Introduction to

Computers and C++

Objectives
o exciting recent developments in the computer
field
o Computer hardware, software and networking
basics
o the data hierarchy
o the different types of programming languages
Introduction
o Software
o Hardware
o Standardized version of of C++
• International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
• International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
Introduction
Computers and the Internet in Industry
and Research
Most influential and successful business for last
2 decades are the ff:
- Apple - Cisco - Groupon
- IBM - Microsoft - Foursquare
- Hewlett Packard - Google - Yahoo!
- Dell - Amazon -eBay
- Intel - Facebook
- Motorola - Twitter
A Few Uses of Computers
• Electronic Health Records
• Human Genome Project
• AMBERTM ALERT
A Few Uses of Computers
• World Community Grid
• Cloud Computing
• Medical Imaging
A Few Uses of Computers
• GPS
• Robots
• Email, Instant Messaging, Video Chat & FTP
A Few Uses of Computers
• Game Programming
• Internet TV
• Streaming Music Services
Computers: Hardware and Software
o Supercomputers are already performing thousands
of trillions (quadrillions) of instructions per second!
• IBM’s Sequoia – 16 quadrillion calculations per
second (16.32 petaflops; 1 second, about 1.5
million Calculations for every person on a planet
• Computers
• It can processed data under the control of sequence of
instructions (computer programs)
• known as software
Computers: Hardware and Software
o These programs guide the computer through
ordered actions specified by people called
computer programmers
o The programs that run on a computer are
referred to as software.
o A computer consists of various devices referred
to as hardware
o (e.g., the keyboard, screen, mouse, hard disks,
memory, DVD drives and processing units).
Computers: Hardware and Software
o Computers that might have filled large rooms
and cost millions of dollars decades ago are
now inscribed on silicon chips smaller than a
fingernail, costing perhaps a few dollars each.
o Silicon-chip technology has made computing so
economical that computers have become
commodity.
Computer Organization
o Input Unit
Computer Organization
o Output Unit
Computer Organization
o Memory Unit
Computer Organization
o Arithmetic and Logic Unit
Computer Organization
o Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Computer Organization
o Secondary Storage Unit
Data Hierarchy
o Data items processed by computers form a
data hierarchy that becomes larger and more
complex in structure as we progress from bits
to characters to fields, and so on.
Data Hierarchy
Database
o is an electronic collection of data that’s
organized for easy access and manipulation
o In relational database, data store in simple
table
o Table consist of records and fields