PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

Concept of management: Managing is the art of getting things done through people in formally
organized groups. In other words management can be defined as the skill of directing people’s
work or activities. The ability of managing people is quite different from technical skills. The
main duty of a manger is to take opinions from all the departments of the organization, and
then come to a conclusion that results in management.

MANAGEMENT LEVELS

The term level of management refers to a difference in various managerial positions in an

organization. There are generally four level of management:

1) Top level management: It consists of group of people which are responsible for overall
management of the organization. The main purpose of the top level management is to
layout the objectives of the organization, preparing strategic plans for the organization,
deciding the policies for the organization, maintaining public relation.
2) Upper middle management: The upper middle management consists of the heads of the
various divisions in the organization. These heads are in continuous touch with the top
level management. They are responsible for the proper functioning of the various
divisions in the organisation. They also take part in the various decision taken by the top
level management.
3) Middle management: The middle level management =can have more than one level in
organisation. They are responsible for the direction of people in such a way that the
rules and policies of the organisation are been implemented.
4) Lower level management: The lower level management does not take part in any
decision of the organisation. They do not control any of the managers in the
organisation. Their main purpose is to plan and organize the activities in the group, to
provide training to the new workers, to solve the problem of the workers, etc.

MANAGERIAL ROLES

To fulfill the needs of the organisation, managers are appointed with some roles. So
basically role is an organized set of behaviors which managers have to follow. HENRY
MINTSBERG has identified a certain number of roles. They are:
1) Interpersonal role: If a manger has to be effective, then he/she should change their
roles according to their duty call. There are three main interpersonal skills a manager
should have:
a) Figurehead role
b) Liaison role
c) Leader role
2) Informational role: The three given informational role are concerned with the
information part of the organisation.
a) Monitor role
b) Disseminator role
c) Spokesperson role
3) Decisional role: The manager which have access to the informational part of the
organisation are palces in the centre of organizational decision making. There are
basically four types of decision roles;
a) Entrepreneur role
b) Disturbance handler role
c) Resource allocator role
d) Negotiator role

MANAGERIAL OBJECTIVES

Management is the process of designing and maintain an organizational environment.

Managing is an essential activity for the better work function of the organisation. To achieve
the basic purpose and goals in an organisation, a manager should have some basic
objectives. They are:

a) Customer satisfaction: Customer satisfaction is the main purpose of a manger for the
growth of ant organisation.
b) Satisfied workforce: Workers are the main and basic key for the growth of the
organisation. They contribute effectively for the better working of the organisation.
c) Improved work condition: Fair wages for the workers, job security and improves
working condition increase the willness of the workforce to work in that organisation
which results in increase in the standards of the organisation.
d) Building supplier relationship; Management should try to achieve good relationship with
the suppliers of raw material and capital so as to continue the sane respect and
standard in the market.
 MANAGERIAL ETHICS

Managerial ethics are the kind of behaviour that guides all the levels of managers. These
ethics changes the thinking and decision making ability of a manager to think practically
that what is good for the organisation and what is bad. Managerial ethics focus on the main
i.e., relationship of the management with the employee, employee to the management,
and management to the other main agents of the organisation.

How the firm has the relation with the workers is reflected by the following aspects:

a) Working condition
b) Individual respect as a human being
c) Wages and incentives

How workers treat their management is reflected by the following aspects:

a) Conflicts of interest
b) Honesty shown in the accountancy part of the firm

How the organisation treats the other main agents is reflected by the following aspects:

a) Customer
b) Competitor
c) Suppliers

CLASSICAL APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT

In an organisation bureaucratic represents a complete rational form. The characteristics of a

bureaucracy are built around the framework of large scale administrative task.

The important characteristics of an ideal bureaucratic organisation are:

a) Specialisation and division of labour: The authority and power to caary out assigned
duties is recognized.
b) Positions arranged in hierarchy: Hierarchy is basically the natural order of things.
Bureaucracy has control on almost every member in the organisation.
c) A system of abstract rules: An effective approach to organisation requires a set of rules
to ensure uniformity and coordination within the members of the organisation.
d) Impersonal relationship: An employee should have a good relation with everyone in the
organisation, especially with the seniors. The promotion is based on the relation and
achievements of that employee.

MADE BY- RISHAB SHARMA

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