CE Projects 2 2019

CHAPTER 6
OTHER CIVIL ENGINEERING
DESIGN CONTEXT

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I. Design of Septic Tank

Design Procedures
1. Flow Chart

Start

Determine the quantity of sewage flow per person per

day
Source: Plumbing By: Max Fajardo Table 4.2
Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

Determine the volume of the septic tank

V= Multiply the determined quantity of sewage flow to number of person

Assume width as 1.5

Solve for the length of the digestion chamber

𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝐿=
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑥 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ

Solve for the total length of septic tank

𝐿
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝐿 +
2

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2. Sample Design (Excel)

DIMENSION OF SEPTIC TANK
SAMPLE DESIGN
Revised National
Dimension of septic tank Plumbing Code of the
1.Referring to table from revised plumbing code Philippines Table B-3
Item Description Qty Units
*-Flow per day in TYPE OF ESTABLISHMENT 4.9938 gallons
5
*-Number of Persons in TYPE OF ESTABLISHMENT 1550 persons
Total flow per day in gallons: 7740.39 gallons

2./ The liquid volume of tank in gallons:

Plumbing Design and Estimate By Max Fajardo
V = 1.125+0.75*Q =
Where: V: the liquid volume of the tank in gallons
Q: the daily sewage flow in gallons
1.125 and 0.75 is constant value

3. Substitute
V = 1.125+0.75*Q = 5806.4175 gallons

4. There are 264 gallons in one cubic meter volume

𝐿 𝑜𝑙 𝑒 𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑛 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛 21.99400568 Cu.m

𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛

5. To find the dimension of the septic tank if the maximum depth is 1.50m.
and the width is assumed to be 1m of the tank per 500 persons then:
Width Plumbing Design and
3 m
Max. Depth Estimate By Max 1.50 m
Length of degestion: chamber Fajardo
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜 𝑙𝑒𝑎 ℎ 𝑛𝑔 ℎ𝑎 𝑒 4.900 m
𝐿 Plumbing Design
= and Estimate By
Max Fajardo
Length of leaching chamber 2.500 m
𝑜𝑙 𝑒
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜 𝑔𝑒 𝑡 𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑎 𝑒
𝑡ℎ 𝑒 𝑡ℎ

Plumbing Design and Estimate By Max Fajardo

Total Length of Septic Tank :
𝐿
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = + 𝐿 7.40 m
`

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REVISED NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
TABLE B-3
ITEM Type of Occupancy Liters per day Gallons per day
56.8 per employee 15.1 per employee
1 Airports
18.9 per passenger 5 per passenger
2 Auto washer Check with equipment manufacturer Check with equipment manufacturer
3 Bowlinf alleys (snack bar only) 238.9 per lane 63.11738 per lane
Camps
Campgrounded with central comfortstation 132.5 per person 35.0065 per person
4 With flush toilets, no showers 94.6 per person 24.99332 per person
Day camps ( no meals served) 56.8 per employee 15.00656 per employee
Summer and seasonal 189.3 per person 50.01306 per person
Churches
5 Churches with sanctuary 18.9 per seat 4.99338 per seat
with kitchen waste 26.5 per seat 7.0013 per seat
6 Dance halss 18.9 per person 4.99338 per person
Factories
94.6 per employee 24.99332 per employee
7
With showers 132.5 per employee 35.0065 per employee
Cafeteria, add 18.9 per employee 4.99338 per employee
Hospitals 946.3 per bed 250.01246 per bed
8 Kitchen waste only 94.6 per bed 24.99332 per bed
Laundry waste only 151.4 per bed 39.99988 per bed
9 Hotels( no kitchen waste ) 227.1 per bed (2 person) 59.99982 per bed (2 person)
Institutions (Residents 283.9 per person 75.00638 per person
10 Nursing home 473.1 per person 124.99302 per person
Rest home 473.1 per person 124.99302 per person
Laundries, self service
11 (minimum 10 hours per day 189.3 per wash cycle 50.01306 per wash cycle
Commercial Per manufacturer's specification Per manufacturer's specification
Motel 189.3 per bed space 50.01306 per bed space
12
With kitchen 227.1 per bed space 59.99982 per bed space
13 Offices 75.7 per employee 19.99994 per employee
Parks, mobile homes 946.3 per space 250.01246 per space
Picnic parks ( toilets only ) 75.7 per parking space 19.99994 per parking space
14 recreational vehicles
without hook-up 283.9 per space 75.00638 per space
with water and sewer hook up 378.5 per space 99.9997 per space
Restaurants- cafeterias 75.7 per employee 19.99994 per employee
Toilet 26.5 per customer 7.0013 per customer
Kitchen Waste 22.7 per meal 5.99734 per meal
15 Add for garbage disposal 3.8 per meal 1.00396 per meal
Add for cocktail lounge 7.6 per customer 2.00792 per customer
Kitchen waste
Disposable service 7.6 per meal 2.00792 per meal
School- Staff and office 75.7 per person 19.99994 per person
Elementary students 56.8 per person 15.00656 per person
Intermediate and high 75.7 per student 19.99994 per student
16
with gym and shower, add 18.9 per student 4.99338 per student
with cafeteria, add 11.4 per student 3.01188 per student
Boarding, total waste 378.5 per person 99.9997 per person
Service station, toilets 3785 for 1st bay 999.997 for 1st bay
17
1892.5 for each additional bay 499.9985 for each additional bay
Stores 75.7 per employee 19.99994 per employee
18
Public restrooms, add 4 per sq. m 1.0568 per sq. m
19 Swimming pools, public 37.9 per person 10.01318 per person
Theaters, auditorium 18.9 per seat 4.99338 per seat
20
Drive-in 37.9 per space 10.01318 per space

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3. Structural Details( Drawing

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4. Table of Summary

DESIGN OF SEPTIC TANK

Total Gallons per
Liters per Total Capacity
No. of Occupants( In Type of Establishment Capacity person per
day (Gallons)
(Liters) day
1550 Churches with sanctuary 18.9 29295 4.99338 7739.739
Total Capacity 29295 7739.739
Volume (gallons) 21972.375 5805.92925
Volume (cubic meter) 21.97238 m3 21.99215625 m3

SEPTIC TANK DIMENSIONS UNITS

Volume (m3) 21.99215625 m3
Max Depth (m) 1.5 m
Width (m) 3 m
Length of Digestion Chamber(m) 4.9 m
Length of Leaching chamber 2.5 m
Total Length 7.4 m

SEPTIC TANK DIMENSIONS

7.4 m x 3m x 1.5m

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II. Stairs

Design Procedures

1. Design Flow Chart

START
A

GIVEN: Run, rise, tread

dimensions, landing width,
loads Compute main reinforcement:
=

n=
Compute factored load on the span
= 1.2(step + slab ) + 1.6(live)

Compute spacing:
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑣𝑒
Compute reaction on supports: s=
𝑎 𝐿 𝑎 + 2
2
=
𝐿

Compute temperature bars

=

Compute maximum moment: n=

𝑚 𝑥 =
2

Compute R: Compute spacing:

𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑣𝑒
R= s=
𝑑

Compute ρ:
END
2
ρ= [1- ]

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START
A

GIVEN: Run, rise, tread

dimensions, landing width,
loads Compute number of reinforcement:

n=

Compute factored load on the span

= 1.2(step + slab ) + 1.6(live)

Compute spacing:
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑣𝑒
s=
Compute reaction on supports:
𝑎 𝐿 𝑎 + 2
2
=
𝐿
Compute temperature bars
=

n=
Compute maximum moment:

𝑚 𝑥 =
2

Compute spacing:
Compute j: 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑣𝑒
2 s=
j= = ; k= n= =

END
Compute As:

As =
𝑑

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2. Sample Design
STAIR 1 (1ST-2ND FLOOR)

DATA

INPUT
Horizontal Main
3 m mm fs = 166 Mpa
Run = Bar Φ = 12
Total Temp.
2.3 m mm fc = 12.42 Mpa
Rise = Bar Φ = 10
Landing Slope
1 m Live Load = 4.8 kPa 3.78 m
Width = Length =
Riser Total Run
0.18 m f'c = 27.6 Mpa 4.78 m
Height = Length =

Tread Slab
0.25 m fy = 415 Mpa 0.24 m
Depth = Thickness =
Concrete (12-mm
40 mm Es = 200,000 Mpa Ab (main) = 113 mm^2
Cover = bars)
Concrete Landing (10-mm
23.6 kn/m^3 2.6 m Ab (temp) = 78 mm^2
Unit Wt. = Length = bars)
Stair Tread
1 m steps
Width = Count = 13

LOAD CALCULATION

Step Weight = 2.124 kN/m (Width*Riser*0.5*Conc. Wt.)

Landing Slab
(t*width*Conc. Wt.)
Weight = 5.66 kN/m
Slope
(t*width*Conc. Wt.*slope)
Slab Weight = 7.14 kN/m
Total
(Live*width)
Live Load = 4.8 kN/m

WSD Load
(landing+live)
@ Landing = 10.46 kN/m
WSD Load
(step+slope+live)
@ Slope = 14.06 kN/m
USD Load
(1.2(landing)+1.6(live))
@ Landing = 14.48 kN/m
USD Load
(1.2(step+slope)+1.6(live))
@ Slope = 18.79 kN/m

FRAME ANALYSIS

Reaction at 2
33.23 kN 𝑎 𝐿 𝑎 + 2
Critical Support =
WSD 𝐿
Critical
39.27 kN-m 𝑚 𝑥 =
Moment 2

Reaction at 2
44.47 kN 𝑎 𝐿 𝑎 + 2
Critical Support =
USD 𝐿
Critical
68.29 kN-m 𝑚 𝑥 =
Moment 2

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DESIGN (USD)

Main
Reinforcment
M= 68.29 kN-m
𝑢 Strength Reduction Factor, Ø
R= (NSCP, 421.2.1)
𝑑
R= 1.897 Mpa

2
Steel Reinforcement Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0048 ρ= [1- ] (ACI 318-14)
Minimum steel reinforcement
ρmin = 0.003373 ρ= (NSCP, 409.6.1.2)

As = 954.49 mm^2 =

no. of 12-mm bars n=

9
bars @ 1.2 m = (STR)

bars
24
(LDG)
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑣𝑒
s=
s= 110 mm (STR)
100 mm (LDG)

Temperature
Bars per 1-m
Strip
Temperature Reinforcement
As = 400 mm^2 =
(NSCP, 424.4.3.2)

no. of 10-mm n=
6 bars
temp bars =

s= 180 mm s=
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑣𝑒

USD DESIGN

(STR) Use 9 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 110 mm O. C.

(LDG) Use 24 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 100 mm O.C.

Use 10 mm TEMP. BARS @ 180 mm O.C.

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DESIGN (WSD)

Main
Reinforcement

fy 415 Mpa Permissible Steel Tensile Stress

fs 166 Mpa fs= 0.4*fy (NSCP, 429.4.2.2)
Es 200,000 Mpa
f'c 27.6 Mpa Permissible Concrete Stress
fc 12.42 Mpa f = 0.45f'c (NSCP, 429.4.1.1)

M= 39.27 kN-m Modular Ratio

2
n= 8.099862 n= = (NSCP, 429.6.4)

k=
k= 0.377345

j= 0.874218 j=

R= 2.048567 Mpa R= fc*k*j

2

dmin = 138.4511 mm
d =
d= 240 mm

OK, d > dmin

Ast = 1352.959 mm^2 As =

𝑑

𝑑
Asmin = 300 mm^2 Amin=

USE: 1352.959 mm^2

no. of 12-mm bars

12 n=
bars @ 1.2 m = (STR)
bars
32
(LDG)

𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑣𝑒
s= 80 mm (STR) s=
80 mm (LDG)

Temperature
Bars per 1-m
Strip
Temperature Reinforcement
As = 400 mm^2 =
(NSCP, 424.4.3.2)

no. of 10-mm n=
6 bars
temp bars =
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑣𝑒
s= 180 mm s=

WSD DESIGN

(STR) Use 12 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 80 mm O. C.

(LDG) Use 32 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 70 mm O.C.

Use 10 mm TEMP. BARS @ 180 mm O.C.

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STAIR 2 (2ND-ROOFDECK FLOOR)

DATA

INPUT
Horizontal Main
2.5 m fs = 166 Mpa
Run = Bar Φ = 12 mm
Total Temp.
2.3 m fc = 12.42 Mpa
Rise = Bar Φ = 10 mm
Landing Slope
1 m Live Load = 4.8 kPa 3.40 m
Width = Length =
Riser Total Run
0.18 m f'c = 27.6 Mpa 4.40 m
Height = Length =

Slab
Tread
0.25 m fy = 415 Mpa Thicknes 0.22 m
Depth =
s=
Concrete (12-mm
40 mm Es = 200,000 Mpa Ab (main) = 113 mm^2
Cover = bars)
Concrete Landing (10-mm
23.6 kn/m^3 2.6 m Ab (temp) = 78 mm^2
Unit Wt. = Length = bars)
Stair
1 m
Width =

LOAD CALCULATION

Step Weight = 2.124 kN/m (Width*Riser*0.5*Conc. Wt.)

Landing Slab
(t*width*Conc. Wt.)
Weight = 5.19 kN/m
Slope
(t*width*Conc. Wt.*slope)
Slab Weight = 7.06 kN/m
Total
(Live*width)
Live Load = 4.8 kN/m

WSD Load
(landing+live)
@ Landing = 9.99 kN/m
WSD Load
(step+slope+live)
@ Slope = 13.98 kN/m
USD Load
(1.2(landing)+1.6(live))
@ Landing = 13.91 kN/m
USD Load
(1.2(step+slope)+1.6(live))
@ Slope = 18.69 kN/m

FRAME ANALYSIS

Reaction at 2
30.28 kN 𝑎 𝐿 𝑎 + 2
Critical Support =
WSD 𝐿
Critical
32.79 kN-m 𝑚 𝑥 =
Moment 2

Reaction at 2
40.56 kN 𝑎 𝐿 𝑎 + 2
Critical Support =
USD 𝐿
Critical
59.12 kN-m 𝑚 𝑥 =
Moment 2

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DESIGN (USD)

Main
Reinforcment

𝑢
R=
𝑑
R= 2.028 Mpa

2
ρ= 0.0051 ρ= [1- ]

As = 921.12 mm^2 =

no. of 12-mm bars n=

9
bars @ 1.2 m = (STR)

bars
24
(LDG)
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑣𝑒
s= 110 mm (STR) s=
100 mm (LDG)

Temperature
Bars per 1-m
Strip

As = 360 mm^2 =

no. of 10-mm n=
5 bars
temp bars =
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑣𝑒
s= 230 mm s=

USD DESIGN

(STR) Use 9 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 110 mm O. C.

(LDG) Use 24 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 100 mm O.C.

Use 10 mm TEMP. BARS @ 230 mm O.C.

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DESIGN (WSD)

Main
Reinforcement

fy 415 Mpa Permissible Steel Tensile Stress

fs 166 Mpa fs= 0.4*fy (NSCP, 429.4.2.2)
Es 200,000 Mpa
f'c 27.6 Mpa Permissible Concrete Stress
fc 12.42 Mpa f = 0.45f'c (NSCP, 429.4.1.1)

2
n= 8.099862 n= =

k=
k= 0.377345

j= 0.874218 j=

R= 2.048567 Mpa R= fc*k*j

2

dmin = 126.5249 mm
d =
d= 220 mm

OK, d > dmin

Ast = 1255.456 mm^2 As =

𝑑

𝑑
Asmin = 270 mm^2 Amin=

USE: 1255.456 mm^2

no. of 12-mm bars

12 n=
bars @ 1.2 m = (STR)
bars
32
(LDG)

𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑣𝑒
s= 80 mm (STR) s=
80 mm (LDG)

Temperature
Bars per 1-m
Strip

As = 360 mm^2 =

no. of 10-mm n=
5 bars
temp bars =
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑣𝑒
s= 230 mm s=

WSD DESIGN

(STR) Use 12 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 80 mm O. C.

(LDG) Use 32 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 70 mm O.C.

Use 10 mm TEMP. BARS @ 230 mm O.C.

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3. Structural Details (Drawing)

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4. Table of Summary
1ST – 2ND FLOOR
USD DESIGN

(STR) Use 9 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 110 mm O. C.

(LDG) Use 24 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 100 mm O.C.

Use 10 mm TEMP. BARS @ 180 mm O.C.

1ST – 2ND FLOOR

WSD DESIGN

(STR) Use 12 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 80 mm O. C.

(LDG) Use 32 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 70 mm O.C.

Use 10 mm TEMP. BARS @ 180 mm O.C.

2ND – ROOFDECK FLOOR

USD DESIGN

(STR) Use 9 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 110 mm O. C.

(LDG) Use 24 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 100 mm O.C.

Use 10 mm TEMP. BARS @ 230 mm O.C.

2ND – ROOFDECK FLOOR

WSD DESIGN

(STR) Use 12 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 80 mm O. C.

(LDG) Use 32 pcs 12-mm MAIN BARS @ 70 mm O.C.

Use 10 mm TEMP. BARS @ 230 mm O.C.

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