Chemical Equillibrium Chapter 17

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

____ 1. For a given reaction at a given temperature, K eq will vary depending on the initial concentrations of the
reactants and products.

____ 2. A reaction is at equilibrium when the rate of the forward and reverse reactions are unequal.

____ 3. When changes are made to a system at equilibrium, the system shifts to a new equilibrium position.

____ 4. Adjusting the concentrations of either the reactants or products in a reaction puts stress on the equilibrium.

____ 5. The reaction A B occurs in a closed system. When the reaction reaches equilibrium at temperature T, the
number of molecules changing from A to B is equal to the number of molecules changing from B to A.

____ 6. At a particular temperature, an equilibrium system has only value for K eq.

____ 7. A homogeneous equilibrium reaction has reactants and products that are in the same physical state.

____ 8. The presence of a common ion in a solution lowers the solubility of a dissolved substance.

____ 9. At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products are not constant.

____ 10. The state of equilibrium is dynamic and not static.

____ 11. The law of chemical equilibrium states that at a given temperature, a chemical system may reach a state in
which a particular ratio of reactant and product concentrations have a constant value.

____ 12. Chemical equilibrium is described by an equilibrium constant expression that relates the concentrations of
reactants and products.

____ 13. The value of Keq is constant over a range of temperatures

____ 14. Comparison of the ion product, Qsp, with the Ksp demonstrates whether a precipitate will form when two
solutions are mixed.

____ 15. A heterogeneous equilibrium reaction has reactants and products that are all in the same physical state.

____ 16. When a reaction results in an almost complete conversion of reactants to products, chemists say that the
reaction goes to completion.

____ 17. A reaction occurs in a closed vessel. When it reaches equilibrium at temperature T, the number of
molecules changing from X to Y is equal to the number of molecules changing from Y to X.

____ 18. In an exothermic reaction, an increase in temperature favors the formation of products.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 19. A _____ reaction is a chemical reaction that can occur in both the forward and reverse directions.
a. complete c. reversible
b. forward d. incomplete
____ 20. A common ion is an ion that is common to two or more ionic _____.
a. compounds c. reactants
b. products d. reactions
____ 21. A decrease in the concentration of reactants causes the rate of the _____ reaction to slow.
a. complete c. reverse
b. forward d. incomplete
____ 22. In this reaction, which of the following factors will NOT change the concentration of CO 2 in the reaction?

a. a decrease in the volume of H2O c. a decrease in pressure

b. an increase in the amount of catalyst d. a decrease in temperature
____ 23. The general equation for a reaction at equilibrium is as follows:
a. aA + bB cC + dD c. aA + bB dC + cD
b. bA + aB cC + dD d. bA + aB dC + cD

____ 24. In an exothermic reaction, equilibrium shifts _____ when temperature is lowered.
a. to the left c. to the center
b. to the right d. none
____ 25. The equilibrium constant for this reaction at 700.0 K is 0.44.

What is the concentration of carbon dioxide gas, if [H2O] = 0.16 mol/L, [CO2] = 0.15 mol/L and [H2] = 0.14
mol/L?

a. 0.0014 mol/L c. 0.16 mol/L

b. 0.075 d. 0.75 mol/L
____ 26. Keq ___ 1: Products are favored at equilibrium.
a. < c. +
b. > d. =
____ 27. In an exothermic reaction, equilibrium shifts _____ when temperature is raised.
a. to the left c. to the center
b. to the right d. none
____ 28. What change can result in a shift in equilibrium during a reaction?
a. change in concentration c. change in volume and pressure
b. change in temperature d. all of the above
____ 29. Keq ___ 1: Reactants are favored at equilibrium.
 a. < c. +
b. > d. =
____ 30. In an endothermic reaction, equilibrium shifts _____ when temperature is raised.
a. to the left c. to the center
b. to the right d. none
____ 31. In an endothermic reaction, equilibrium shifts _____ when temperature is lowered.
a. to the left c. to the center
b. to the right d. none

____ 32. The equilibrium constant for the reaction at 700.0 K is 0.44. What is the
concentration of carbon dioxide gas, if and ?
a. 0.16 mol/L c. 0.075 mol/L
b. 0.0014 mol/L d. 0.75 mol/L

____ 33. The solubility product of lead chloride at 298 K is . Find its molar solubility at this
temperature.
a. mol/L c. mol/L
b. mol/L d. mol/L
____ 34. Which of the following factors will NOT change the concentration of ammonia (NH 3) in the reaction?
?
a. Decrease in the volume of N2. c. Decrease in pressure.
b. Increase in the amount of catalyst. d. Decrease in temperature.
____ 35. According to Le Chatelier’s principle, when the volume is increased, the equilibrium shifts to the right for
only one of the following. For which of the following reversible reactions is this true?
a.
b.
c.
d.

____ 36. In the reaction SO2Cl2 SO2+Cl2 heat is evolved. What happens when chlorine (Cl 2) is added to the
equilibrium mixture at constant volume?
a. The temperature of the system increases.
b. The temperature of the system decreases.
c. More chlorine is produced.
d. The temperature remains unaffected.

Completion
Complete each statement.

37. The solubility product of aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3 is given by the expression ____________________.

38. In a ____________________ reaction, two substances are in equilibrium if the concentration of each is
doubled but the equilibrium constant remains unaffected.
 39. . . When the temperature is increased the equilibrium shifts in the
____________________ direction.

40. Barium sulfate is used when X rays are taken of the digestive system, based on the ____________________
effect.

41. The figure below describes a chemical reaction that does not go to completion. The concentrations of the
reactants and product reach a point where they remain constant because the reaction is
____________________.

42. In the chemical equation shown below, how is it indicated that the reversible reaction is at equilibrium?
____________________

43. The figure below shows a flask of ethanol in both liquid and gaseous phases. At equilibrium, the rate of
evaporation equals the rate of condensation. This two-phase equilibrium is called ____________________
equilibrium.

Short Answer

44. Explain the meaning of this equation.

Keq

45. The word ____________________ means that opposing processes are in balance.
46. ____________________ is a state in which the forward and reverse reactions balance each other because they
take place at equal rates.

47. Explain why a common ion lowers the solubility of an ionic compound.

48. Given the reaction, at equilibrium, it was found that [C] = 0.20 mol/L, [D] = 0.55 mol/L, [A] = 0.30 mol/L
and [B] = 0.48 mol/L. Calculate the value of Keq.

A+B

49. Predict how an equilibrium shifts if reactant is added to a reaction.

50. What three characteristics are common to all reactions that have reached equilibrium?

51. Complete the expression.

52. Describe an equilibrium in everyday life that illustrates a state of balance between two opposing processes.

53. Write the equilibrium constant expression for the following reaction:

A (s) + 3B (g) + 5C (g) « 2D (s) + 1E (1)

54. Write the expression for Keq for the following reaction:

3A (g) + 1B (g) + 1C (g) « 7D (g) + 6E (g)

55. Barium sulfate is used when X-rays are taken of the digestive system. This practice is based on the
____________________ effect.

56. Explain what is meant by a stress on a reaction at equilibrium.

57. Explain the meaning of this symbol.

58. What principle states that if stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system shifts in the direction that
relieves that stress?

59. Write the equilibrium constant expression for the decomposition of baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate).

60. Given the equilibrium constant of 2.27 ´ 10-3, what is the concentration of hydrogen gas if [S2] = 0.0540
mol/L and [H2S] = 0.184 mol/L
61. Write the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction in which hydrogen iodide is produced from
hydrogen and iodine.

62. Using the formula given, calculate the value of Keq given the concentration date of: [NH3] = 0.933 mol/L, [N2]
= 0.533 mol/L and [H2] = 1.600 mol/L.

63. Explain the meaning of this symbol.

64. Predict how an equilibrium shifts if product is added to a reaction.

65. What is shown by the zero-slope portion of all the lines of the graph below?
 66. In the figure, the reversible production of ammonia (NH 3), by the reaction of nitrogen (N2) with hydrogen
(H2), is illustrated. In part a) of the figure, only reactants, N 2 and H2, are shown. What does this indicate about
the reaction?

67. In the figure, the reversible production of ammonia (NH 3), by the reaction of nitrogen (N2) with hydrogen
(H2), is illustrated. In part b) of the figure, it is shown that more than two ammonia molecules are present..
This is evidence of what?

68. In the figure, the reversible production of ammonia (NH 3), by the reaction of nitrogen (N2) with hydrogen
(H2), is illustrated. Parts c) and d) show that the number of reactant molecules and product molecules are not
changing. This is evidence of what?

69. In part a) of the figure below, radiation monitors show that radioactive iodine molecules are separated from
nonradioactive iodine molecules by the closed stopcock between the two flasks. Note the radiation monitors
in part b) of the figure, after the stopcock is opened. What do the monitors suggest?

Problem

70. C+D
 At equilibrium, it was found that [G] 0.30 mol/L, [B] 0.48 mol/L, [C] 0.20 mol/L, [D] 0.55 mol/L.
Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant.

71. Write the equilibrium constant expression for the following reaction:

5A(g) + 1B(g) + 1C(g) 10D(g) + 6E(g)

72. Write the expression for Keq of the following reaction:

A(s) + 3B(g) + 5C(g) + 8X(g) 2D(s)+1E(l) + 8F(g)

73. In an equilibrium system at 800 K, if F 0.09 mol/L, P 0.13 mol/L, and Z 3.7 mol/L, calculate the
equilibrium constant for the following reaction:
F(g) + P(g) 2Z(g)

74. At 700.0 K, the reaction between nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) occurs as follows:
2N2O(g)
From the concentration data given below for the above reaction, determine the value of Keq at 700.0 K. [N2 ]
0.660 mol/L, [O2] 0.620 mol/L, [N2O] 0.820 mol/L.

Essay

75. The reaction between nitrogen and oxygen produces nitrogen dioxide as follows:

The value of the equilibrium constant for this reaction is 2.68. Calculate the following concentrations with the
help of the given data:
a. [N2] in an equilibrium mixture containing 0.49 mol/L O2 and 0.64 mol/L N2O.
b. [O2] in an equilibrium mixture containing 0.58 mol/L N2 and 0.86 mol/L N2O.
c. [N2O] in an equilibrium mixture containing 0.22 mol/L N2 and 0.33 mol/L O2.

76. Write the expression for the equilibrium constant for the following equilibria:
a. CaO(s) + CO2(g)
b. H2O(g)
c. PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)

77. Based on the figure below, explain what happens to the amount of product in the container as the volume of
the gases is reduced.
78. Explain the Common Ion Effect, as illustrated in the graph below.
Chemical Equillibrium Chapter 17
Answer Section

TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: F
For a given reaction at a given temperature, K eq will always be the same regardless of the concentrations of
the reactants and products.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1 NAT: B.2 | B.3 | B.6

STA: CH.9.c
2. ANS: F
A reaction is at equilibrium when the rate of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3 | B.6

STA: CH.9.b
3. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1
NAT: UCP.4 | B.3 | B.6 STA: CH.9.a
4. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1
NAT: UCP.4 | B.3 | B.6 STA: CH.9.a
5. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1
NAT: UCP.4 | B.2 | B.3 | B.6 STA: CH.9.b
6. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1
NAT: UCP.4 STA: CH.9.c
7. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1
NAT: UCP.4 | B.3 STA: CH.9.c
8. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1
NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4 | B.3 STA: CH.9.a
9. ANS: F
At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products ARE constant.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1 NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4 | B.3

STA: CH.9.b
10. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1
NAT: UCP.4 STA: CH.9.b
11. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1
NAT: UCP.4 | B.2 | B.3 | B.6 STA: CH.9.a
12. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1
NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4 STA: CH.9.c
 13. ANS: F
The value of Keq is constant only at a specified temperature.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1 NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4

STA: CH.9.a
14. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1
NAT: UCP.3 | UCP.4
15. ANS: F
A homogeneous equilibrium reaction has reactants and products that are in the same physical state.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1 NAT: B.2 | B.3 | B.6

16. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1
NAT: B.2 | B.3 | B.6 STA: CH.9.b
17. ANS: T
At equilibrium, the number of molecules of the reactant (X) changing to the product (Y) is equal to the
number of molecules of the product (Y) changing to the reactant (X).

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

STA: 9b TOP: Recognize the characteristics of chemical equilibrium.
KEY: Chemical equilibrium MSC: 1
NOT: Equilibrium is attained only when a) The number of molecules of reactant (X) changes and is equal to
the number of molecules of the product (Y). b) The number of molecules of the product (Y) changes and is
equal to the number of molecules of the reactant (X).
18. ANS: F
Heat is given out in the forward reaction of an exothermic reversible reaction. Therefore, exothermic reactions
are not favored at increased (high) temperature.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

TOP: Describe how various factors affect chemical equilibrium.
KEY: Factors | Chemical equilibrium MSC: 2
NOT: Exothermic reactions are favored at low temperature as they give out energy during the course of
reaction.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

19. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1

NAT: B.3 STA: CH.9.b
20. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1
NAT: B.1 | B.2
21. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1
NAT: UCP.3 | B.3 STA: CH.9.a
22. ANS: B
A catalyst speeds up the reaction, but it does so in both directions equally.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1 NAT: UCP.3 | B.2 | B.3 | B.6
STA: CH.9.a
23. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1
NAT: UCP.3 | UCP.4 STA: CH.9.b
24. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK1
 NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4 STA: CH.9.a
25. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK2
NAT: UCP.4 STA: CH.9.c
26. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4|DOK1
NAT: UCP.4 STA: CH.9.b
27. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK1
NAT: UCP.4 | B.3 STA: CH.9.a
28. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1
NAT: UCP.4 | B.3 STA: CH.9.a
29. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4|DOK1
NAT: UCP.4 | B.3 STA: CH.9.b
30. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK1
NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4 | B.3 STA: CH.9.a
31. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK1
NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4 | B.3 STA: CH.9.a
32. ANS: C

Feedback
A Here, the value of concentration of water is taken as 0.36 instead of 0.16.
B Divide the product of the concentration of water, carbon monoxide, and the equilibrium
constant by the concentration of hydrogen, instead of multiplying it.
C Correct! /d / The value of Keq is taken as 4.4 instead of 0.44.
D

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK2 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

TOP: Determine equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products.
KEY: Equilibrium constant MSC: 3
33. ANS: B
Let the solubility of PbCl2 at 298 K x mol/L.
 Feedback
A Square root is taken instead of cube root.
B Correct!
C The value of solubility product substituted is incorrect.
D In the denominator, eight is used instead of four.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK2 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

TOP: Calculate the solubility of a compound from its solubility product constant.
KEY: Solubility product MSC: 3
34. ANS: B
A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it does so equally in both directions.

Feedback
A As the volume of nitrogen decreases, the concentration of ammonia decreases.
B Correct!
C As the pressure of ammonia increases, the concentration of ammonia increases.
D As the temperature decreases, the concentration of ammonia increases.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

TOP: Describe how various factors affect chemical equilibrium.
KEY: Factors affecting chemical equilibrium MSC: 2
35. ANS: D
An increase in the volume implies a decrease in pressure. The number of moles of gaseous reactants (PCl 5) is
one and the number of moles of products (PCl3 and Cl2) is two. There is a net increase of one mole. On
applying Le Chatelier’s principle, the shifting of equilibrium to the right will release the stress of decreased
pressure.

Feedback
A The number of moles of the reactants is equal to the number of moles of the product.
Such reactions are not affected by the change in pressure or volume.
B The number of moles of the gaseous reactants is three, which is more than the number
of moles of gaseous products (two). According to Le Chatelier's principle, in such
reactions, the equilibrium will shift to the left at high pressure or low volume.
C The number of moles of the gaseous reactants is two, which is more than the number of
moles of gaseous product (one). According to Le Chatelier's principle, in such
reactions, the equilibrium will shift to the left at high pressure or low volume.
D Correct!
 PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1 NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4 | B.3
STA: 9a TOP: Explain how Le Chatelier's principle applies to equilibrium systems.
KEY: Le Chatelier's principle MSC: 2
36. ANS: B
Applying Le Chatelier’s principle, when chlorine is added to the equilibrium mixture, the equilibrium shifts to
the left. Thus, more heat is absorbed and the temperature decreases.

Feedback
A Addition of chlorine increases the rate of backward reaction.
B Correct!
C More chlorine is consumed.
D An increase in the rate of backward reaction affects the temperature.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1 NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4 | B.3

STA: 9a TOP: Explain how Le Chatelier's principle applies to equilibrium systems.
KEY: Le Chatelier's principle MSC: 2

COMPLETION

37. ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

TOP: Calculate the solubility of a compound from its solubility product constant.
KEY: Solubility product MSC: 2
38. ANS: reversible

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

TOP: Describe how various factors affect chemical equilibrium.
KEY: Effect of concentration | Equilibrium constant MSC: 2
39. ANS: forward

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

TOP: Describe how various factors affect chemical equilibrium.
KEY: Effect of temperature | Chemical equilibrium MSC: 2
40. ANS: common ion

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

TOP: Explain the common ion effect. KEY: Common ion effect
MSC: 1
41. ANS: reversible

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK2

42. ANS: In the chemical equation, the double arrow between the reactants and products indicates that the
reaction is at equilibrium.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK2

43. ANS: heterogeneous
 PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK2

SHORT ANSWER

44. ANS:
Keq is the equilibrium constant.

Keq is the numerical value of the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations (with each
concentration raised to the power equal to its coefficient in the balanced equation).

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4|DOK1 NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4

STA: CH.9.c
45. ANS:
equilibrium

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1 NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4

STA: CH.9.b
46. ANS:
Chemical equilibrium

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1 NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4

STA: CH.9.b
47. ANS:
A common ion added to two solutes brings about precipitation or reduced ionization.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4|DOK1 NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4 | B.2

STA: CH.9.a
48. ANS:
Keq = 7.6 ´ 10-1

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK2 NAT: UCP.3 | UCP.4 | B.3

STA: CH.9.c
49. ANS:
Any increase in the concentration of a reactant results in a shift to the right and additional product.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

STA: CH.9.a
50. ANS:
1. The reaction must take place in a closed system.
2. The temperature must remain constant.
3. All reactants and products are present and are in constant dynamic motion.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK1 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

STA: CH.9.b
51. ANS:
 PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4|DOK1 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3
STA: CH.9.c
52. ANS:
Answers vary

Inhale vs. Exhale

Oxygen vs. Hemoglobin
Intake vs. Excretion

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4|DOK2 NAT: UCP.4 | C.4

STA: CH.9.b
53. ANS:
Keq = 1 / [B]3[C]5

Solids are omitted.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK1 NAT: UCP.3 | UCP.4

STA: CH.9.c
54. ANS:
Keq = [D]7[E]6 / [A]3[B]1[C]1

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK2 NAT: UCP.3 | UCP.4

STA: CH.9.c
55. ANS:
common ion

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK1 NAT: C.5 | D.1

STA: CH.9.a
56. ANS:
Change in concentration
Change in volume/pressure
Change in temperature

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4|DOK1 NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4

STA: CH.9.a
57. ANS:
The solubility product constant is used as the equilibrium constant expression when dissolving a sparingly
soluble compound.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4|DOK1 NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4

STA: CH.9.c
58. ANS:
Le Chatelier’s Principle

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK1 NAT: UCP.1 | UCP.2 | UCP.4

STA: CH.9.a
59. ANS:
Keq = [CO2][H2O]
 Solids are omitted.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK2 NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4

STA: CH.9.c
60. ANS:
0.0377 mol/L

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK2 NAT: UCP.3 | UCP.4

STA: CH.9.c
61. ANS:
Keq = [HI]2/[H2]*[I2]

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK2 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

STA: CH.9.c
62. ANS:
0.399

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK2 NAT: UCP.3 | UCP.4

STA: CH.9.c
63. ANS:
The symbol represents a reaction occurs in BOTH directions.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 4|DOK1 NAT: UCP.2 | UCP.4

STA: CH.9.c
64. ANS:
Any increase in the concentration of a product results in a shift to the left and additional reactant.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK1 NAT: UCP.4 | B.2 | B.3 | B.6
STA: CH.9.a
65. ANS:
The zero-slope portion of all the lines of the graph indicate that the concentrations of the reactants and
product are neither increasing nor decreasing.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK2

66. ANS:
The reaction has not yet begun.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK2

67. ANS:
The reverse reaction can begin.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK2

68. ANS:
Equilibrium has been reached.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK3

69. ANS:
The equal readings of the two monitors suggest that molecules have moved back and forth between the flasks
and between the gaseous and solid phases.
 PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK3

PROBLEM

70. ANS:
1
Keq 7.6 ´ 10

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK2 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

STA: 9c TOP: Calculate equilibrium constants from concentration data.
KEY: Equilibrium constant MSC: 3
NOT: The equilibrium constant is calculated by dividing the concentration of product by the concentration of
products.
71. ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK2 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

STA: 9c TOP: Write equilibrium expressions for systems that are at equilibrium.
KEY: Equilibrium expression MSC: 3
NOT: Equilibrium expression is the ratio of the concentration of products to the concentration of the
reactants.
72. ANS:

Keq

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2|DOK2 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

STA: 9c TOP: Write equilibrium expressions for systems that are at equilibrium.
KEY: Equilibrium expression MSC: 3
NOT: Equilibrium expression is the ratio of concentration of the products to the concentration of the
reactants. Solids are pure substances with unchanging concentrations. Therefore, their concentration is
constant and not included.
73. ANS:
Keq 1.2 ´ 10
3

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK2 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

STA: 9c TOP: Calculate equilibrium constants from concentration data.
KEY: Equilibrium constant MSC: 3
NOT: The equilibrium constant is calculated by dividing the concentration of product by the concentration of
reactants.
74. ANS:
Keq 2.49

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1|DOK2 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

STA: 9c TOP: Calculate equilibrium constants from concentration data.
KEY: Equilibrium constant MSC: 3
NOT: Write the expression for equilibrium constant for the given reaction. Substitute the values given in the
problem and calculate the value of the equilibrium constant.
ESSAY

75. ANS:

a.

b.

c.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK2 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

TOP: Determine equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products.
KEY: Equilibrium concentration MSC: 3
76. ANS:
a. , solids (CaCO3 and CaO) are pure substances with unchanging concentration.
b. , liquid water is a pure substance and its concentration is constant at constant
temperature.
 c.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK2 NAT: UCP.4 | B.3

STA: 9c TOP: Write equilibrium expressions for systems that are at equilibrium.
KEY: Equilibrium expression MSC: 3
77. ANS:
For the reaction between CO and H2 at constant temperature, changing the volume of the reaction vessel
changes the concentrations of the gaseous reactants and products. Increasing the pressure shifts the
equilibrium to the right and increases the amount of product.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK3

78. ANS:
According to the graph, the solubility of lead chromate in water decreases as the concentration of the
potassium chromate solution, in which it is dissolved, increases. The change is due to the presence of the
chromate ion in both lead chromate and potassium chromate.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3|DOK3