 “MINI PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE”

Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

For the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

By
RAGHVENDRA 0863EE171026
SANDEEP TALE 0863EE171029
VIRENDRA 0863EE171036
KUNAL PATIL 0863EE171014

Under the guidance of

 Mr. KALASH SHRIVASTVA
Assistant Professor

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Indore

PRESTIGE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
INDORE M. P.
2019

PRESTIGE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Indore, Madhya Pradesh.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
 This is to certify that the project report entitled “ELECTRONIC VOTING
MACHINE” that is being submitted by raghvendra 0863EE171029 sandeep 0863EE171029 kunal
0863EE171014 virendra 0853EE171036 in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Electrical and Electronics to the Technological University is a record of bonafide work
carried out by him under my guidance and supervision. The results embodied in this project report have not
been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any Graduation degree.

Mrs. DIPALI SURAVATTE External Examiner

HOD, EEE Assistant Professor, EEE

GRIET, Hyderabad

(Project Guide)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This is to place on record my appreciation and deep gratitude to the persons without
whose support this project would never seen the light of day.

I wish to express my propound sense of gratitude to Mr. Manoj kumar deshpandey ,

Director, P. I. E. M. R for his guidance, encouragement, and for all facilities to complete this
project.

I also express my sincere thanks to Mrs. DIPALI SURAVATTE, Head of the

Department,EEE, PIEMR for extending his help.

I have immense pleasure in expressing my thanks and deep sense of gratitude to my

guide Mr. KALASH SHRIVASTAVA Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, PIEMR for his guidance throughout this project.
 I express my gratitude to The Coordinator, Project Review Committee, PIEMR for his
valuable recommendations and for accepting this project report

Finally I express my sincere gratitude to all the members of faculty and my friends who
contributed their valuable advice and helped to complete the project successfully.

RAGHVENDRA 0863EE171026
SANDEEP TALE 0863EE171029
VIRENDRA 0863EE171036
KUNAL PATIL 0863EE171014

ABSTRACT

According to Election Data Services the percentage of electronic voting machines per county

doubled between 1998 and 2002 to 16 percent-, yet a full replacement of the traditional voting

procedure is very unlikely. In its essence, an electronic voting machine is a computer assisted self-

interviewing device (CASI) giving the voter the opportunity to review and change his/her vote

before submitting it. The different types of voting machines allow for different kinds of interaction,

such as using a touch screen technology, using a dial wheel, touching a paper panel, or pressing a

button on an LCD screen. Each machine provides feedback for blank ballots and under-voting and

prevents selecting more choices than the maximum allowed. Some machines even have advanced

functions such as increasing the font for visually impaired voters and/or allowing for listening of

the voting options rather than reading. The common features electronic voting machines share with

CASI and ACASI devices allow for theoretical and empirical predictions of the advantages and

disadvantages this technology can provide. The paper presents an overview of the different types
of voting machines and based on established theories and results from CASI and ACASI studies,

examines and compares characteristics of the machines currently used and computer-human

interaction mechanisms, their potential effects, and unexplored applications. Furthermore,

possibilities such as prediction of candidates’ name order effect, already existing in the literature,

and computer literacy effect on voting are discussed

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION:
1.1 The Electronic Voting Machine – An Electronic Marvel.
1.2 Description

2. TOOLS USED:
2.1 Hardware Tools
2.2 Software Tools
3. FLOW DIAGRAM:
4. BLOCK DIAGRAM
4.1.Description Of BlockDiagram
5. OPERATION
5.1 Operation or Working of Project:
6.SOFTWARE CODE:
6.1 C code
6.2 Proteus file
 7.HARDWARE DESIGN 8.ADVANTAGES
AND APPLICATIONS
9.CONCLUSION:

CHAPTER :1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Electronic Voting Machine – An Electronic Marvel.

Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) retains all the characteristics of voting by ballot papers, while
making polling a lot more expedient. Being fast and absolutely reliable, the EVM saves
considerable time, money and manpower. And, of course, helps maintain total voting secrecy
without the use of ballot papers. The EVM is 100 per cent tamper proof. And, at the end of the
polling, just press a button and there you have the results.

1.2 Description:

Electronic voting machine has now days become an effective tool for voting. It ensures flawless
voting and thus has become more widespread. It ensures people about their vote being secured. It
avoids any kind of malpractice and invalid votes. Also such kind of system becomes more
economical as consequent expenditure incurred on manpower is saved. It is also convenient on
the part of voter, as he has to just press one key whichever belongs to his candidates.
voting machines are the total combination of mechanical, electromechanical,
or electronic equipment (including software, firmware, and documentation required to program
control, and support equipment), that is used to define ballots; to cast and count votes; to
report or display election results; and to maintain and produce any audit trail information. The
first voting machines were mechanical but it is increasingly more common to use electronic
voting machines.

A voting system includes the practices and associated documentation used to identify system
components and versions of such components; to test the system during its development and
maintenance; to maintain records of system errors or defects; to determine specific changes made
after initial certification; and to make available any materials to the voter (such as notices,
instructions, forms, or paper ballots).

Traditionally, a voting machine has been defined by the mechanism the system uses to cast votes
and further categorized by the location where the system tabulates the votes.

Voting machines have different levels of usability, security, efficiency and accuracy. Certain
systems may be more or less accessible to all voters, or not accessible to those voters with certain
types of disabilities. They can also have an effect on the public's ability to oversee elections.
 CHAPTER:2 TOOLS USED
2.1 HARDWARE TOOLS:

The control Unit : In Total control of the polling

Conduction of polling, display of total votes polled, sealing at the end of the poll, and finally,
declaration of results – these are the various accomplishments of just one gadget : the control
unit. In total control of the polling, this electronic unit gives you all necessary information at a
press of a few buttons. For instance, if you need to know the total number of votes, you just have
to press the Total switch. Candidates-wise results can be had only at the end of polling.

The Ballot Unit : An electronic ballot box.

A simple voting device, it displays the list of candidates. A facility to incorporate party names
and symbols is in-built. All the voter has to do is press the desired switch located next to the
name of each candidate. The main advantage is the speed, apart from the simplicity of operation,
which requires no training at all. A single ballot unit takes in the names of 16 candidates. And
thus, by connecting four ballot units the EVM can accommodate a total of 64 candidates in a
single election.

2.2 SOFTWARE TOOLS:

KEIL SOFTWARE:
The Keil 8051 Development Tools are designed to solve the complex problems facing embedded
software developers.
 When starting a new project, simply select the microcontroller you use from the Device
Database and the µVision IDE sets all compiler, assembler, linker, and memory options for
you.
 Numerous example programs are included to help you get started with the most popular
embedded 8051 devices.
 The Keil µVision Debugger accurately simulates on-chip peripherals (I²C, CAN, UART, SPI,
Interrupts, I/O Ports, A/D Converter, D/A Converter, and PWM Modules) of your 8051
device. Simulation helps you understand hardware configurations and avoids time wasted on
setup problems. Additionally, with simulation, you can write and test applications before f
target hardware is available.

PROTEUS SOFTWARE:

Proteus 7.0 is a Virtual System Modelling (VSM) that combines circuit simulation, animated components and
microprocessor models to co-simulate the complete microcontroller based designs. This is the perfect tool for
engineers to test their microcontroller designs before constructing a physical prototype in real time. This
program allows users to interact with the design using on-screen indicators and/or LED and LCD displays and,
i attached to the PC, switches and buttons.
One of the main components of Proteus 7.0 is the Circuit Simulation -- a product that uses a SPICE3f5
analogue simulatorkernel combined with an event-driven digital simulator that allow users to utilize any SPICE
model by any manufacturer.
Proteus VSM comes with extensive debugging features, including breakpoints, single stepping and variable
display for a neat design prior to hardware prototyping.
In summary, Proteus 7.0 is the program to use when you want to simulate the interaction between software
running on a microcontroller and any analog or digital electronic device connected to it.

Advantages:

Real time simulation.

Time and money saving.
 CHAPTER:3 FLOW
DIAGRAM
 CHAPTER:4
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE:

Fig.4.1 Block diagram of electronic voting machine

4.1 Description in detail:

The “ Electronic Voting Machine “ basically consists of four main blocks; these are keypad,
micro controller, display and control switches

Fig 4.2
AT89C51
Micro
Controller

1)Micro
controller:
Micro
controller
senses the
signal given
from
switches
and decides
the mode of
operation in
voting
mode it increments the data for corresponding key i.e. respective candidate as well as it sends
signal to display block to indicate one key is pressed. In counting mode micro controllers fetches
data from memory location and send it to display devices.
 Fig 4.3 LCD

2) LCD: Liquid Crystal Display which is commonly known as LCD is an Alphanumeric Display
it means that it can display Alphabets, Numbers as well as special symbols thus LCD is a user
friendly Display device which can be used for displaying various messages unlike seven segment
display which can display only numbers and some of the alphabets. The only disadvantage of
LCD over seven segment is that seven segment is robust display and be visualized from a longer
distance as compared to LCD. Here I have used 16 x 2 Alphanumeric Display which means on
this display I can display two lines with maximum of 16 characters in one line.
 Fig 4.4 LED

LED:

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps
in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting.Light-emitting diodes are used in
applications as diverse as replacements for aviation lighting, automotive lighting (particularly
brake lamps, turn signals and indicators) as well as in traffic signals.

Fig 4.5 Control Switch

3) Control switches: There are three control switches:
I. Clear Votes. II. Controller switch. III. Total Votes
 CHAPTER:5

OPERATION
5.1 Operation or Working of Project:
1] Power on: When supply is turned on RED LED glows.
2] Mode selection:
i. Voting mode: toggle switch on VCC ii.
Counting mode: toggle switch on GND.
Voting Mode: When toggle switch is in voting mode “Voting mode” is displayed followed by
“Please vote”. After a vote being given, “Please wait for authority switch” is displayed and again
enable for voting after Control switch being pressed by the voting Authority.
Counting Mode: When toggle switch is in counting mode “Counting mode” in displayed on the
screen, and total number of votes to respective candidate can be displayed on the screen by
pressing the respective key assigned to them.
3] Clear mode: Press clear switch when all entries are required to be erased. Clear switch
should be pressed before voting procedure.
4] Buzzer indication: Pressing of key in voting mode is indicated by a buzzer sound. 5]
Controller switch: This switch is provided for enabling the keypad in voting mode. This
switch is under the control of voting authority.
 CHAPTE:6 SOFTWARE
CODE
6.1 C code: #include<reg51.h> sfr input=0x90; sfr ldata=0xa0; sbit rs=P0^7; sbit

rw=P0^6; sbit en=P0^5; sbit m=P3^0; sbit n=P3^1; sbit buzz=P3^2; sbit on=P3^3;

void delay(int ); void lcdcmd(char ); void lcddata1(char *); void lcddata(char); //void

lcd(); int

i1,i11,i12,i2,i21,i22,i3,i31,i32,i4,i41,i42,i5,i51,i52,i6,i61,i62,i7,i71,i72,i8,i81,i82=0;

void main() { on=0; P1=0;P3=0; while(1) { lcdcmd(0x38); delay(10); lcdcmd(0x0e) ;

delay(10); lcdcmd(0x01); lcdcmd(0x06) ;

delay(20) ;

if(n==1) on=1;

if(m==1&on==1

{ if

(input==0x01) {

buzz=1; while (input

== 0x01); i1=i1 + 1;

if(i1>=10) i11=i1/10;
i12=i1%10; on=0;

buzz=0;

//ready=0; } if

(input==0x02)

{buzz=1; while (input

== 0x02); { i2=i2 + 1;

if(i2>=10) i21=i2/10;

i22=i2%10; on=0;

buzz=0;

} } if (input==0x04)

{ buzz=1; while

(input ==0x04); {

i3=i3 + 1; if(i3>=10)

i31=i3/10;

i32=i3%10; on=0;

buzz=0;

} } if

(input==0x08) {

buzz=1;
while (input == 0x08);

{ i4=i4 + 1;

if(i4>=10) i41=i4/10;

i42=i4%10; on=0;

buzz=0;

} } if (input==0x10) {

buzz=1; while (input

== 0x10); { i5=i5 + 1;

if(i5>=10) i51=i5/10;

i52=i5%10;

i5=0; on=0;

buzz=0;

} } if (input==0x20) {

buzz=1; while (input

== 0x20); { i6=i6 + 1;

if(i6>=10) i61=i6/10;

i62=i6%10; on=0;

buzz=0;
} } if

(input==0x40) {

buzz=1; while

(input == 0x40);

{ i7=i7 + 1;

if(i7>=10)

i71=i7/10;

i72=i7%10;

on=0; buzz=0;

} } if (input==0x80) {

buzz=1; while (input

== 0x80); { i8=i8 + 1;

if(i7>=10)

i81=i8/10;

i82=i8%10;

on=0;

buzz=0;

} }}

if(m==0)//else {
if

(input==0x01)

lcddata1(" CONRESS=");

lcddata(i11+0x30);

lcddata(i12+0x30);

delay(100); } if

(input==0x02) {

lcdcmd(0x01); lcddata1("

BJP=");

lcddata(i21+0x30);

lcddata(i22+0x30);

delay(100); } if

(input==0x04) {

lcdcmd(0x01); lcddata1("

CP(M&I)=");

lcddata(i31+0x30);

lcddata(i32+0x30);

delay(100); } if
(input==0x08) {

lcdcmd(0x01); lcddata1("

TDP=");

lcddata(i41+0x30);

lcddata(i42+0x30);

delay(100);

} if(input==0x10)

{ lcdcmd(0x10);

lcddata1("

TRS=");

lcddata(i51+0x30);

lcddata(i52+0x30);

delay(100); }

if(input==0x20) {

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddata1(" PRP=");

lcddata(i61+0x30);

lcddata(i62+0x30);
delay(100); }

if(input==0x40) {

lcdcmd(0x01); lcddata1("

INDEPENDANT1=");

lcddata(i71+0x30);

lcddata(i72+0x30); delay(100); }

if(input==0x80) { lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddata1(" INDEPENDANT2=");

lcddata(i81+0x30);

lcddata(i82+0x30); delay(100); }

else{ lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddata1("press key ");

delay(100) ; }}

}} void delay(int

time) {

int i,j;

for(i=0;i<time;i++)

for(j=0;j<900;j++); } void

lcdcmd(char value) {
ldata=value; rs=0; rw=0;

en=1; delay(2); en=0; }

void lcddata1(char

*value)

{ int i;

for(i=0;value[i]!='\0';i++) { ldata=value[i]; rs=1; rw=0; en=1; delay(1); en=0;

} } void lcddata(char

value) { ldata=value;

rs=1; rw=0; en=1;

delay(1); en=0;

6.2 PROTEUS FILE:

FIG 6.1 PROTEUS file
 CHAPTER:7

HARDWARE DESIGN

Fig 7.1 Hardware design of electronic voting machine

ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES:

 CHAPTER:8
1.It is economical
2. Less manpower required
3. Time conscious, as less time required for voting & counting
4. Avoids invalid voting
5. Saves transportation cost due to its compact size
6. Convenient on the part of voter

APPLICATIONS:
This could be used for voting purpose at any required place.

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

In this paper, we have described the specification and architecture of a ELECTRONIC VOTING
MACHINE .Various fault-tolerance and security issues are delegated to the platform itself,
 CHAPTER:9
therefore relieving the application designer from accommodating these features in the application
design itself. This approach allows for the easy development and deployment of applications.

For quite some time, voting equipment vendors have maintained that their systems are secure, and
that the closed-source nature makes them even more secure. Our glimpse into the code of such a
system reveals that there is little difference in the way code is developed for voting machines
relative to other commercial endeavors. In fact, we believe that an open process would result in
more careful development, as more scientists, software engineers, political activists, and others
who value their democracy would be paying attention to the quality of the software that is used for
their elections. (Of course, open source would not solve all of the problems with electronic
elections. It is still important to verify somehow that the binary program images running in the
machine correspond to the source code and that the compilers used on the source code are non-
malicious. However, open source is a good start.) Such open design processes have proven
successful in projects ranging from very focused efforts, such as specifying the Advanced
Encryption Standard (AES) [23], through very large and complex systems such as maintaining the
Linux operating System. Australia is currently using an open source voting system10Alternatively,
security models such as the voter-verified audit trail allow for electronic voting systems that
produce a paper trail that can be seen and verified by a voter. In such a system, the correctness
burden on the voting terminal’s code is significantly less as voters can see and verify a physical
object that describes their vote. Even if, for whatever reason, the machines cannot name the winner
of an election, then the paper ballots can be recounted, either mechanically or manually, to gain
progressively more accurate election results. Voter-verifiable audit trails are required in some U.S.
states, and major DRE vendors have made public statements that they would support such features
if their customers required it. The EVM project an ambitious attempt to create an open-source
voting system with a voter-verifiable audit trail —
a laudable goal The model where individual vendors write proprietary code to run our elections
appears to be unreliable, and if we do not change the process of designing our voting systems, we
will have no confidence that our election results will reflect the will of the electorate. We owe it to
ourselves and to our future to have robust, well-designed election systems to preserve the bedrock
of our democracy