Topic:

BUSBAR
Technology and Solutions
Protection and Substation Automation
PROTECTION
APPLICATION
BASICS 1
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-03-15 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 1

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 Topic Objectives
Objectives

r Measurement
- Differential Current Measurement
- Stabilized Differential Current Measurement
r Intertripping
r Differential Current Supervision
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 © ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 3
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Measuring Principle

Who knows
Mr. Kirchhoff ?

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 Measuring Principle
Kirchhoffs 1st Law: Node Rule

The summe of all

currents must be zero

I1 + I2 + I3 = S I = 0
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 Measuring Principle
Kirchhoffs 1st Law: Node Rule

I1 + I2 + I3 = S I

¹
0
Þ Fault on the busbar
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-03-15 / RW
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Þ Trip circuit breaker

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 Measuring Principle
Differential current measurement

S I = I1 + I2 + I3

If
S I > differential current setting
Þ Trip Busbar Protection
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 Measuring Principle
Stabilised differential current measurement
Differential current Idiff= | S I |

k= 1
k= 0,85
ult
f a
a l
rn
nte
i

no fault
Ikmin
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-03-15 / RW
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0
Restraint current IRest = S | I |
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 Measuring Principle
Stabilised differential current measurement

Advantage:

as more (load / fault) current is flowing on

the busbar
as more differential current is required to
generate a tripping signal
Þ system is very stable in case of
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-03-15 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 8

CT failure
CT saturation
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 Intertripping
Tripping flow chart

Measurement Intertripping
system system
TRIP CB

TRIP BBP
trip all CBs TRIP CB

zone x connected TRIP CB

to zone x
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 How is it possible to detect
failures in the CT circuits
???
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 10
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 Differential Current Supervision
Þ Differential Current Alarm

A differential current for a longer time is

the consequence of a failure in the
system (intern / extern)

Þ Differential current alarm

Þ Option to block the system
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 11
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 Differential Current Supervision

Which failures in the CT circuits

can the Differential current
supervision detect
???
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 12
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 Differential Current Supervision

The differential current

supervision can detect

Þ a missing CT input (e.g. CT circuit

not connected to the system)
Þ a wrong CT ratio
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 13
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-03-15 / RW

Þ a wrong current direction

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 Differential Current Supervision

Þ the “differential current supervision” is able

to detect a missing / wrong CT input
Þ therefore the “differential current alarm” is
very important and must not be ignored by the
operating personal
If not, there is a risk of maloperation !!!
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