19 7/1/2019 1:14:48 PM

Ans. (a) (i) HOCH2—(CHOH)4—CHO + NH2OH HOCH2—(CHOH)4—CH NOH

(ii) HOCH2—(CHOH)4—CHO HOOC—(CHOH)4—COOH

(iii) HOCH2—(CHOH)4—CHO + Ag2O HOCH2—(CHOH)4—COOH + 2Ag

(From ammoniacal Gluconic acid Silver mirror

MBD_Sure-Shot_Chem_MTP & Answers I—III.indd 20 7/1/2019 1:14:48 PM

36. Account for the following observations :

2Fe3+ + 6OH— 2Fe(OH)3 or Fe2O3.3H2O

Lewis base Lewis acid Salt

Ans. For the preparation of benzene diazonium chloride

Aniline Benzene diazonium chloride

(ii) SiO2 in the extraction of copper from copper matte.