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Dental Anatomy
>Relationship of the teeth to each other by way of shape
>Development
>Morphology (Form/Shape)
>Function
>Identification of the teeth in human dentition
Landmarks
>Face
>Oral Cavity
The Dentition
Types of Teeth
Primary Teeth
>Deciduous Teeth
>Temporary Teeth
>Milk Teeth
>Baby Teeth
Permanent Teeth
>Secondary Teeth
>Succedaneous Teeth
Natal Teeth
>Present at birth
Neonatal Teeth
>Present within the first 30 days after birth
Quadrants
Tooth-bearing region of the jaw
Can be divided into 4 quadrants
>Right Maxillary (1 or 5)
>Left Maxillary (2 or 6)
>Left Mandibular (3 or 7)
>Right Mandibular (4 or 8)
5 6 1 2
8 7 4 3
TSRQP ONMLK 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17
55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65
85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75
Permanent Teeth
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
Tooth Surfaces
Proximal
>A tooth has 2 proximal surfaces
>Mesial – proximal surface closest to the midline of the arch
>Distal – proximal surface farthest from the midline of the arch
Facial
>Surface of a tooth that faces towards the lips or cheeks
Labial
>Surface of an anterior tooth that faces towards the lips
Buccal
>Surface of a posterior tooth that faces towards the cheek
Lingual
>Surface of a tooth facing toward the tongue
Incisal
>Surface towards the cutting edge of an anterior tooth
Occlusal
>Towards the chewing surface of a posterior tooth
Long Axis and Axial Surface
>The long axis of the tooth is an imaginary line that goes through the
crown and root around which the substance of a tooth is most
symmetrically distributed
Point Angles
Formed by the junction of three surfaces
Lobe
>One of the primary anatomical divisions of a crown
>Mesial, distal, labial, lingual lobes
>Distobuccal, messiobuccal, distolingual, mesiolingual lobes
Mamelons
>Small, rounded projections of enamel from the incisal edges of
newly erupted anterior teeth
>Disappear due to abrasion or grinding
Cingulum
>A convex mount of enamel localized to the cervical 1/3 of the crown
>Found on the lingual aspect of an anterior tooth
Cusp
>Pointed or rounded elevation of enamel found on cuspids and on
the chewing surfaces of bicuspids and molars
Marginal Ridge
>Is a linear, rounded border of enamel that forms the mesial and
distal borders of occlusal surfaces on posterior tooth
Lingual Ridge
>The ridge of enamel that extends from the cingulum to the cusp tip
on the lingual surface of most cuspids
Cusp Ridge
>Each cusp has four cusp ridges radiating from the tip
>They are named according to the direction they take away from the
cusp tip (mesial, distal, facial or lingual)
>MBCR, DBCR, DLCR, MLCR
Cusp Inclines / inclined Plane
>Is the sloping area found on the cusp ridges
Oblique Ridge
>Consists of a union between the triangular ridge of the distobuccal
cusp and the distal cusp ridge of the mesiolingual cusp
>Seen in maxillary 1st and 2nd molars
Transverse Ridge
>is the union of a buccal and lingual triangular ridge that crosses the
surface of a posterior tooth transversely
>Seen in mandibular premolars
Lingual Fossa
>Is an irregular, rounded concavity bound by the mesial marginal
ridge, distal marginal ridge, cingulum and mesial edge of the lingual surface
of an incisor tooth
Triangular Fossa
>Are located adjacent to marginal ridges on the occlusal surfaces of
posterior teeth
Central Fossa
>Is a centrally located depression or concavity found on the occlusal
surface of molars and mandibular second bicuspids
>Found on occlusal surface of molars
Sulcus
>Is an elongated valley or depression in the surface of a tooth formed
by the inclines of adjacent cusps / ridges
Developmental Groove
>Is the junction line between the inclined walls of a sulcus
>Represent lines of union between lobes of the crown during its
formation
>These grooves appear on labial, occlusal, buccal and lingual surfaces
and are least apparent on the labial aspect of anterior teeth
Supplemental Groove
>Minor, auxiliary groove that branches off from a much more
prominent developmental groove
Fissure
>A linear fault that sometimes occurs in a developmental groove
>Represents a lack of union between the inclined walls of a sulcus
Pit
>A small, pinpoint fault on the surface of a tooth
>Usually found at the end of a developmental groove or at a place
where two fissures intersect
Fundamental Curvatures
Crown
>Topmost part of the tooth
>Anatomical – Part of the tooth that is covered with enamel
>Clinical – Exposed in the oral cavity
Root
>Bottom half of the tooth
>Anatomical – Part of tooth that is covered in cementum
>Clinical – Exposed in the oral cavity
Enamel
>Hardest of the parts of the tooth and also the hardest of all the
tissues of the human body
>Protective tooth structure that covers the exposed part of a tooth,
the crown
>96% inorganic , 4% organic substance
Dentin
>Gives the teeth the yellowish colour
>Tissue below the tooth enamel that forms the main mass of a tooth
>Supports the tooth enamel and absorbs the pressure of eating
>Has the ability to restore itself
>Reparative / Secondary Dentin
>CaOH (Calcium Hydroxide)
>Response to carious lesions
>Coronal Dentin (Crown)
>Radicular Dentin (Root)
Cementum
>Part of tooth anatomy that covers the dentin outside of the root
and is attached to the bone of the jaw with little elastic fibers
>Hard as bone but not as hard as the dentin nor enamel
Pulp
>Soft connective tissue containing nerves and blood vessels that
nourish the tooth
>Most internal structure of a tooth, surrounded by dentin
>Found in the soft center of the tooth, inside the pulp chamber and
the root canal
>Has blood vessels
>Large in young children
>Constricts as you grow older
>Coronal Pulp
>Radicular Pulp
Supporting Structures of the Teeth
Collectively called periodontium
Periodontium consists of:
>Alveolar Process
>Periodontal Ligament
>Cementum
>Gingiva
Alveolar Process
Portion of the maxillae or mandible in which the roots of the teeth are
embedded and by which the tooth roots are supported
Consists of 3 kinds of bones:
>Outer Cortical Plate
>Is a compact layer of bone on the bones surface
>Lamina Dura
>Thin, dense layer of bone that lines tooth sockets
>Spongy Bone
>Less dense, cancellous bone representing the alveolar process
central mass
Periodontal Ligament
Thin, fibrous ligament connecting a tooth to the lamina dura of the bony
socket
Fibers act as a shock absorber to cushion the force of chewing impacts
Cementum
Free Gingiva
Attached Gingiva