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ASSIGNMENT BIOLOGY CLASS - XII CBSE

TOPIC : ECOSYSTEM

SECTION - A
SINGLE CORRECT QUESTIONS [01 Mark Each]

1. Pond is an example of ........ ecosystem

7. A food chain starts with
(a) Artificial (b) Natural
(a) Nitrogen fixation organisms
(c) Forest (d) Grassland
(b) Phtosynthesising organisms
2. Which of the following is the most productive
(c) Respiration (d) Decomposers
ecosystem?
8. Nepenthes is a -
(a) Estuary (b) Open sea
(a) Primary producer (b) Consumer
(c) Desert (d) Mountain
(c) Both primary producer and consumer
3. The pyramid of energy in a forest ecosystem is
(d) None of the above
(a) Always upright (b) Always inverted
9. Biological equilibrium is found among the
(c) Both upright and inverted
(a) Producers and consumers
(d) None of the above
(b) Producers and decomposers
4. The importance of ecosystem is
(c) Producers, consumers and decomposers
(a) Flow of energy (b) Cycling of materials
(d) Producers and light
(c) Both of the above (d) None of the above
10. The number of individuals of a species in a
5. Which is the correct path of energy flow in an
particular ecosystem at a given time remains
eco system is -
constant due to
(a) Producers  Carnivores  Herbivores 
(a) Man (b) Parasites
Decomposers
(c) Predators (d) Available food
(2) Producers  Herbivores  Carnivores 
Decomposers 11. The two components of an ecosystem are
(3) Herbivores  Carnivores  Producers  (a) Biotic and abiotic (b) Plants and animals
Decomposers (c) Weeds and micro-organism
(4) Herbivores  Producers  Carnivores  (d) Plants and light
Decomposers 12. The pyramid of number in a grassland ecosystem
6. The number of primary producers within a is
specified area would be maximum in (a) Linear (b) Upright
(a) Grassland ecosystem (c) Irregular (d) Inverted
(b) Forest ecosystem
(c) Pond ecosystem
(d) Deserts

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13. The cycling of elements in an ecosystem is called 17. Decomposers are
(a) Chemical cycle (a) Autrophs (b) Hetrotrophs
(b) Biogeochemical cycle (c) Organotrophs (d) Autoheterotrophs
(c) Geological cycle 18. During food chain the maximum energy is stored
(d) Geochemical cycle in
14. Which of the following bacteria has potential for (a) Producers (b) Decomposers
nitrogen fixation? (c) Herbivores (d) Carnivores
(a) Nitrosomonas (b) Nitrobacter 19. In the phosphorus cycle, weathering makes
(c) Nitrosococcus (d) Rhizobium phosphate available first to
15. Ecosystem has (a) Decomposers (b) Consumers
(a) Plant and animal (b) Air and H2O (c) Producers (d) All the above
(c) Soil and light 20. In a food chain, the total amount of living
(d) Biotic and abiotic component material is depicted by
16. Sal and teak are found in (a) Pyramid of biomass
(a) Tropical rain forest (b) Pyramid of energy
(b) Tropical deciduous forest (c) Pyramid of number
(c) emperature board leaf forest (d) Trophic levels
(d) Temperature needle leaf forest

SECTION - B
Short Answer type Question: [02 Marks Each]
1. Decomposition is faster if deteritus is rich in nitrogen and water soluble substance like sugars.
When is the decomposition process slower?
2. If we count the number of insects on a tree and number of small birds depending on those insects
as also the number of larger birds eating the smaller, what kind of pyramid of number would we
get?
3. Differentiate between Sere and Seral communities.
4. Who are generally the pioneer species in a Xerarch succession and in a Hyararch succession?
5. Which metabolic process causes a reduction in the Gross Primary Productivity?
6. What percentage of photosyntheticallyactive radiation is captured by plants?
7. Name the pioners of primary succession in water.
8. Name any two man–made ecosystem?
9. Name the ecological pyramid that is inverted in tree ecosystem?
10. Name two climatic factors that regulate decomposition?
11. What is the shape of pyramid of biomass in sea? Why?
12. Give an example of an ecological pyramid which is always upright.
13. Differentiate between primary succession and secondary succession. Which one occurs faster?
14. Gaseous nutrient cycle and sedimentary nutrient cycles have their reservoir . Name them.
Why is a reservoir necessary?
15. Fill up the missing links depicted as A, B, C and D in the given model of primary

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16. In the model of phosphorus cycle given below, what does A, B, C and D refer to?

17. Differentiate between Hydrarch and a Xerarch succession.

18. What is the effect on decomposition rate if :–
a) Detritus is rich in lignin and chitin
b) Detritus is rich is nitrogen and sugars
19. What are the limitations of ecological pyramids?
20. Name any four ecosystem services. Who gave the price tags on nature’s life support services?
Which is the most important ecosystem service provider?
21. Study the table given below and fill the blanks from ‘A’ to ‘F’

SECTION - C
Long Answer type Question: [03 Marks Each]
1. With the help of a diagram, represent the energy flow through different trophic level.
2. What is pyramid of biomass? Represent the pyramid of biomass in (i) grassland ecosystem
(ii)aquatic ecosystem.

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3. Differentiate between food chain & food web?
4. Mention some of the ecological services provided by forests?
5. The productivity of ecosystem increases from polar regions towards tropics. Why?
6. List the factors on which pioneer species depend during secondary succession?
7. What ecological principles are derived from the study of food chains?
8. Differentiate between primary productivity & secondary productivity?
9. In the pyramid of biomass, drawn below, name the two crops:-
i) one which is supported & the one which supports
ii) In which ecosystem is such a pyramid found.

10. Why is productivity of coral reef maximum?

11. What is decomposition – Describe the different processes involved in decomposition?
12. What do you mean by “productivity of an ecosystem? What are the types of productivity also
mention the factors on which productivity of an ecosystem depends?
13. i) Name the compound whose cycle is depicted.
ii) In what way do vehicles add this compound to atmosphere?
iii) What adverse effect does its excess have on the environment?
iv) Cite an event which depicts this effect in modern times.
v) Suggest two ways of depleting this effect.
14. Differentiate between Production & decomposition?
15. Energy flow in an ecosystem is always unidirectional justify the statement.

SECTION - D
Very Long Answer Type Questions : [05 Mark Each]
1. Represent schematically & describe the phosphorus cycle in an ecosystem?
2. Represent schematically & describe carbon cycle in ecosystem?

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