Networking Mar 2019 Aus

new
Router Modes
Router> enable
Note: This command allows you to enter into privileged exec mode/enable mode
where you can have more options for show and other commands. The next
prompt looks like this:
Router#
Router# configure terminal
Note :- This command allows you to enter into global configuration mode ,where
you can configure a range of commands. The prompt for this command looks likes
this :
Router (config)#
Router(config)#exit
Router #exit
Router >
Changing host name
To specify or modify the host name for the router, global configuration command
HOSTNAME is used. Hostname is case sensitive. The host name is used in prompts
and default configuration file names .The factory – assigned default host name is
router .
Router >enable
Router #configure terminal
Router(config)# hostname R1
R1(config)# exit
R1#
CONFIGURING DATE AND TIME
The system clock runs from the moment the system starts up and keeps track of
the current date and time based on Coordinated Universal Time (UTC),also known
as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
To manually set the system clock, use one of the formats of the clock set Exec
command.
R1# clock set ?
Hh:mm:ss Current Time
Note: Allows you to see the format of complete command .
R1 # clock set 12:15:25 ?
<1-31> day of the month
MONTH month of the year
R1# clock set 12:15:25 17 ?
Month month of the year
R1 # clock set 12:15:25 17 March ?
<1993-2035> year
R1# clock set 12:15:25 17 March 2010
Verification:
R1# show clock
12:16:56.UTC Wed Mar 17 2010
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Displaying Running Configuration
R1> enable
R1# show running-config
Building configuration. . .
Note:By entering command, it will be displayed the whole running configuration

of router.
PASSWORD FOR PRIVILEGED MODE
To set an local password to control access to various privilege levels, use the
enable password global configuration command. An enable password is defined
as follows:
 It must contain uppercase and lowercase alphanumeric characters from 1

to 25.
 Must not have a number as the first character.
 Can have leading spaces, but they are ignored. However, intermediate and
trailing spaces are recognized.
R1# configure terminal
R1(config)# enable password R222
R1#
SECRET (ENCRYPTED) PASSWORD FOR PRIVILEGED MODE

To enable secret password is the password in encrypted form and is used to
gain access to enable mode and to the global configuration mode on the
router. The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable
secret password. The enable password should be different from the enable
secret password.
R1(config)# enable secret R333
R1#
Verification
R1# exit
R1 con0 is now available
Pres s RETURN to get started
Welcome to R1
User Access Verification
Password: R123
R1>
R1> enable
Password: R333
R1#
Removing password from privileged EXEC MODE

R1> enable
R1(config)# no enable secret
R1(config)# exit
R1#
Removing secret password
R1> enable
R1(config)# no enable secret
R1(config)# exit
R1#
Enabling and interface

R1(config)# interface serial 0/0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# end
R1#
Administratively shutting down an interface
In some cases ,you want an interface to be down for administrative

reasons ,but you do not want to have to un-configure it or pull out the
cable to keep the interface from being up and up .To bring down an
interface for administrative reasons and as a side affect ,remove the
connected route from the routing table ,you can use the shutdown
interface sub command .An interface may be correctly configured and
physically connected ,yet be administratively down .In this state it will not
function.
R1# config terminal
R1(config)# inferface serial 0/0
R1(config-if)# shutdown
R1(config-if)# end
R1#
VERIFICATION
R1# show ip interface brief
SETTING CLOCK RATE ON ROUTER’S SERIAL INTERFACE
R1# config terminal
R1(config)# inferface serial 0/0
R1(config-if)# CLOCK RATE 64000

R1(config-if)# end
R1#
VERIFICATION
R1# show controllers serial 0/0
SAVING RUNNING-CONFIGURATION TO NVRAM
METHOD1
R1# copy running-config startup-config
METHOD2
R1# write memory
CONFIGURING ROUTER INTERFACES
Diagram:
Basic configuration of R1
Router> enable
Router# config terminal
R1(config-if)# ip address 185.100.1.1 255.255.0.0
R1(config-if)# clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)# no shut
R1(config-if)# exit
R1(config)# interface f0/0

R1(config-if)# exit
Basic configuration of R2
Router> enable
Router# config terminal
R2(config-if)# clock rate 64000
R2(config-if)# no shut
R2(config-if)# exit
R2(config)# interface f0/0
R1(config-if)# exit
VERIFICATION OF DCE/DTE AND CLOCK RATE
R1# show controller serial 1/0
R2# show controller serial 1/0
VERIFICATION OF INTERFACE STATE
R1# show interface serial 1/0
R2# show interface serial 1/0

STATIC ROUTE
DIAGRAM:
BASIC CONFIGURATION OF R1
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface s0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface f0/0
%Duplicate IP address on FastEthernet of PC2
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to

up
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#
Router>enable
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#
R2(config-if)#exit
%Duplicate IP address on FastEthernet of PC3
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to

up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface
FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#exit
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#
ADDIND STATIC ROUTE ON ROUTER1
R1(config)#ip route 2.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s0/0
R1(config)#exit
R1#
NOTE:After adding static route for network 2.0.0.0(s0/0),all traffic from

router R1 for network 2.0.0.0 will be forwarded oto its next hop
12.1.1.2(i.e.router R2)
ADDIND STATIC ROUTE ON ROUTER2
R2(config)#ip route 1.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 12.1.1.1
R2(config)#exit
R2#
NOTE:Above static router is used to inform router R2 to deliver all traffic

for network 1.0.0.0 to its next hop 12.1.1.1.
STATIC ROUTE (3 ROUTERS)
DIAGRAM:
Router>enable
R1(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config-if)#exit

up
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#exit

R1#write
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
R1#
Router>enable
R2(config-if)#
R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config-if)#exit

up
R2(config-if)#
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#exit
R2#write
Building configuration...
[OK]
R2#
Router>enable
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config-if)#exit

up
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#
R3(config)#exit
R3#write
ADDING STATIC ROUTE ON R1
R1(config)#ip route 3.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 30.1.1.1
R1(config)#ip route 2.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.1.1.2
R2(config)#ip route 1.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.1.1.1
R2(config)#ip route 3.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 20.1.1.1
R3(config)#ip route 1.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 30.1.1.2
R3(config)#ip route 2.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 20.1.1.2
R3(config)#
DYNAMIC ROUTING
USING RIP (ROUTING INFORMATION PROTOCOL)
DIAGRAM:
BASIC CONFIGURATION OF R1,R2.R3
Please apply complete configuration of routers R1,R2&R3 as defined in

previous exercise of routing.
CONFIGURING RIP ON R1
R1#conf t
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#exit
R1#
Note. Remember that , when configuring the network address,RIP v1 uses

classfull addresses and RIP v2 uses classless addresses
All ip addresses have a network and host portion
R2#conf t
R2(config)#exit
R2#
R3#conf t
R3(config)#exit
R3#
DE – ADVERTISING A NETWORK
R3(config-router)#no network 3.0.0.0

R3(config-router)#end
R3#
HOW TO REMOVE RIP?
R1(config)#no router rip
R1(config)#exit
R1#
R2(config)#exit
R2#
R3(config)#exit
R3#
CONFIGURING RIPv2
DIAGRAM:
BASIC CONFIGURATION OF R1,R2,R3&R4
Same as defined in previous exercises
CONFIGURING RIPv2 ON R1
R1#configure terminal
R1(config-router)#version 2
R1#
R2#
R3#
R4#
DISABLING AUTO-SUMMARY ON R1,R2,R3&R4
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
CONFIGURING IGRP
DIAGRAM:
BASIC CONFIGURATION OF R1&R2
Note:Same as defined in previous exercises
CONFIGURING IGRP ON R1
R1(config)#router igrp 5
R1#
CONFIGURING IGRP ON R2
R2(config)#router igrp 5
R2#
CONFIGURING EIGRP
DIAGRAM:
BASIC CONFIGURATION OF R1,R2&R3
Note:Same as defined in previous exercises.

CONFIGURING EIGRP ON R1
R1(config)#router eigrp 2
R1#
R2#
R3#
SWITCHES
CHANGING HOSTNAME
To specify or modify the hostname for the switch,global configuration

command HOSTNAME is used.Hostname is case sensitive.The hostname is
used in prompts and default configuration filenames.The factory assigned
default host name Switch.
Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Switch(config)#hostname SW-1
SW-1(config)#exit
SW-1#write
Note:Write is used to save the configuration.Complete command is WRITE
TERMINAL
DISPLAYING RUNNING-CONFIGURATION
SW-1>enable
SW-1#show running-config
LINE CONSOLE PASSWORD

SW-1>enable
SW-1#configure terminal
SW-1(config)#line console 0
SW-1(config-line)#password 1234
SW-1(config-line)#exit
SW-1(config)#exit
SW-1#
PASSWORD FOR PRIVILEGED MODE
SW-1(config)#enable password corvit123
SW-1(config)#exit
SW-1#
VERIFICATION
SW-1#exit
SW- con0 is now available
Press RETURN to get started
User Access Verification
Password:corvit
SW-1>enable
Password:corvit123
SW-1#
SECRET (ENCRYPTED) PASSWORD FOR PRIVILEGED MODE
SW-1(config)#enable secret pakistan
SW-1(config)#exit
SW-1#disable
SW-1>enable
Password:pakistan
SW-1#
REMOVING LINE CONSOLE PASSWORD
SW-1(config)#line console 0
SW-1(config-line)#no password
SW-1(config-line)#no login
SW-1(config-line)#end
SW-1#
REMOVING PASSWORD FOR PRIVILEGED EXEC MODE
SW-1>enable
SW-1(config)#no enable password
SW-1(config)#exit
SW-1#disable
SW-1>enable
SW-1#
REMOVING SECRET PASSWORD
SW-1>enable
SW-1(config)#no enable secret
SW-1(config)#exit
SW-1#disable
SW-1>enable
SW-1#
CHECKING SYSTEM FLASH
SW-1#show flash
CONFIGURING SPEED OF AN INTERFACE
SW-1(config)#interface f0/0
SW-1(config-if)#speed 100
SW-1(config-if)#exit
SW-1(config)#
CONFIGURING SPEED OF AN INTERFACE
SW-1(config-if)#speed 100
SW-1(config-if)exit
SW-1(config)#
COFIGURING MODE OF AN INTERFACE

SW-1(config-if)#duplex full
SW-1(config-if)#exit
SW-1(config)#
Note :in communication, point to point channels are either full duplex or
half duplex .In full duplex,both ends can transmit at the same time.In half
duplex,only one end can transmit at a time.Half duplex has advantages in
saving bandwidth for mobile networks.
VLANs( Virtual LANs)
Virtual LAN (VLAN) refers to a group of logically networked device on one
or more LANs that are configuring so that they can communicate as if they
were attached to the same wire, when infact they are located on a number
of different LAN segments. Because VLANs are based on logical instead of
physical connections, it is very flexible for user/host management
,bandwidth allocation and resource optimization.
There are following types of Virtual LANs:
1.Port based VLANs:Each physical port is configured with an access list
specifying membership in a set of VLANs.
2.MAC based VLANs:A switch is configured with an access list mapping
individual MAC addresses to VLAN membership.
3.Protocol based VLANs:A switch is configured with a list of mapping layer
3 protocol types to VLANs membership-thereby filtering IP traffic from
nearby end-stations using a particular protocol such as IPx.
4.ATM VLAN:Using LAN Emulation (LANE) Protocol to map Ethernet
packets into ATM cells and deliver them to their destination by converting
an Ethernet MAC address into an ATM address.
DEFAULT VLANs OF A SWITCH
SW-1#show vlan
CREATING VLANs
SW-1(config)#vlan 3
vtp VLAN configuration not allowed when device is in CLIENT mode.
SW-1(config)#vtp mode server
SW-1(config)#vlan 3
SW-1(config-vlan)#name MARKETING
SW-1(config-vlan)#end
SW-1#
VERIFICATION OF VLANS
SW-1#show vlan brief
DELETING VLANs
SW-1#config terminal
SW-1(config)#no vlans 64
SW-1(config)#no VLANs 21-22

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new

Router# configure terminal

Changing host name

Router #configure terminal

CONFIGURING DATE AND TIME

R1# clock set ?

Hh:mm:ss Current Time

Note: Allows you to see the format of complete command .

R1 # clock set 12:15:25 ?

<1-31> day of the month

MONTH month of the year

R1# clock set 12:15:25 17 ?

Month month of the year

R1 # clock set 12:15:25 17 March ?

R1# clock set 12:15:25 17 March 2010

R1# show clock

12:16:56.UTC Wed Mar 17 2010

R1# show running-config

Note:By entering command, it will be displayed the whole running configuration

PASSWORD FOR PRIVILEGED MODE

 It must contain uppercase and lowercase alphanumeric characters from 1

SECRET (ENCRYPTED) PASSWORD FOR PRIVILEGED MODE

Removing password from privileged EXEC MODE

Removing secret password

R1# configure terminal

R1(config)# no enable secret

Enabling and interface

R1# configure terminal

Administratively shutting down an interface

In some cases ,you want an interface to be down for administrative

R1# config terminal

R1(config)# inferface serial 0/0

R1# show ip interface brief

SETTING CLOCK RATE ON ROUTER’S SERIAL INTERFACE

R1# config terminal

R1(config)# inferface serial 0/0

R1(config-if)# CLOCK RATE 64000

R1# show controllers serial 0/0

SAVING RUNNING-CONFIGURATION TO NVRAM

R1# copy running-config startup-config

R1# write memory

CONFIGURING ROUTER INTERFACES

Router# config terminal

R1(config)# interface serial 1/0

R1(config-if)# ip address 185.100.1.1 255.255.0.0

R1(config-if)# clock rate 64000

R1(config)# interface f0/0

R1(config-if)# ip address 100.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

Router# config terminal

R2(config)# interface serial 1/0

R2(config-if)# ip address 185.100.1.2 255.255.0.0

R2(config-if)# clock rate 64000

R2(config)# interface f0/0

R2(config-if)# ip address 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

VERIFICATION OF DCE/DTE AND CLOCK RATE

R1# show controller serial 1/0

R2# show controller serial 1/0

VERIFICATION OF INTERFACE STATE

R1# show interface serial 1/0

R2# show interface serial 1/0

R1# show ip interface brief

R2# show ip interface brief

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.