SAP SD ERP RELATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1.What is SAP?
SAP stands for Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing.
SAP, by definition, is also name of the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software as well the name
of the company. ... SAP system consists of a number of fully integrated modules, which covers
virtually every aspect of business management.
2.What is sap better than other ERPS?
When Compared to Other ERP Systems, SAP Offers the Quickest Financial Payback and Shorter
Implementation Time. SAP is the second most expensive ERP system to implement (Oracle is first).
However, it does provide the quickest financial payback (around nine months) when compared to
other erp.
3.What is the use of an ERP?
SAP Sales and Distribution (SAP SD) is a core functional module in SAP ERP Central Component (ECC)
that allows organizations to store and manage customer- and product-related data.
Organizations use this data to manage all of the sales ordering, shipping, billing, and invoicing of
their goods and services.
SAP enterprise structure is organizational structure that represents an enterprise in SAP R/3 system.
It consists of some organizational units which, for legal reasons or for other specific business-related
reasons or purposes, are grouped together. Organizational units include legal company entities,
sales offices, profit centers, etc. Organizational units handle specific business functions.
4.what happens if an ERP fails?
Unfortunately, no company is immune to the devastating impacts of an ERP failure. Here are a few
famous examples of what can happen when an ERP implementation doesn't go as planned. There's
no doubt that an Enterprise Resource Planning system (ERP) can bring immeasurable benefits to a
manufacturing company.
5.what is ABAP/4?
ABAP/4 is the programming language used for the thousand tiny embedded ... ABAP is code written
in an interpretive language similar to COBOL in syntax.
Sap abap is a fourth generation language and termed as ABAP/4 and the term SAP ABAP stands for
advanced business application programming. The current version of ABAP is object oriented, the
programming language is now official called as SAP ABAP Objects. By using ABAP, you can easily
write the entire sap application as per project requirements.
6.when is sap started?
1 April 1972, Weinheim, Germany
SAP was started in 1972 by five former IBM employees with a vision of creating a standard
application software for real-time business processing. SAP stands for Systems Applications and
Products in Data Processing. Since its inception SAP has issued several releases, such
as SAP R/1, SAP R/2, and SAP R/3.
7.what ECC version you are using?
ECC 6.0 incl EHP7(Enhancement Component Control)
8.Difference between HANA and ECC version?
The difference: ECC could deal with different database platforms underneath (Oracle, DB/2, MS SQL
and of course HANA). S/4 HANA only runs on top of SAP HANA. SAP HANA is a RDBMS like Oracle,
MSSQL, DB2 etc. Speciality is, it is an in-memory, column oriented database.
9.Explain SAP SD BUSINESS FLOW?
SAP Sales and Distribution (SD) is an important module of SAP ERP consisting of business processes
required in selling, shipping, billing of a product. The module is tightly integrated with other SAP MM
& SAP PP. Key sub-modules of SAP SD are Customer and Vendor Master Data, Sales, Delivery, Billing,
Pricing and Credit Management.
10.How many modules we have in sap sd?
AP Financial Accounting (FI)
SAP Controlling (CO)
SAP Sales and Distribution (SD)
SAP Production Planning (PP)
SAP Materials Management (MM)
SAP Quality Management (QM)
SAP Human Capital Management (HCM)
11.How are all modules connected?
SD link points with other modules
SD module is highly integrated with the other modules in SAP.
The following provides a brief idea, how SD is linked to other mondules in a said process:
Sales Order:
Link Points
Link Points Modules involved in the link

Availability Check MM

Costing CO/MM

Credit Check FI

Tax Determination FI

Transfer of Requirements PP/MM

Delivery and Goods Issue:

Integration points Module

Availability Check MM

Credit Check FI

Reduces stock MM

Reduces Inventory FI/CO

Requirement Eliminated PP/MM

Billing

Integration points Module

Debit A/R FI/CO

Credit Revenue FI/CO

Updates G/ L (Tax, discounts, surcharges, etc.) FI/ CO

Milestone Billing PS
Return Delivery & Credit Memo
 Integration points Module

Increases Inventory MM

Updates G/ L FI

Credit Memo FI

Adjustment to A/R FI

Reduces Revenue FI

SD Transaction Code Flow:

Document type Standard sales document type Transaction Codes Tables
(Create/Change/Display)

Sales Order OR VA01 / VA02 / VA03 VBAK & VBAP

Quotation QT VA21 / VA22 / VA23 VBAK & VBAP

Purchase Order NB ME21 / ME22 / ME23 EKKO & EKPO

Inquiry IN VA11 / VA12 / VA13 VBAK & VBAP

Delivery LF VL01N / VL02N / VL03N LIKP & LIPS

Billing F2 VF01 / VF02 / VF03 VBRK & VBRP

To create a sales order we need purchase order number and customer number.
Before that, to create a purchase order we need to have material no, vendor no.
To create vendor (Tables-LFA1) T Code are
XK01 Create centrally

XK02 Change centrally

XK03 Display centrally

To create customer T Code (Table-KNA1)
XD01 Create centrally

XD02 Change centrally

XD03 Display centrally

12.What is Net weaver?
SAP Net Weaver is a technology of the software company SAP SE, and the technical foundation for
many SAP applications. It is a solution stack of SAP's technology products. The SAP Net Weaver
Application Server (sometimes referred to as Web AS) is the runtime environment for the SAP
applications, and all of the my SAP Business Suite runs on SAP Web AS: supplier relationship
management (SRM), customer relationship management (CRM), supply chain management (SCM), product
lifecycle management (PLM), enterprise resource planning (ERP), transportation management system (TMS) .
13.What is ALE?
ALE stands for Application Link Enabling. ALE is used for exchanging business data between different
systems. This form of communication requires IDOC interface.

14.What is transport/Customizing Request?

Transport Requests (TRs) – is a kind of 'Container / Collection' of changes that are made in the
development system. It also records the information regarding the type of change, the purpose of
transport, request category and the target system. It is also known as Change Requests.
Each TR contains one or more change jobs, also known as change Tasks (minimum unit of
transportable change). Tasks are stored inside a TR, just like multiple files are stored in some folder.
TR can be released only once all the tasks inside a TR are completed, released or deleted.
Change Task is actually a list of objects that are modified by a particular user. Each task can be
assigned to (and released by) only one user. However multiple users can be assigned to each
Transport Request (as it can contain multiple tasks). Tasks are not transportable by themselves, but
only as a part of TR.
Change requests are named in a standard format as: <SID>K<Number> [Not modifiable by system
administrators]
SID – System ID
K – Is fixed keyword/alphabet
Number – can be anything from a range starting with 900001

Example: DEVK900030

Tasks also use the same naming convention, with 'numbers' consecutive to the number used in TR
containing them.

For Example, Tasks in the above mentioned TR Example can be named as: DEVK900031,
DEVK900032 …

15.What is the benefits of SD for a Manufacturing company?

Tracking pre and post sales data, as well as maintain effective record of sales transactions.
Performance reports on sales, individual performances and team performances. Effective
management of documents through well-defined sales and distribution process.
16.Which type of companies can use SAP SD?
Company 1: Logistics Provider.
The company provides Services of delivering parcels from one location to another in the country.
After operation team process the shipments in the delivery hub, the shipment data will be sent for
Billing and Finance posting. Company uses SD and FICO modules.
Company 2: Electricity Retailer.
The company retails electricity. It can produce its own electricity or can buy from other service
providers in order to sell in households. It installs its own devices/metres to track electricity
consumption. Company uses DM, Billing, and FICA modules.
SAP ERP is an enterprise resource planning software developed by the German company SAP SE.
23,981 companies that use SAP ERP.
SAP ERP is most often used by companies with between 50 and 200 employees and a turnover of
between $ 1 million and $ 10 million.
SAP ERP incorporates the key business functions of an organization.
Companies using SAP ERP are most often in the United States and in the computer software
industry.
SAP ERP customers are also likely to use ABAP and SAP Materials Management.
Installation Targeting Increases Your Number of Qualified Accounts
Refine the results by size of company, site and sector.
We provide targeted accounts and not contacts.
Delivery in one day or less.
Market Share of SAP ERP and Competitors in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
We use the best analytical techniques combined with advanced data science to monitor the market
share of more than 5,000 technology products, including Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). In the
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) category, SAP ERP's market share is approximately 8.3%.
Looking at SAP ERP customers by industry, found that the most important software is computer
software (9%), information technology and services (7%), and staffing and recruiting. (5%).
33% of SAP ERP customers are located in the United States, 8% in India and 6% in the United
Kingdom.
Of all the companies that use SAP ERP, 25% are small (<50 employees), 39% are medium-sized, and
36% are large (> 1000 employees).
Breakdown of companies that use SAP ERP by size of business (Revenue)
Breakdown of companies that use SAP ERP by size of company (employees)
Of all the companies that use SAP ERP, 40% are small (<50 million USD), 20% are medium-sized and
31% are large (> 1000 million USD).
Installation Targeting Increases Your Number of Qualified Accounts
Refine the results by size of company, site and sector.
We provide targeted accounts and not contacts.
Delivery in one day or less.

17.Explain R/3 Architecture?

SAP R/3 is a 3 tier architecture consisting of 3 layers
Presentation
Application
Data base.
In simple words, it’s a client server architecture.
R signifies Real-time system
3 represents - 3-tier architecture.
.
18, How much time each sap implementation takes?
At a minimum, you can implement SAP within 6 months with most of the key modules - MM, PP, SD,
FI, CO. What makes it complicated and time-consuming is the fact that you have to consider
localization work covering local, legal and statutory requirements which are almost always
mandatory. The duration also depends on your user base and the amount of time it takes for you to
train all of them and the size of your project team.
In one of my recent project, we covered 8 legal entities in both 2 languages with all the basic ECC
functionalities like MM, PP, SD, FI, CO plus Fixed Assets, Quality Management and Plant
Maintenance along with SRM in 12 months with 100+ users. Right now, I am working on another
implementation that covers both ECC and SRM with all of the modules mentioned above for 10
months with less team members and with infrastructure being built alongside.
So you can expedite a project depending on your scope and budget. If you have a fixed scope but
you want to finish the work faster, allot budget to add more resource to do the work. If you have a
fixed budget and time, you can either cut or control your scope. There are different ways on playing
with your triple constraints to manage the duration of an implementation project. You just need to
be creative and resourceful. At the end of the day, experience will always be your best basis for
estimation.
19.Who is an implementation partner?
Whether you're a customer trying to find a partner to work with, a company looking to explore and
join our partner ecosystem, or an existing SAP partner who wants to login to our secure website –
you've come to the right place.
20.How many types of implementations we have? What is sap methodology and what is activate
methodology?
ASAP Methodology: SAP Implementation Phases

What is ASAP Methodology:

ASAP stands for Accelerated SAP. ASAP Methodology is one of the important Software Development
Life Cycles (SDLC) used for SAP Implementation projects. SAP is one of the best ERP systems, and
ASAP Methodology is the way SAP implementation happens.
SAP projects are long and intense. They require lots of effort and many resources from developers
and managers. It can be really tricky if SAP projects are not planned in a proper form. SAP itself gives
a proper methodology to design the project so it will give reliable results
The ASAP methodology provides the proper framework for an implementation roadmap. SAP
Implementation consists of several phases that include every stage of the software development
lifestyle (SDLC) for SAP implementation. ASAP Methodology divides a project according to these vital
phases. Each phase is considered a milestone. The project management team can concentrate on
the current phase and start preparing for the next phase. This also provides a better roadmap and
work distribution. The ASAP methodology provides a framework for SAP projects for implementation
and enhancement as well for the customization needed for production support.
SAP Implementation Phases
Here are the six phases of a SAP implementation project:
Project Preparation
Business Blueprint
Realization
Final Preparation
Go Live
Post-Production Support
ASAP Methodology—SAP Implementation Phases
21.Explain difference between implementation, support , upgrade, roll-out and integration
projects?
SAP Has 3 types of Projects : ( I R S Simply)
1) Implementation Project
2) Rollout Project
3) Supporting Project
IMPLEMENTATION PROJECT:
As the word suggests, i mean, IMPLEMENTATION means implementing Business Processes. After
purchasing the SAP (ERP), Companies do Study the Methodologies and various process and case
studies.
In Implementation, Several People works on various functional modules listed below (can be
considered as SAP BI ARCHITECTS, DESIGNERS, SAP CONSULTANTS)
Every Module has its Importance and is linked to other module in one or many ways(SAP is all Tables
and Table Relations)
1. Function Modules: Ex: FI CO Consultant, SD Consultant etc.
2. Technical Module ABAP Programmer.
3. Basis & security Administration
4. Others
Function Modules:
Financial Accounting (FI)
Financial Supply Chain Management (FSCM)
Controlling (CO)
Materials Management (MM)
Sales and Distribution (SD)
Logistics Execution (LE)
Production Planning (PP)
Quality Management (QM)
Plant Maintenance (PM)
Project System (PS)
Human Resources (HR)
Technical Module:
SAP Technical (ABAP Programmers)
Basis & Security Consultants:
OTHERS
BIW (BI or BW) – Business Information Warehouse
CRM – Customer Relationship Management
IDES – International Demonstration and Education System
KW – Knowledge Warehouse
MDM – Master Data Management
You can easily find the different SAP Types in diagram as follows:

22.Which database is most commonly used in sap?

Oracle Database for SAP Features
Database In-Memory
Advanced Compression
Multitenant
Security and Compliance
Table and Index Partitioning
Scalability, High Availability, Disaster Recovery
Database In-Memory
Challenge: In more and more systems, meeting analytics performance requirements turns out to be
a challenge. This is true for long-running queries in BW. However, it can also happen in OLTP
systems, e.g. if a very flexible implementation of operational planning/reporting allows users to
create many, slightly different query variants.
Value Proposition: Oracle Database 12c In-Memory allows administrators to dedicate a certain
amount of database server memory to the Column Store – a memory structure that stores data in
column format instead of in row format. Setup of the Column Store is fast and easy. Having data
available in column format can improve query performance substantially.
Certification/Support: Unlike similar options offered by competitors, the use of Oracle Database In-
Memory is not limited to SAP Business Warehouse (SAP BW). It is supported for all SAP applications
based on SAP NetWeaver, including typical OLTP applications.
Versions: Oracle Database 12c and higher.
Advanced Compression
Challenge: In more and more cases today the size and the expected future growth of the database
becomes a problem. Aspects of this problem include: Storage cost, performance guarantees (SLAs),
cloning and backup of database files within a reasonable time.
Value Proposition: Oracle Advanced Compression uses a different format for storing table data.
Together with other compression technologies, which come with Oracle Database Enterprise Edition
(e.g. Index Key Compression), it helps reduce the database size by 50% or more. This is the essential
benefit in the sense that this is the effect Advanced Compression is designed for. The benefit from a
smaller source database footprint is that the creation of backups and other copies will require less
time. As an additional benefit customers using Advanced Compression may see a performance
improvement. Additional (as opposed to essential) here means: It may, but it is not guaranteed to
happen.
Oracle Database 12c Advanced Compression offers additional features (Heat Map, Automatic Data
Optimization) that enable customers to implement deferred data compression and sophisticated
Information Lifecycle Management (ILM) strategies.
Certification/Support: Oracle Advanced Compression is certified for all SAP NetWeaver applications.
SAP provides the tool BRSPACE, which is aware of all SAP-specific requirements.
Versions: Oracle Database 11g and higher
Related Feature: Hybrid Columnar Compression (which is not included in Advanced Compression, but
is a feature available on Oracle‘s Engineered Systems) provides stronger compression algorithms
particularly suited for “cold” (i.e. historical) data. HCC (with row-level locking) can be used in SAP
environments.
Multitenant
Challenge: Many SAP landscapes consist of a few large and a considerable number of small or very
small systems. However, the existence of many small SAP systems based on as many independent
database servers has several disadvantages:
Many small systems (even virtualized ones) use too many hardware resources (memory, CPU).
Too much time is spent for the administration of so many small database systems.
Value Proposition: Oracle Multitenant reduces resource consumption by separating “container” and
“pluggable” databases. It simplifies administration by moving standard operations to the “container
database” level.
Certification/Support: Oracle Multitenant can be used in SAP environments.
Versions: Oracle Database 12c and higher
Security and Compliance
Advanced Compression
Challenge: In order to read or update data in an Oracle Database that is the data store of an SAP
application, the obvious and only choice for legitimate users is this particular application. Attackers,
however, who want to bypass SAP‘s user management and access control, could use either a
network sniffing tool to capture data in transit or some kind of file editor to read data at rest, i.e. in a
database file copy.
Value Proposition: Network Encryption, which can be used to protect data in transit, is provided by
the Oracle Database free of charge. Oracle Advanced Security is a bundle of additional encryption
features that allow administrators to encrypt data at rest and make it harder for attackers to
understand what they see. Transparent Data Encryption protects data in the production database,
while Backup Set Encryption protects backup copies.
Certification/Support: Oracle Advanced Security is certified for all SAP NetWeaver applications.
Versions: Oracle Database 11g and higher
Database Vault
Challenge: Data encryption does not help, if attackers do not use third-party tools, but Oracle tools
and Oracle Database accounts to bypass the SAP applications. This is particularly dangerous in the
case of privileged database users (database administrators). And it is particularly relevant, if
database administration is outsourced or data are stored in the cloud.
Value Proposition: Oracle Database Vault replaces the traditional database privilege management
strategy with a new, more flexible and more powerful one. It goes far beyond traditional user–
privilege or user–role correlations. Oracle Database Vault allows companies to implement and
enforce concepts such as the segregation of duties or the four eyes principle.
Certification/Support: Oracle Database Vault is certified for all SAP NetWeaver applications.
Versions: Oracle Database 11g and higher
Table and Index Partitioning
Challenge: In more and more situations today the distribution of the data on disk turns out to be a
problem:
Single queries or complex batch jobs accessing a certain subset of the table data need too much time
to complete.
Data load (SAP BW) is either slow, because it must update many indexes; or indexes are dropped
and rebuilt, in order to reduce load time, but this slows down user queries.
Data archiving results in heavily fragmented databases.
Customer wants to implement information lifecycle management Advanced Compression (Oracle
Database 12c).
Value Proposition: Oracle Partitioning divides tables and indexes into smaller units (called partitions)
and forces all data to be stored in the appropriate unit. Partitions can be accessed and managed
individually and independently from each other. Therefore:
Ideally a query now finds all relevant data in one single partition and can ignore all other partitions
(„partition pruning“). This can reduce the runtime considerably.
If the indexes defined on a partitioned table are partitioned as well, individual index partitions can
be dropped and rebuilt while all other partitions remain untouched.
The data archiving strategy can be based on the partition structure, and this can avoid disk space
fragmentation.
Partitioning is one of the basis technologies for information lifecycle management.
Certification/Support: Oracle Partitioning is certified for all SAP NetWeaver applications.
Partitioning (range partitioning) is configured and used by default in SAP BW on Oracle. In SAP OLTP
systems, it can either be implemented using the SAP Partitioning Engine (which covers the data
archiving issue) or by Oracle ACS for SAP
Versions: Oracle Database 11g and higher
Scalability, High Availability, Disaster Recovery
Real Application Clusters (RAC)
Challenge: When the workload on a database server increases (due to new application versions,
additional applications, or more users), the traditional solution is to replace the existing server with
a bigger one (scale-up). Big servers, however, are very expensive.
In order to guarantee high availability of the database server, traditionally a failover cluster is
implemented. Such a solution, however, has at least two disadvantages:
A failover cluster relies on the concept that, at any given moment, only one database instance
running on one machine can be active. The other machine (most probably an expensive server, too)
is always idle.
When a problem on the primary machine is detected, an Oracle Database Server instance needs to
be started on the secondary machine. In this particular situation, startup can take up to 30 minutes –
which means: up to 30 minutes unplanned downtime.
Value Proposition: Real Application Clusters (RAC) allows multiple instances to be up and running and
to access the same database at the same time. As these instances can and in most cases do run on
different machines, customers have the option to implement a scale-out approach: 4, 6, or 8 small
servers can handle the same workload as one big server. However, they are much cheaper. And they
can be added as needed.
In this architecture, all Oracle instances are up and running at the same time. Therefore no restart is
required. If one of the RAC servers fails, the other instances can take over. A reconnect of the
affected users is a matter of seconds, not of minutes.
To summarize all this in a few words: The value proposition of Oracle Real Application Clusters
combines workload distribution, scalability, high availability, better manageability, and cost savings.
Certification/Support: Oracle Real Application Clusters is certified for all SAP NetWeaver applications.
Versions: Oracle Database 11g and higher
Data Guard and Active Data Guard
Challenge: RAC provides high availability by multiplying the number of Oracle instances. Such high
availability, however, is restricted to the instance level. Even in a RAC-based system, the database
remains a single point of failure. This means that DBA errors, data corruption, server or data center
failures can make the whole system unavailable.
Value Proposition: Data Guard removes this single point of failure. The technology allows customers
to set up a standby (shadow) database as a copy of the primary (production) database and then keep
the two databases synchronized. Please note that Data Guard is included in Oracle Database
Enterprise Edition. It is not an option.
However, Active Data Guard is an option. In Oracle Database 11g (and higher) it offers additional
features such as Automatic Block Repair and Fast Incremental Backup.
Active Data Guard Far Sync, the main new feature with Oracle Database 12c, allows customers to
combine high performance (a characteristic of asynchronous data shipping) and zero data loss (a
characteristic of synchronous data shipping).
Certification/Support: Oracle Data Guard is certified for all SAP NetWeaver applications. However,
only physical standby databases are supported, logical standby databases are not.
Oracle Active Data Guard is certified for all SAP NetWeaver applications. However, Real-Time Query
is not possible in SAP environments, because even report generation is not a read-only operation.
Versions: Oracle Database 11g and higher

23.What do you mean by a Table? How can we find a table from a Transaction?

A table is a collection of related data held in a table format within a database. It consists of columns,
and rows.
In relational databases, and flat file databases, a table is a set of data elements (values) using a model of
vertical columns (identifiable by name) and horizontal rows, the cell being the unit where a row and
column intersect.[1] A table has a specified number of columns, but can have any number of
rows.[2] Each row is identified by one or more values appearing in a particular column subset. A
specific choice of columns which uniquely identify rows is called the primary key.
"Table" is another term for "relation"; although there is the difference in that a table is usually
a multiset (bag) of rows where a relation is a set and does not allow duplicates. Besides the actual
data rows, tables generally have associated with them some metadata, such as constraints on the table
or on the values within particular columns.[dubious – discuss]
The data in a table does not have to be physically stored in the database. Views also function as
relational tables, but their data are calculated at query time. External tables
(in Informix[3] or Oracle,[4][5] for example) can also be thought of as views.
FINDING A TABLE FROM A TRANSACTION
Normally, when we are attempting to find the table for a particular object’s field we can do so by
drilling down the highlighted field via F1->Technical Information (hammer & wrench) buttons. There
we will find the table name and the field name of the selected field. This table name we can then
plug in the data browser transaction (SE16N) to look on the table records. This allows us to observe
for data trends, consistencies, links, and irregularities
24.what is RFC?
RFC is a mechanism that allows business applications to communicate and exchange information (in
pre-defined formats) with other systems. RFC stands for 'Remote Function Call'
RFC consists of two interfaces:
A calling interface for ABAP Programs
A calling interface for Non-SAP programs.
25.What is an IDOC?
IDOC stands for Intermediate Documentation
IDOC , short for Intermediate Document, is a SAP document format for business transaction data
transfers.[1] Non SAP-systems can use IDOC as the standard interface (computing) for data
transfer.[2] IDOC is similar to XML in purpose, but differs in syntax. Both serve the purpose of data
exchange and automation in computer systems, but the IDOC-Technology takes a different
approach.
While XML allows having some metadata about the document itself, an IDOC is obliged to have
information at its header like its creator, creation time etc. While XML has a tag-like tree structure
containing data and meta-data, IDOC use a table with the data and meta-data. IDOC also have a
session that explains all the processes which the document passed or will pass, allowing one to
debug and trace the status of the document.

26.What is BAPI?
Business Application Programming Interface(BAPI) are standardized programming interfaces
(methods) enabling external applications to access business processes and data in the R/3 System.
They provide stable and standardized methods to achieve seamless integration between the R/3
System and external applications, legacy systems and add-ons.
27.What is BADI and user exit, Give some user exit examples?
BADI:
BADI (Business Add-In) is a new SAP Object Oriented enhancement technique which is used to add
our own business functionality to the existing SAP standard functionality.
BADI's are available in SAP R/3 from the system release 4.6c
User Exit we are using in Procedural concept / structural concept and
BADI we are using in Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) concept...
User Exit/BADI is the enhancement to standard functionality...which has been provided by SAP....
User Exit is the Z include provided in the Exit Function Module...In which you have to enhance your
functionality....
BADI is Business add in.in which you have to make changes in the Method....which has to be
identified by debugging the standard code for your action .....
Type of Enhancements are :
User Exits, Transactions (SMOD - Sap implementation projects & CMOD - Customer Implementation
Projects.)
BADI - Business Add In...transaction (SE18 - Definition & SE19 - Implementation)
BTE - Business Transaction Events... Transaction (FIBF)
28.What is a Report?
Many times we get a request from client to give list of all standard SAP Reports.
Sales summary - VC/2
Standard sap -SD report list:
Display Customer Hierarchy - VDH2
Display Condition record report - V/I6
Pricing Report - V/LD
Create Net Price List - V_NL
List customer material info - VD59
List of sales order - VA05
List of Billing documents – VF05
Inquiries list - VA15
Quotation List - VA25
Incomplete Sales orders - V.02
Backorders - V.15
Outbound Delivery Monitor - VL06o
Incomplete delivery - V_UC
Customer Returns-Analysis - MC+A
Customer Analysis- Sales - MC+E
Customer Analysis- Cr. Memo - MC+I
Deliveries-Due list - VL04
Billing due list - VF04
Incomplete Billing documents - MCV9
Customer Analysis-Basic List - MCTA
Material Analysis(SIS) - MCTC
Sales org analysis – MCTE
Sales org analysis-Invoiced sales - MC+2
Material Analysis-Incoming orders - MC(E
General- List of Outbound deliveries - VL06f
Material Returns-Analysis - MC+M
Material Analysis- Invoiced Sales - MC+Q
Variant configuration Analysis - MC(B
Sales org analysis-Incoming orders - MC(I
Sales org analysis -Returns - MC+Y
Sales office Analysis- Invoiced Sales - MC-E
Sales office Analysis- Returns - MC-A
Shipping point Analysis - MC(U
Shipping point Analysis-Returns - MC-O
Blocked orders - V.14
Order Within time period - SD01
Duplicate Sales orders in period - SDD1
Display Delivery Changes - VL22
29.Will SAP work on UNIX and MAC?
SAPGUI is the GUI client in SAP ERP's 3-tier architecture of database, application server and client. It is
software that runs on a Microsoft Windows, Apple Macintosh or Unix desktop, and allows a user to
access SAP functionality in SAP applications such as SAP ERP and SAP Business Information
Warehouse (now called SAP Business Intelligence). It is the platform used for remote access to the SAP
central server in a company network.
'Mac is key for any modern enterprise' – SAP
Offering Mac is key for any modern enterprise,” Thomas Saueressig, SVP, Global Head of IT
Services, SAP says on Apple’s recently updated Mac in Business Website,
30.What is version of SAP GUI you are using?
SAP GUI for Windows 7.60 was created with Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 which is in mainstream
support by Microsoft until 12th of April 2022
SAP GUI for Windows 7.60 is supported until 12th of April 2022.
31.What is use of SAP EASY ACCESS?
This folder allows you to start SAP transactions, run reports or execute system commands directly
after logging on to a specific system. Connections: This folder allows you to maintain connections
that you use daily.
32.What is IMG?
IMG STANDS FOR Implementation Guide
33.What do you mean by system Landscape?
SAP System landscape is the group of systems you have installed, all the systems are linked to
different transport routs to main system, system landscape may vary from company to company or
business to business, SAP recommended landscape is explained below.
System Landscape & Architecture. Advertisements. SAP system landscape is defined as an
arrangement of SAP servers. Ideally, in a Sap environment, a three-system landscape exists.
A system landscape consists of Development Server (Dev), Production Server (PROD), and Quality
Assurance server (QAS)
34.Whai is SCM in the Non-SAP Terminology ?.
Supply Chain Management: You face enormous pressure to reduce costs while increasing innovation
and improving customer service and responsiveness. SAP Supply Chain Management (SAP SCM)
enables collaboration, planning, execution, and coordination of the entire supply network,
empowering you to adapt your supply chain processes to an ever-changing competitive
environment.
35.What is logistics in SAP EASY ACCESS?
This SAP easy access tutorial will give you an overview on how to set up, access, and utilize the easy
access shortcuts within SAP. You will also learn about setting up connections and executing
transactions.
The SAP easy access menu allows you to access desired transactions and reports if you are not aware
of the transaction code. You can reach your desired transaction or report by clicking on the expand
button to expand the options and subfolders. The below image shows the standard SAP menu which
will be displayed if no user-specific menu is set.

36.What is difference between product and service?

I know basic "Materials" are of physical products. But
"Service" is not physical products.
We maintain 'General Data' and 'Relationships' for a service type Product. In “Service For”
Relationships' we maintain the Product details for which this Service is being provided. This typically
happens in case of Plant Maintenance.
Material is of physical in nature but Service is something which is applied on where in part of
company's business is providing (selling) Service. Ex: Mobile phone service
37.What are the advantages and disadvantages of implementing SAP?
Advantages:
One advantage of SAP is its flexibility
SAP allows companies to create their own rules within the SAP structure.
These rules set the parameters for acceptable and unacceptable transactions.
EXAMPLE: the system will not allow a journal entry to process if it doesn't balance.
Companies determine which employees access each area in the SAP environment.
Only qualified personnel receive access to personnel data, such as wage rates.
SAP also has the flexibility to integrate its data with a variety of databases.
Users can download information into spreadsheets for further analysis
DIS ADVANTAGES:
A disadvantage of SAP is the high cost of purchasing and implementing this program.
The company must purchase the software and hardware necessary to run the programs company-
wide.
Costs include labor costs of internal information technology (IT) employees or external consultants
overseeing the process.
Once the company implements the software, employees need to be trained.
This involves training each employee in the functions they have access to.
Ongoing costs include software maintenance and periodic upgrades
38.Why SAP will fail?
There are mainly 8 reasons to fail SAP project
Lack of Strategic plan
Inaccurate estimates of time required for project completion.
Poorly defined project scope.
Poor risk management
Insufficient testing
Human resource challenges.
Failure to engage stakeholders
Inadequate Project Management.
39.How do we implement SAP for a pharma/chemical company, manufacturing company and
telecom company?
There are countless industry regulatory standards such as the EMA, FDA, BRC, IFR & GHS) and GMP
guidelines that the companies within the Pharmaceuticals & Chemical Industry must adhere. One
can easily meet all legal and GMP regulations while designing more efficient production process,
supply chain management and logistics to compete in the global market. By implementing SAP ERP
systems in both industries you can increase efficiency and reduce costs. Savings and production
flexibility, logistics were the key decision factors that enable the small & mid-sized companies to stay
in the competitive market. According to the unique requirements of SAP Pharmaceutical and
chemical industry, the functions of SAP business one were expanded & the SAP ERP software also
supports legally regulated business processes and ensure secure documentation flows. Supports legal
standards & GMP guidelines, Ease formula modelling, effortless supply chain traceability,
documentation, seamless integration of subsystems and maintenance of production facilities are the
few benefits of SAP ERP software. With this integrated software package, business entities such as
sales, accounting, finance, production and customer relationship will be under a single structure.
Implementation of SAP Pharmaceutical and Chemical industry provide efficient and effective
planning to increase production planning.
SAP solutions for pharmaceutical industry
SAP for the pharmaceutical industry provides a clear solution for the production of medicines. SAP
for pharmaceutical industry is carried out efficiently and helps business entities, from finance to
accounting services, sales, Production, customer relations are served within a single Structure. The
implementation of SAP pharmaceutical industry allows for efficient planning for increased
production. SAP in pharmaceutical industry helps to follow product manufacturing to produce
products with specified quality standards and also minimize the risk. SAP solutions give information
helps reduce manual effort on the update process. It is simply a question of finding a solution to the
disease that currently exists in the environment, which deals with various aspects to ensure prompt
patient care. Pharmaceutical industry was especially worried about their time. SAP pharmaceutical
provides alerts and notices to represent when the product has an expiration date.
SAP solutions for chemical industry
The SAP solution is designed for companies in the chemical industry who involved in the research,
development and marketing of components and products for household chemicals, personal care
products, cosmetics, food and health, etc. The SAP for chemical industry enables finance,
distribution, marketing and unifying the documentation of chemical industry activities in accordance
with the rule. SAP chemical industry deals with control of production, quality, shelf life and trace
ability of materials and batches. Transparent and trusted relationships with customers for health,
beauty, food, services and household products. and improve sales.
Manufacturing companies:
o grow unfettered in today’s competitive landscape, the need for newer, faster, and more efficient
IT systems is undeniable. However, our client’s entrenched legacy systems were hindering their
ambition to expand in US markets. After many years of manufacturing products in Asia, the company
had decided to build a manufacturing facility for domestic production. But, the plan hit a roadblock
as their legacy systems had become increasingly inefficient, time-consuming, costly to maintain, and
failed to support expansion at scale. They required new IT systems to enable modernized shop floors
for optimum production and growth.
Our client’s existing scale of operations was highly discrete. With no real-time analytics, tracking, or
monitoring, managing manufacturing processes efficiently was challenging. The lack of supply chain
visibility hindered informed decision-making and negatively impacted productivity and resilience,
putting crucial business investments at risk.

Telecom companies:
The worldwide telecom industry is in a strong growth mode. In fact, telecommunications has been
one of the most dynamic industries in terms of rapid technology advancement combined with
deregulations. The industry’s overall revenue is estimated to be over $1.3 trillion (2007). A few well-
known names in the telecom sector are Sprint, Cable & Wireless, Telstra, AT&T, China Telecom and
Reliance Communications. These companies and several other similar industries are conventionally
known as ‘Communication Service Providers’ (CSPs). They cater to a wide variety of cross sectional
industry sectors – be it IT, Bio-technology, Health Care, Manufacturing and even a residential
consumer.
SAP leverages its solutions for CRM, asset life cycle management, supply chain management and
financials to address the business needs. Built-in adapters connect all SAP modules to enable users
to extract the data needed to accomplish their respective processes. If necessary, SAP also offers
open-ended integration tools with other systems to connect and complete the processes.
A customer life cycle process in a telecom industry can be broadly classified as – Pre-Sales, Sales,
Order Administration & Provisioning, and Customer Support.
40.Give a brief understanding you have as an SAP fresher about question 39?
41.Explain about planning in ERP?
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is defined as the ability to deliver an integrated suite of business
applications. ERP tools share a common process and data model, covering broad and deep
operational end-to-end processes, such as those found in finance, HR, distribution, manufacturing,
service and the supply chain.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Definition: Enterprise Resource Planning, or otherwise known as ERP is an integrated software
application, which firms use to manage and control their internal and external resources comprising
financial resources, material, assets and human resources.
put simply, ERP system unites various functions of management into a rationally integrated system
to streamline processes and enable the movement of information among all business function. It can
be understood as a description of systems wherein innovative information technology is used to
manage all functional areas in an organization.

42.What is information system in ECC?

SAP Logistics Information System (LIS) is a set of flexible tools for collecting, aggregating and
calculating data from the operative applications. In addition to this, the data can be used as the basis
for planning. Hence, information systems can be used for controlling, monitoring and planning
purposes. SAP Logistics Information System is part of the overall information system in the
organization and corresponds to the logistics part of the SAP system.
Different information systems which make up Logistics Information System (LIS) can be seen on the
picture below:

43.Can we use client 800 in real time, explain the Reason?

800 client is open client others are configured based on client bpp, but so we can configure the
same process in 800.
The client 800 is a training client called as IDES (International Demonstration and Education System)
and it will contain data in the system to facilitate training and practice on this system. You
can configure the clients' business process in this also. But, universally 800 is meant for IDES only.

44.What is RICEF?
RICEF is not a standard SAP acronym! ... All right, RICEF stands for Reports, Interfaces, Conversions,
Enhancements, Forms.
RICEF stands for Reports, Interfaces, Conversions, Enhancements, Forms.
R - Reports
R refers report programming. Of course, firstly classical report programming, WRITE statement; then
it means ALV programming with either ALV function modules or ABAP objects.
I - Interfaces
Interfaces are ALE / IDOC developments. Not only development, ABAP programming for IDOCs, also
IDOC customization, management. I think it might refers EDI too.
C - Conversion
I think conversions means BDC programming, batch input function modules, BDCDATA structure,
CALL TRANSACTION. Maybe conversion specifically refers conversion programs for standard batch
input programs. Even we can say it refers LSMW.
E - Enhancements
Enhancements are user-exits and the object oriented model of user-exits that is BADIs.
F - Forms
Forms are SAP script forms, SAP script print programs, and Smart Forms.
45.If SD fails, what happens in the End-result of business planning?
With this information as a backdrop, we’ve put together a list of 10 common reasons businesses
close their doors:
Failure to understand your market and customers. We often ask our clients, “Where will you play and
how will you win?”. In short, it’s vital to understand your competitive marketspace and your
customers’ buying habits. Answering questions about who your customers are and how much
they’re willing to spend is a huge step in putting your best foot forward.
Opening a business in an industry that isn’t profitable. Sometimes, even the best ideas can’t be
turned into a high- profit business. It’s important to choose an industry where you can achieve
sustained growth. We all learned the dot-com lesson – to survive, you must have positive cash flow.
It takes more than a good idea and passion to stay in business.
Failure to understand and communicate what you are selling. You must clearly define your value
proposition. What is the value I am providing to my customer? Once you understand it, ask yourself
if you are communicating it effectively. Does your market connect with what you are saying?
Inadequate financing. Businesses need cash flow to float them through the sales cycles and the
natural ebb and flow of business. Running the bank accounts dry is responsible for a good portion of
business failure. Cash is king, and many quickly find that borrowing money from lenders can be
difficult.
Reactive attitudes. Failure to anticipate or react to competition, technology, or marketplace changes
can lead a business into the danger zone. Staying innovative and aware will keep your business
competitive.
Overdependence on a single customer. If your biggest customer walked out the door and never
returned, would your organization be ok? If that answer is no, you might consider diversifying your
customer base a strategic objective in your strategic plan.
No customer strategy. Be aware of how customers influence your business. Are you in touch with
them? Do you know what they like or dislike about you? Understanding your customer forwards and
backwards can play a big role in the development of your strategy.
Not knowing when to say “No.” To serve your customers well, you have to focus on quality, delivery,
follow-through, and follow-up. Going after all the business you can get drains your cash and actually
reduces overall profitability. Sometimes it’s okay to say no to projects or business so you can focus
on quality, not quantity.
Poor management. Management of a business encompasses a number of activities: planning,
organizing, controlling, directing and communicating. The cardinal rule of small business
management is to know exactly where you stand at all times. A common problem faced by
successful companies is growing beyond management resources or skills.
No planning. As the saying goes, failing to plan is planning to fail. If you don’t know where you are
going, you will never get there. Having a comprehensive and actionable strategy allows you to
create engagement, alignment, and ownership within your organization. It’s a clear roadmap that shows
where you’ve been, where you are, and where you’re going next.
Running an organization is no easy task. Being aware of common downfalls in business can help you
proactively avoid them. It’s a constant challenge. We know, but it’s also a continuous opportunity to
avoid becoming one of the statistics.
46.What is role of SD Consultant and ABAP consultant?
ROLE OF SAP CONSULTANT:
The role of an SAP consultant is divided into 2 parts: ... Functional consultants are responsible for
driving business meetings, preparing business case documents and communicating client
requirements to the technical consultants. They also configure the SAP system to run as per the
client's requirements.
A functional consultant evaluates the demands in talking with the customer's representatives,
transforms the essence into an abstract and algorithmic business model. Hence, he identifies the use
cases and transforms them into logical and technical views.
ROLE OF ABAP CONSULTANT:
SAP ABAP Consultants are responsible for developing SAP business applications using SAP Standard
programming language ABAP, the main roles and responsibilities of SAP ABAP Consultant are... SAP
ABAP Consultants play crucial role in the implementation of SAP software for an organisation.
47.Define about client:800?
The client 800 is a training client called as IDES (International Demonstration and Education System)
and it will contain data in the system to facilitate training and practice on this system. You
can configure the clients' business process in this also.
48.What is the role of Testing team in ERP? There are two types of testing teams available
in ERP companies: “Core testing team” to test the 'base ERP software' with the static functionalities.
“Implementation testing team” to test the 'implementation project' with dynamic and customized
functionalities
49.What is the role of on-site team and off-shore team?
The following table provides the roles and responsibilities of onsite and offshore project team
members:
Customer Onsite Onsite Offshore Offshore Offshore
Functional Technical QA Technical Developer
consultant consultant Lead
Development X X X
Initiation
Write X X
Functional
specification
Review X X
Functional
Specification
Sign-off X
Functional
Specification
Write X
Technical
specification
Review X
Technical
specification
Sign-off X X
technical
specification
Write Test X X
specification
Review Test X X
specification
Offshore X
activity
estimation and
planning
Offshore X X X X
activity
estimation
approval
Development X
of the SAP
objects
Technical X
documentation
QA Testing X
QA review X
Delivery X X X
Customer X X
acceptance or
functional
testing
Problem report X X X
handling
Change X X X
request
handling
Ongoing X X X X
Support
50.Explain difference between R/2, R/3, ECC and HANA Versions of SAP?
SAP R/2 was a mainframe-based business application software suite that was very successful in the
1980s and early 1990s. It was particularly popular with large multinational European companies that
required soft-real-time business applications, with built-in multi-currency and multi-language
capabilities.
R/3
With the advent of distributed client–server computing, SAP SE brought out a client–server version of
the software called SAP R/3 (the "R" was for "Real-time data processing" and "3" was for "3-tier": 1)
database, 2) application server, and 3) client (SAPgui)). This new architecture is compatible with
multiple platforms and operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows or UNIX. This opened up SAP
to a whole new customer base.
SAP R/3 was officially launched on 6 July 1992. Various releases of the software were made through
the 1990s.
A newer version of the software, with revised technical architecture, was released in 2004, and
renamed as SAP ERP Central Component (ECC). SAP came to dominate the large business
applications market.[2] The newest version of the product is SAP ECC 6.0 Enhancement Pack 8.
SAP ECC is the core component within the SAP's Business Suite (a collection of applications including
CRM, SCM and others, alongside the ECC component). SAP ECC contains different, but integrated,
functionality within its "modules" e.g. Finance module, HR module, Warehouse Management etc. all
within the ECC). The combined complexity of the Business Suite, along with newer in-cloud
competitors, has in recent years led SAP to invest heavily in simplification and massively improved
system response times, culminating in the announcement of the S/4 Simple Suite in February 2015.
S/4 has a single tenant architecture and is being built upon SAP's in-memory database technology
stack (HANA) and will be available in a choice of in-cloud and on-premises deployment. The classic
three-tier and database-agnostic architecture of R/3 is replaced with a two-tier architecture.
million high-quality mattresses, pillows, and mattress toppers, the company demonstrates an unflagging
commitment to delivering comfort and improving the well-being of its customers holistically.
.