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Current Carrying Capacity of Overhead

Transmission Line ACSR Conductor

Quick Links Introduction

Transmission The thermal capabilities of transmission transmission lines in Power System are
MAPS evaluated based on the criteria of maximum operating or design temperatures of the
transmission line conductors and the transmission losses.

Right
 To The thermal rating of conductor is dependent on the following factors :
Information
A. Meteorological/Environmental Conditions
ARR & Tariff Order a. Solar radiation.
b. Wind velocity.
c. Ambient temperature.
PPP Transmission
B. Conductor surface Characteristics
Projects
a. Age of the Conductor.
b. Maximum design conductor temperature.
Miscellaneous
c. Allowable losses of strength of aluminium metal at design temperature.


Gallery The maximum value of temperature at which transmission metal at design
temperature. Operate in India is 650 C for conductors as per provisions of IS:802
(Part-I) 1973. However, to increases loading capabilities of transmission lines, the
Non Conventional
matter is under active consideration by Bureau of Indian Standards, Central Electy.
Energy
authority, State Electy Boards and other utilities etc. for increasing the maximum
conductor design temperature from 650 C to 750 C as it has been observed that
there is no loss of strength of aluminium metal at 650 C. But it has to be ensured that
the transmission line towers are designed suitably, fo that there is no violation of ground clearance
under any circumstances due to safety considerations. This would significantly help in improving
thermal loading capability of transmission lines, without infringement in ground clearances.

Heat Balance Equation of Electrical Conductors

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The current carrying capacity rating is computed by using the following formula under steady state condition
of wind velocity, temperature, solar radiation and electric current.
Qc + Qr = I2 R + Qs
Where-
I2 R = Heat generated in the conductor due to flow of current ' I ' in Amperes, R is the resistance of the
conductor per meter.
Q8 = Solar Heat Gain in Watts per meter of Conductor.
Qc = Convection heat loss in Watts per meter of Conductor
Qr = Radiated Heat Loss in Watts per meter of Conductor.
From the above equation, current carrying capacity I can be determined as-
I = Ö Qc + Qr - Qs / R Ampere
The effect of Heat Gain due to Magnetic Heat and Corona Heating and Heat Loss due to Evaporation is
usually negligible, hence not considered.

Current Rating of Various Conductors

 The size of the conductor used for transmission lines of various voltage class has now been
standardized, which are as fallows-

400kv - 'Moose' ACSR

220kv - 'Zebra' ACSR
132kv - 'Panther' ACSR

 However, recently in some cases 'moose' conductor has been used on 220kv lines for evacuation of
bulk power from generating station, such as Unchahar Power Project, In case of 66kv lines which have
been up-graded to 132kv, the conductor used is 'Dog' ACSR. Accordingly, the current capacities of the
above conductors are temperature of 47.50 C. for new as well as old conductors for the designed
maximum conductor temperature of 650 C as well as 750 C.

TABLE 21-II

Sl. Size of Conductor Current carrying Capacity in Amperes

No. (Code Name)
At maxim. designed At maxim. designed temperature
Temperature of 650 C of 750 C

New Old Conductor New Old Conductor

Conductor (Beyond 10 years) Conductor (Beyond 10 years)
(Up to one (Up to one
year) year)

1. 'Dog' ACSR 141.12 150.20 229.65 245.06

2. 'Panther' ACSR 179.89 200.60 340.83 371.42

3. 'Zebra' ACSR 201.26 249.51 496.46 553.70

4. 'Moose' ACSR 133.60 218.89 530.51 603.78

Note :

 It is observed that the temperature at some place of UP State goes as high 47.50 C during the months
of April, May & June. There fore current carrying capacities of conductors indicated above, are for worst

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condition of ambient temperature. However, the current carrying capacity of the conductor of the
increases as the ambient temperature decreases.

 The current carrying capacity of the conductor also increases with the age of the conductor as would be
observed from the above tabel.

Power Transmited

 The power transmitted for any size of conductor depends on its current carrying capacity and can be
calculated from the following formula- Power in KW = Ö 3 V I Cos Ф
Power in KW = Ö 3 V I Cos Ф / 1000
Where-
Cos Ф = Power Factor (P.F.)
V = Voltage in KV
I = Current in Amp.

Assuming Power Factor of 0.8 lagging, power transmitted at various voltages can be calculated
approximately as follows-

a. At 132 kv
Power in MW = Ö 3 132 x I x 0.8 / 1000
= 0.1828992 x I
= 0.183 x I
b. At 220 kv
Power in MW = Ö 3 220 x I x 0.8 / 1000
= 0.305 x I
c. At 400 kv
Power in MW = Ö 3 400 x I x 0.8 / 1000
= 0.554 x I

Thus value of power transmitted can easily be calculated at 132 kv or 200 kv or 400 kv for a given value of
current.

 Normally for continuous operation the transmission lines used on various voltage are designed to carry
or transmit maximum power loads at the designed maximum conductor temperature of 650 C as follows
At 132 kv with 'Panther' ACSR = 75 MVA
At 220 kv with 'Zebra' ACSR = 200 MVA
At 400 kv with 'Moose' ACST = 500 MVA
 It is worth considering that the maximum permissible conductor temperature for continuous operation
on transmission lines may be introduced as 750 C in order to raise the current rating of the conductor.
This issue is under active consideration and IS:802-1973 is under revision.
 It is observed that the current carrying capacity of any conductor at any particular temperature is lowest
during 10 to 14 hours of a day. Assuming maximum permissible conductor temperature of 750 C, the
value of current carrying capacities of 'Dog', 'Panther', 'Zebra' and 'Moose' ACSR conductor during 10
to 14 hours of a day at different ambient temperatures for various months of a year for the conductor of
ages (a) up to one year (b) between 1 to 10 years and (c) Above 10 years given in the Table I, II, III & IV
respectively hereinafter.

Sr.
No. Subject View

1. TABLE 21-II 21.5 Continuous Current Carrying Capacity of ACSR Conductors

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Sr.
No. Subject View

2. TABLE 21-IV 21.7 Continuous Current Carrying Capacity of ACSR Conductors

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2. TABLE 21-V 21.8 Continuous Current Carrying Capacity of ACSR Conductors

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