LIMIT & DERVIATION

Solution 1 : -The least and the greatest numbers of three digits divisible
by 7 are 105 , 999 respectively.

So it is required to find the sum of the series

105+ 112+119---------+999

Hence, a=105 , d=7 , an=999

an = a+(n-1) d

999= 105+(n-1)*7A

999-105 = 7(n-1)

889 = 7(n-1)

n-1 = 889/7

n-1 = 127

n = 127 +1 =128

:- Sum = n/2[ 2a+(n-1)d]

128/2 [2*105 +(128-1)*7]

6 +(210 + 889]

64* 1099

=70336
Solution 2: - The odd numbers of four digits which are divisible by 9 are
1017 , 1035 …….. 9999.

These are in AP with common difference 18

a = 1017 , b = 18 and d = 9999

:- ndth term, an = a+(n-1) d

9999 = 1017 + (n-1)d

9999 = 1017 + (n-1)*18

18n = 9999-999 = 9000

n = 500

Sn = n/2 (a1+an)

= 500/2 (1017+9999)

= 250*11016

= 2759000

Solution 3 : - Sp-Sq = 2a(p-q) + (p2-q2-p+q) d = 2(q-p)

= 2a + (p+q-q)d =2

= Sp+q = (p+q)/2 [ 2a +(p+q-1)d]

= -2(p+q)/2

= -(p+q)

Solution 4 :- Given , Sn =5n2+2n

 S1 = 5+2 = 7

S2 = 5(4) + 2(2) =24

T2 = S2-S1

= 24-7

= 17

Solution 5:- Given, Tm = p and Tm-n=q

anm+n-1=p …… (i)

anm-n-1=q ……..(ii)

On multiplying Equations (i) and (ii) , we get

a2n2m-2 = pq

= (an m-1)2 = pq

 anm-1=√pq
 Tm = √pq

Solution 6 :- Let A and R be the first term and the common ratio
respectively pf given GP. Then ,

T4 = p => AR3 = p

T7 = q => AR6 = q

And , T10 =r => AR9 = r

Now , (AR3) (AR3) = A2R12

(AR6)2 => pr = q2
Solution 7 :-

We have, 𝟑 = 𝟏 + 𝟐

𝟔=𝟑+𝟑

𝟏𝟎 = 𝟔 + 𝟒

Next term = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟓

Solution 8 :-

Let a and d be the first term and common difference respectively of

given AP. Then,

𝑻𝟐 = 𝒙 − 𝒚

=> 𝒂+𝒅 = 𝒙−𝒚

𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑻𝟓 = 𝒙 + 𝒚

=> 𝒂 + 𝟒𝒅 = 𝒙 + 𝒚
𝟓
=> 𝒂=𝒙− 𝒚
𝟑

𝟕
Solution 9 :- Given, log3 2 , log3 (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 (𝟐𝒙 − ) are in AP
𝟐

𝟕
∴ 𝟐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓) = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟐 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 (𝟐𝒙 − )
𝟐
=> 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟖 𝒐𝒓 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟗

=> 𝒙 = 𝟑 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = 𝟐

𝑵𝒆𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒂𝑺 (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓) < 𝟎 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = 𝟐

=> 𝒙 = 𝟑
Solution 10:-
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Since, , 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑨𝑷.
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄

𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
∴ + =
𝒂 𝒃 𝒃
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑵𝒐𝒘, ( + + ) ( + + )
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝒃 𝒄 𝒂
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
= { + − ( + )} { + − ( − )}
𝒂 𝒃 𝒃 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝒃 𝒄
[ From Eq.(1)]
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟒 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= ( − )( − ) = − ( + )+ 𝟐
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝒃 𝒂𝒄 𝒃 𝒂 𝒄 𝒃
𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟒 𝟑
=( − ( )+ 𝟐 = − 𝟐
𝒂𝒄 𝒃 𝒃 𝒃 𝒂𝒄 𝒃

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Solution 11 :- Given 𝒂 ( + ) , 𝒃 ( + ) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄 ( + ) 𝒂𝒏𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑨𝑷
𝒂 𝒄 𝒄 𝒂 𝒂 𝒃

𝒂(𝒃 + 𝒄) 𝒃(𝒄 + 𝒂) 𝒄(𝒂 + 𝒃)

=> , , 𝒂𝒏𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑨𝑷
𝒃𝒄 𝒄𝒂 𝒂𝒃
=> (𝒃 − 𝒂)(𝒄𝒃 + 𝒄𝒂 + 𝒂𝒃) = (𝒄 − 𝒃)(𝒂𝒄 + 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒄𝒃)

=> 𝒃 − 𝒂 = 𝒄 − 𝒃

=> 𝒂, 𝒃 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄 𝒂𝒏𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑨𝑷

Solution 12 :-
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Given , 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑨𝑷
𝒑+𝒒 𝒒+𝒓 𝒓+𝒑

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
=> − = −
𝒒+𝒓 𝒑+𝒒 𝒓+𝒑 𝒒+𝒓

=> 𝒑𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐 = 𝒒𝟐 − 𝒑𝟐

So, 𝒒𝟐 , 𝒑𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒓𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑨𝑷

Solution 13 :-

Let ax = by= c2 = k
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
 a = 𝒌𝒙 , b = 𝒌𝒚 and c = 𝒌𝒛

Since, a, b and c are in GP,

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
∴ b2 = ac => (𝒌 )𝟐 = 𝒌𝒙 𝒌𝒛
𝒚

𝒛 𝟏 𝟏
𝒛 𝟏 𝟏
 𝒌 = 𝒌𝒙+𝒛 => = +
𝒚
𝒚 𝒙 𝒛
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
 , and are in AP.
𝒙 𝒚 𝒛
 x, y and z are in AP.
Solution 14 :-
𝒙−𝟐
𝒇(𝒙)−𝒇(𝒛) −𝟏
𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝒙+𝟐
𝐥𝐢𝐦 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟐 𝒙−𝟐 𝒙→𝟐 𝒙−𝟐

𝒙−𝟐−(𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝒙+𝟐)
= 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟐 (𝒙−𝟐)(𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝒙+𝟐)

−(𝒙−𝟐)𝟐
= 𝐥𝐢𝐦 (𝒙−𝟐)(𝒙−𝟐)(𝒙−𝟏)
𝒙→𝟐

𝟏
= - 𝐥𝐢𝐦 = -1
𝒙→𝟐 𝒙−𝟏

Solution 15 :-
𝟏
𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝒙−𝒂)
𝐥𝐢𝐦 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙−𝒂
𝒆𝒙 [Using 1’ Hospital’s rule]
𝒙→𝒂 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝒆𝒙 −𝒆𝒂 ) 𝒙→𝒂
𝒆𝒙 −𝒆𝒂

𝒆𝒙 −𝒆𝒂 𝒆𝒙
= 𝐥𝐢𝐦 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 [Using 1’ Hospital’s
𝒙→𝒂 𝒆𝒙 (𝒙−𝒂) 𝒙→𝒂 𝒆𝒙 (𝒙−𝒂)+ 𝒆𝒙
rule]
𝒆𝒂
= =1
𝟎+ 𝒆𝒂

Solution 16 :-

𝐥𝐢𝐦 {𝒍(𝒙) + 𝒈(𝒙)} = 𝐥𝐢𝐦{𝒍(𝒙) + 𝒈(𝒙)}

𝒙→ 𝟐+𝝅 𝒙→

= l(5.85) + g(5.81) = 6+5 = 11

Solution 17 :-

As x -> 0- => f(x) -> f(0-) = 2+

 𝐥𝐢𝐦− 𝒈[𝒇(𝒙)] = 𝒈(𝟐+ ) = −𝟑

𝒙−𝟎

Also, as x -> 0+ => f(x) -> f(0+) = 1+

 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 𝒈[𝒇(𝒙)] = 𝒈(𝟏+ ) = −𝟑

𝒙→𝟎

Hence, 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈[𝒇(𝒙)] exists and is equal to -3

𝒙→𝟎

Solution 18:-

𝒆𝒙 −(𝟏+𝒙)
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙𝟐

= 𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝒆𝒙 − 𝟐)/𝟐𝒙
𝒙→𝟎

= ½ 𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝒆𝒙 − 𝟐)/𝒙
𝒙→𝟎

= ½ 𝒙𝟏 = ½

Solution 19:-
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 − 𝒆
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝒆 𝒙 → 𝒆

𝟏
( )
= 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙
𝒙→𝒆 𝟏

= 1/e
Solution 20:-
𝒆𝒙 −𝒆−𝒙 −𝟐𝒙
= 𝐥𝐢𝐦 [0/0 form]
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙

𝒆𝒙 −𝒆−𝒙 −𝟐
= 𝐥𝐢𝐦 [ using L idospital rule]
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙

𝒆𝒙 +𝒆−𝒙
= 𝐥𝐢𝐦 =2
𝒙→𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙

Solution 21:-
𝝅
= 𝐥𝐢𝐦[𝐭𝐚𝐧( + 𝒙)]𝟏/𝒙
𝒙→𝟎 𝒂
𝟏+𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
= 𝐥𝐢𝐦 [ ]
𝒙→𝟎 𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙

𝟏+𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
= e 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟏/𝒙[ − 𝟏]
𝒙→𝟎 𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙

𝟏+𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
= [ -> 1 and 1/x -> ∞]
𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙

𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
= e 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙(𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙)

𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
= e 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟐( ) = 𝒆𝟐
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙

Solution 22:-
√𝟏+𝒙−𝟏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 [0/0 form]
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙

𝟏 𝟏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 − 𝟎 =
𝒙→𝟎 𝟐√𝟏+𝒙 𝟐