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Table of Contents
1. Background ............................................................................................................................... 1
2. Manufacture ............................................................................................................................. 2
3. Uses of mill scale ...................................................................................................................... 3
4. Identified uses as reported in IUCLID ..................................................................................... 13
5. REACH legislation extract – REACH Article 14 ........................................................................ 32
This document does not intend to provide a full description of the uses of Mill scale (ferrous metal)
[EC: 266-007-8] as such, but may be used as additional information and explanations on mill scale
uses as reported in the REACH registration dossier.
The substance Mill scale (ferrous metal) [EC: 266-007-8] does not fulfil any of the criteria of the
REACH Article 14(4) (see legislation extract on page 32). Consequently Exposure Scenario is not
required under REACH regulation for this substance. Most of the uses of mill scale are patented.
According to REACH regulation, each registrant is obliged to include a brief description of the use of
the substance according to a use descriptor system that is based on five separate descriptor-lists –
environmental release category (ERC), process category (PROC), chemical product category (PC),
sector of use category (SU), article category (AC) – combined with each other. The mapping of the
uses was hence standardised and group of uses were defined according to uses descriptors.
In 2010, identified uses were completed in IUCLID registration software under the format of the
version 5.2. In July 2010, the generic description of uses, consisting of uses descriptors has been
reviewed and validated by Member Registrants.
In 2013, following the new reporting format in IUCLID 5.4 for the uses, mill scale uses were
rearranged accordingly without adding fundamentally any new uses. The organization of the
different uses in IUCLID is driven by Environmental Release Categories (ERC), see below:
• Manufacture(i.e. ERC 1)
• Formulation (i.e. ERC 2&3)
• Uses at industrial sites (i.e. ERC 4, 5, 6 a/b/c/d & 7)
• Uses by professional workers (i.e. ERC 8 a/b/c/d/e/f & 9 a/b)
• Consumer uses (i.e. ERC 8 a/b/c/d/e/f & 9 a/b)
• Article service life (i.e. ERC 10 a/b, 11 a/b & 12 a/b)
Information on uses descriptors (PROC, ERC, PC, AC…) can be found in the ECHA Guidance on
information requirements and chemical safety assessment - Chapter R.12: Use descriptor system
available at http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r12_en.pdf
PROC 23 Sand and die casting, tapping and casting melted solids, drossing of melted
solids, hot dip galvanising, raking of melted solids in paving
Exposure related to dust and fumes to be expected
1
ECHA Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment - Chapter R.12: Use descriptor system
(Version 2, March 2010)
Preparation and use of Catalysts based on mixed iron oxide are used for the conversion of
Catalysts, http://www.google.com/patents/US3051737
catalysts acetaldehyde to acetic acid with Roentgen rays. The preferred type of
Chemicals
US 3051737 A catalyst is based on alkali impregnated steel rolling-mill scale.
A process for forming cement clinker using mill scale that may have
hydrocarbons associated therewith. Normal feedstock material is preheated
and then transferred to a combustion area. The mill scale is also transferred
to the combustion area where, during the process of burning a material, the
Process for using mill unwanted hydrocarbons are volatilized and converted to harmless gaseous
scale in cement clinker products (by combustion) that can be passed to the atmosphere. The http://www.google.com/patents/US6709510
Cement, clinker
production combustion area may be a precalciner or may be the feed end of the rotary
US 6709510 B1 kiln if the rotary kiln has an adequate temperature profile. The remaining
mill scale and feedstock material are thoroughly mixed and blended and the
mill scale is diffused and combined with the feedstock material as the mill
scale and the feedstock material move from the feed end toward the heat-
source end of the rotary kiln to form cement clinker.
Method for The present invention refers to a method for manufacturing counterweights
for clothes washing machines. The method according to the present
manufacturing
invention calls for replacing concrete with another filling material, such as http://www.google.com/patents/EP0812946B1
counterweights for
preferably mill scale. For this material to be able to be used as a filling
washing machines material in such counterweights, it shall be charged and mixed with a liquid
EP 0812946 B1 additive, preferably water.
Operation of iron oxide The present invention relates to the methods and processes for processing
recovery furnace for waste materials or by-products such as electric arc furnace dust (EAF), basic
Energy saving, oxygen furnace sludge, mill scale, galvanizing sludge/dust, batteries and
energy savings, volatile http://www.google.com/patents/EP1863943A4
Heat other materials while producing metal products and recovering iron and
metal removal and slag volatile metals. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods
conservation
control and process for processing waste materials or by-products that involve the
EP 1863943 A4 separation of volatile metals, slag and iron in an energy efficient manner.
Waste material containing heavy metals are mixed with the by-product mill
scale or with reduced iron or fines and with a fine grained carrier material
Reuse of metallurgical
Exothermic having a low density until a crumbly mixed product results, of which a fine http://www.google.com/patents/WO1996031630A1
fines
power fraction of between 0 and 6 mm in grain size is sievable for injection into a
WO 1996031630 A1 metallurgical furnace. Water may be added to the mixed product using wet
carbon-containing slurries. Lime-containing dusts may be added.
Method for producing A method for producing an iron-based feedstock suitable for use as the
Feedstock iron feedstock feedstock for steel mills, from industrial waste and by-product streams, by http://www.google.com/patents/EP0795036A4
treating the waste stream with an ammonium chloride leaching solution,
EP 0795036 A4 (text
separating the undissolved precipitates comprising iron compounds from
A submerged arc furnace produces foundry iron from scrap iron and steel
sources where little or no slag is produced. Scrap iron or steel is fed into the
Process for producing
submerged arc furnace with a source of silica and a carbonaceous reducing http://www.google.com/patents/WO1996034988A1
Foundry foundry iron
agent. The scrap iron and steel is melted while simultaneously smelting the
WO 1996034988 A1 silica in the presence of the carbonaceous reducing agent. Suitable sources
of iron for use in the present invention include mill scale
2
ECHA Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment - Chapter R.12: Use descriptor system
(Version 2, March 2010)
Article 14(3). A chemical safety assessment of a substance shall include the following steps:
(a) human health hazard assessment;
(b) physicochemical hazard assessment;
(c) environmental hazard assessment;
(d) persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) and very persistent and very bioaccumulative
(vPvB) assessment.
Article 14(4). If, as a result of carrying out steps (a) to (d) of paragraph 3, the registrant concludes
that the substance meets the criteria for classification as dangerous in accordance with Directive
67/548/EEC or is assessed to be a PBT or vPvB, the chemical safety assessment shall include the
following additional steps:
(a) exposure assessment including the generation of exposure scenario(s) (or the identification
of relevant use and exposure categories if appropriate) and exposure estimation;
(b) risk characterisation.
The exposure scenarios (where appropriate the use and exposure categories), exposure
assessment and risk characterisation shall address all identified uses of the registrant.