1. The diagrams below show a human ovum (egg) and a human sperm.

m e m b ra n e

n u c le u s m e m b ra n e
n u c le u s ta il

head

h u m a n o v u m (e g g ) h u m a n s p e rm

n o t t o s c a le

(a) What are eggs and sperm?

Tick the correct box.

animals cells organs

1 mark

(b) Which part does a sperm use to swim towards an egg?

......................................................
1 mark

(c) Give the name of the male reproductive organ where sperm are made.

.......................................................
1 mark

greenwich bulk LEA 1

 (d) The diagram below shows a sperm joining with an egg.

n o t to s c a le

What is this process called?

Tick the correct box.

fertilisation growth

nutrition respiration
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

2. The diagram shows a section through the human female reproductive system.

o v id u c t ( f a llo p ia n tu b e )

o v a ry

lin in g o f u te r u s ( w o m b )

m u s c le in
w a ll o f u t e r u s c e rv ix

v a g in a

greenwich bulk LEA 2

 (a) (i) How often are eggs normally released in the female reproductive system?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) In which labelled part is an egg normally fertilised by a sperm?

..........................................
1 mark

(b) Fill the two gaps in the sentences below.

A fertilised egg divides into a tiny ball of cells called an embryo.

The embryo attaches to the lining of the uterus. Here the embryo

grows to become an unborn baby, called a ...................................... .

It takes about ...................................... months for a baby to develop

inside its mother.

2 marks

(c) The diagram below shows a baby growing in its mother’s uterus.

p la c e n t a m u s c le s in w a ll
o f u te ru s

a m n io tic f lu id

v a g in a

greenwich bulk LEA 3

 (i) What is the function of the amniotic fluid?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Through which part can harmful substances, such as nicotine, pass from
the mother’s blood to the baby’s blood?

.................................................
1 mark

(iii) Give one other harmful substance which may be passed from the mother’s
blood to the baby’s blood.

............................................
1 mark

(d) When the baby is born it is pushed out of the mother’s body.
What happens in the wall of the uterus to push the baby out?

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 8 marks

3. The diagram shows a section through the female reproductive system.

o v id u c t
( f a llo p ia n t u b e )

u te ru s
o v a ry

c e r v ix

v a g in a

greenwich bulk LEA 4

 (a) (i) What happens at fertilisation?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) In which labelled part of the female reproductive system does fertilisation
normally take place?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) In which labelled part of the female reproductive system does the foetus
develop?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) Some women have blocked oviducts.

How do blocked oviducts prevent fertilisation taking place?

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) When a baby is born it is pushed out of the mother's body.

Describe what happens in the wall of the uterus to push the baby out.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks

greenwich bulk LEA 5

4. (a) The graph below shows how the mass of a human foetus increases during the 40
weeks of pregnancy.

2
m ass of
fo e tu s
in k g
1

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
a g e o f f o e t u s in w e e k s

In which five-week period on the graph does the mass of the foetus increase
most rapidly?

.........................................................................................................................
1 mark

The foetus is surrounded by a liquid called amniotic fluid.

greenwich bulk LEA 6

 (b) Give one function of the amniotic fluid.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) The foetus needs oxygen but cannot breathe while it is in the uterus.
Describe how oxygen gets from the air to the cells of the foetus.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
3 marks
Maximum 5 marks

5. (a) This question is about the menstrual cycle. Choose words from the list to
complete the sentences.
4 marks

a daily the uterus the middle an ovary a weekly

the beginning a monthly the end the vagina

Menstruation is part of ......................................................... cycle.

The cycle begins when the lining of ...................................... breaks away.

An ovum (egg) is released from .......................................... at about

.............................................. of each cycle.

(b) During adolescence, boys’ bodies change. Describe two of the changes.

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 6 marks

greenwich bulk LEA 7