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Reaction
GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2
4th Quarter
FOREWORD
Rust is the insistent enemy of iron in ships or other structures. The
formation of rust from the corrosion of iron costs billions of pesos yearly
for replacement of damaged structures and parts or for protection
of exposed metal through coatings and paints. In the reaction, iron
metal gives up electrons to oxygen from the air and forms a brown
flaky substance.
OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify reduced and oxidized elements
2. Balance redox reactions using oxidation number method
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
1. Define oxidation and reduction reactions (STEM_GC11AB-IVf-g-169)
2. Balance redox reactions using the change in oxidation number
method (STEM_GC11AB-IVf-g-170)
What happened?
1. What happens to the compounds in the material
when it undergoes combustion?
2. What are the effects of rust in many companies that
depends mostly in metal substances? Why does it
happen?
3. When a living organism decays what are the factors
affecting it speeding up the process? Is it possible to
stop the decaying process?
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Oxidation and Reduction Reaction
Note: Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) are electrically neutral atoms on their own. When redox
reaction takes place Sodium (Na) loses an electron while Chlorine (Cl) gains an electron. The two
atoms will stick together because of their opposite charges.
Reduction:
Chlorine (Cl) is being reduced. It is gaining an electron.
0 0 +1 -1
Na + Cl →Na+ +Cl-
Here’s how the oxidation number method works for a very simple
equation that you could probably balance in your head.
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The changes in oxidation number are:
Zn: 0 → +2; Change = +2
H: +1 → 0; Change = -1
Each Zn atom has lost two electrons, and each H atom has gained one electron.
You need 2 atoms of H for every 1 atom of Zn. This gives us total changes of +2 and -2.
ACTIVITY NO. 1
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ACTIVITY NO. 2
ACTIVITY NO. 3
Would you use an oxidizing agent or reducing agent in order for
the following reactions to occur?
1. ClO3 →ClO2 ____________________
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WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED
3. CO + I2O5 → CO2+I_2
Answer: __________________________________
LESSON SUMMARY
• Oxidation state shows the total number of electrons which have been
removed from an element (a positive oxidation state) or added to an
element (a negative oxidation state) to get to its present state.
• Oxidation involves an increase in oxidation state
• Reduction involves a decrease in oxidation state
• Recognising this simple pattern is the single most important thing about
the concept of oxidation states. If you know how the oxidation state of
an element changes during a reaction, you can instantly tell whether it
is being oxidised or reduced without having to work in terms of electron-
half-equations and electron transfers. We can identify redox reactions
by checking for changes in oxidation number.
• Redox reactions can be split into oxidation and reduction half-reactions.
We can use the half-reaction method to balance redox reactions, which
requires that both mass and charge are balanced. Three common
types of redox reactions are combustion, disproportionation, and single
replacement reactions.
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ENRICHMENT EXERCISES
4. What are the numbers that can be written above atoms to show
whether they are gaining or losing electrons?
A. Reactants
B. Products
C. Oxidation Number
D. Reaction Number
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KEY TO CORRECTION
Activity 1:
1. A combustion reaction is a reaction that occurs when a substance reacts
with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light. For example,
the explosion inside a rocket ship the combination of ammonium
perchlorate and powdered aluminum gives rise to oxidation-reduction
reaction.
2. The formation of rust from the corrosion of iron costs billions of pesos yearly
for replacement of damaged structures and parts or for protection of
exposed metal through coatings and paints
3. When a plant or animal dies, the organic compounds of which it is
composed begin to react with oxygen. It starts to decay and the redox
reaction happening speeds up the process.
Activity 4:
1. ClO3- → ClO2 reducing agent
2. SO42- → S2- reducing agent
3. Mn^(2+) → MnO_2 oxidizing agent
References:
https://socratic.org/questions/what-is-the-oxidation-number-method
http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~coursedev/Online%20tutorials/Plink/redoxkey.htm
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/redox-reaction.html
Chemistry, Phoenix Publishing House, pp. 160 - 180
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This material was contextualized by the
Department of Education
Schools Division of Bulacan
Learning Resource Management and Development Center
Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial School
ERSAN A. RESURRECCION
Layout Artist