Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
LRFD Method
RICHARD M. DRAKE and SHARON J. ELKIN
INTRODUCTION where:
It is common design practice to design a building or struc-
B = base plate width perpendicular to moment direc-
ture beam-column with a moment-resisting or fixed base.
tion, in.
Therefore the base plate and anchor rods must be capable
N = base plate length parallel to moment direction, in.
of transferring shear loads, axial loads, and bending mo-
bf = column flange width, in.
ments to the supporting foundation.
d = overall column depth, in.
Typically, these beam-column base plates have been
/ = anchor rod distance from column and base plate
designed and/or analyzed by using service loads1 or by
centerline parallel to moment direction, in.
approximating the stress relationship assuming the com-
m = base plate bearing interface cantilever direction
pression bearing location.2 The authors present another
parallel to moment direction, in.
approach, using factored loads directly in a method consis-
tent with the equations of static equilibrium and the LRFD N - 0.95J
Specification.3 m = (1)
The moment-resisting base plate must have design
strengths in excess of the required strengths, flexural (MM), n = base plate bearing interface cantilever perpendic-
axial (Pu), and shear (Vu) for all load combinations. ular to moment direction, in.
A typical beam-column base plate geometry is shown
in Figure 1, which is consistent with that shown on page B - 0.802?7
n = (2)
11-61 of the LRFD Manual. 4
x = base plate tension interface cantilever parallel to
moment direction, in.
d
r *f
(3)
J
2 2
tf = column flange thickness, in.
The progression of beam-column loadings, in order of in-
creasing moments, is presented in four load cases.
Case A is a load case with axial compression and shear,
without bending moment. This case results in a full length
uniform pressure distribution between the base plate and
ASSUMED the supporting concrete. This case is summarized in the
BASE PL LRFD Manual4 beginning on page 11-54 and is summa-
BENDING
rized herein for completeness.
PLANES
Case B evolves from Case A by the addition of a small
Fig. 1. Base Plate Design Variables bending moment. The moment changes the full length
uniform pressure distribution to a partial length uniform
pressure distribution, but is not large enough to cause sepa-
Richard M. Drake is Principal Structural Engineer, Fluor
ration between the base plate and the supporting concrete.
Daniel, Irvine, CA.
Case C evolves from Case B by the addition of a spe-
Sharon J. Elkin is Structural Engineer, Fluor Daniel, Irvine, cific bending moment such that the uniform pressure dis-
CA.
tribution is the smallest possible length without separation
Pu
Vu
\yw/////////////7y////////////4y/\A
A 1 AA A A AAAA A
0Vn
0cPp
N
Y/AW//// //////Av///////.
|N/6 1 i
Tu + 0Vn
Pu
-N Vu
v/ty//)/////////A////J/////')'/$//\
N
P N
Fig. 4. Maximum Moment Without Uplift 0< ^ < M„
Mu N
(4) < e (7)
Pu
Tu = qY - Pu (16) Note that all the base plate anchor rods are considered
effective in sharing the shear load.
As a check, back substitute the value for Y into the
equation: Practical Design Procedure—Rod Sizes
Note that all of the base plate anchor rods are not con- where:
sidered effective in sharing the tension load. For most base
fp = concrete bearing stress, ksi
plate designs, only half of the anchor rods are required to
resist tension for a given load combination. The bearing pressure may cause bending in the base plate
The embedment, edge distances, and overlapping shear in the area between theflanges,especially for lightly loaded
cones of the anchor rods into the concrete must be checked columns. Yield line theory8,9 is used to analyze this con-
to assure that the design tensile strength also exceeds the sideration.
required tensile strength. This check should be in accor-
dance with the appropriate concrete design specification, (31)
and is beyond the scope of this paper.3,6 n = 4
It should be noted that base plate holes are often oversized
withrespect to the anchorrods. In this case, some "slippage" Mpi = fp-j- (32)
may be necessary before the anchor rod shear limit state
is reached. For large shear loads, the designer may choose Let c = the larger of m, n, and n':
to investigate alternate shear transfer limit states involving
pretensioned bolts,7 friction and/or shear lugs. (r2\
Mpi = fP\-j (33)
LRFD Specification Requirements Note that for most base plate geometries, the cantilever
dimension (n) is very small and "corner bending" of the
The LRFD Specification3 defines theflexuralyielding limit
base plate is neglected. When the dimension is large to
state in Section Fl.
accommodate more anchor rods or more bearing surface,
Mpi < <f>bMn (28) corner bending plate moments should be considered and
used in the base plate thickness calculations.
Mn = Mp (LRFDF1-1)
Required Strength—Tension Interface
where:
The tension on the anchor rods will cause bending in the
Mpi = required base plateflexuralstrength, in-K base plate for the cantilever distance x.
<f>b = flexural resistance factor = 0.90 For a unit width of base plate:
Mn = nominalflexuralstrength, in-K
Mp = plastic bending moment, in-K (34)
Mpi =
B
Required Strength—Bearing Interface
Nominal Strength
The bearing pressure between the concrete and the base
For a unit width of base plate:
plate will cause bending in the base plate for the cantilever
distances m and n. The bearing stress, fp (ksi), is calculated
considering the required axial andflexuralstrength of the Mn= Mp = (35)
column base, Pu and Mu respectively.
iF>
\Tux
ASTM A36
ANCHOR
RT" '-*+--*-
tp{req) ^ 2.11 (37) RODS 16"
BFV ASTM A307
22"
(38)
fP = BN Mu=120 Ft\-K KPu=U0K
tfXreq) ^ 1.49c
Pu
BNFV
(39)
GROUT
F'c = 6 KSI
3A
//y?//////////vr7jtz
Vu=30K
CN
CONCRETE
F'c = 4 KSI
Case B: Small Moment Without Uplift ELEVATION
f _ u
— U 1.5P„ 1. Dimensions:
(42)
BN 22.0 in.-0.95(12.12 in.)
m = - = 5.24 in. (1)
3. Concrete bearing:
= 76.6 K/in. > 61.2 K/in. used in design o.k.
Assume the bearing on grout area will govern.
q = (0.51)(6 ksi)(20.0 in.) J\ = 61.2 K/in. (10) DESIGN EXAMPLE 2
/ + N = 1 6 ^ + 22:0in1 = 190.n
16
f + e= ^ m " + 11.08 in. = 19.08 in. PLATE
ASTM A36
\2 - 2(130)(19.08)
W8X31
Y = 19.0 ± J(19.0> (20) ASTM A36
61.2
ANCHOR
= 19.0 ± 16.73 = 2.27 in. RODS
Tu = 61.2 K/in.(2.27 in.) - 130 K = 8.92 K (16) ASTM A36
8.92 K
Tub - = 4.46 K (27) Required:
The authors' solution yields the identical base A\ = area of steel concentrically bearing on a concrete
plate size and thickness. Required tensile strength support, in.2