ENGLISH - Sound – euphony

- Density – is what sets the poetry a[art from the prose.

 Grammar - Line
 Pronoun – Antecedent rules  Eulogy and Elegy
1. Titles of single entities takes a singular referent 1. Eulogy – laudatory speech or written tribute praising someone.
2. Use a singular pronoun to refer to each, neither, either, one, everyone, 2. Elegy – a mournful poem or song written about someone who has recently died.
everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, or somebody.  Form and Meter
3. When no gender is specified use both a masculine and feminine pronoun. o Ballad
4. The following indefinite pronouns are plural: both, few, many, and several. - an old form of poetry which began in European folk tradition.
5. Use a singular pronoun to refer to two or more singular antecedents joined by - Their subject matter dealt with religious themes, love, tragedy,
nor/or. domestic crimes, and sometimes, even political propaganda.
6. When the antecedent of a pronoun is a collective noun, the number of the pronoun - Is often constructed in quatrain stanzas, each line containing as
depends upon whether the collective noun is used as a singular or plural. few as three or four stresses and rhyming in either the second
7. When a pronoun’s antecedent is an indefinite pronoun, the pronoun must agree in and fourth lines, or alternating lines.
number with it.
 Literary Devices
8. A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in both number and gender.
1. Allegory – a text that has a hidden meaning it can be a story or a poem, and
9. Special nouns take singular referent
the meaning behind is usually political or moral.
10. a number of – plural referent.
2. Apostrophe – when a character in literary work speaks to an object, an idea, or
 Personal pronouns someone who doesn’t exist as a living person.
- Are important devices for making our writing both concise and 3. Metonymy – is when you substitute an attribute or something closely related to
coherent. a thing.
1. Subjective or Nominative case – are used as subjects of a sentence and subordinate clauses. 4. Synecdoche – is a figure of speech in which a whole is represented by a part of
2. Objective case – used as objects of verbs or prepositions. it.
3. Possessive case – show who or what owns something.
5. Antithesis – is the term used to refer to an author’s use of two contrasting or
opposite terms in a sentence formed.
6. Litotes – understatement that uses a negation to express a positive.
 Literature
7. Paradox – statement that may seem contradictory but can be true.
 Elements of poetry 8. Oxymoron – two opposite ideas are joined to create effect.
- Imagery – is the only thing that’ll make your poetry powerful
- Rhythm FILIPINO
 Pagbasa d. Pokus sa ganapan – “saan?”
e. Pokus sa direksyon – “saan patungo?”
 Sina thor at loki sa lupain ng mga higante (Iceland) f. Pokus ng gamit – “para saan?”
-mga tauhan : g. Pokus ng sanhi – “bakit?”
1. Thor – diyos ng kulog at kidlat ; pinakamalakas na diyos ng aesir.  Mga salitang nagpapahayag ng damdamin
2. Loki – kasama ni Thor sa paglalakbay, may kapilyuhan.
3. Skrymir – naninirahan sa kakahuyan  Mabisang paggamit ng matatalinhagang salita
4. Utgaro-Loki – hari ng mga higante.
5. Logi, Hugi, at Elli – kabilang sa kuta ni Utgaro-Loki.
6. Thjalfi at Rolvska – anak na lalaki at babae ng magsasaka.
 Panunuring pampanitikan
 Ako po’y pitong taong gulang (Carribean)
o Dagli
– pinaikling maikling kwento.
– Humahanga lamang sa 100 – 500 salita.
– Nakatuon sa tauhan ang bawat sitwasyon ngunit walang umuunlad.
– Nangangaral. Namumuna, nagpapasaring at nanunuligsa.
o Eros Atalia
- Isang mahusay na manunulat
- Nagtapos ng kursong “BSED -FILIPINO”sa PNU
- “wag lang di makakaraos” kalipunan ng mga dagli.

 Ang aking pag-ibig (England)

3 uri ng taludturan :
- Tradisyunal – may sukat at tugma
- Blanko – Berso – may sukat ngunit walang tugma.
- Malayang taludturan – Walang sukat, walang tugma.
 Wika
 Pokus ng pandiwa
a. Pokus sa tagaganap – “sino?”
b. Pokus sa layon –“ano?”
c. Pokus sa tagatanggap – “para kanino?”