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The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the back just below the rib cage. Each
kidney is about the size of a fist. The two kidneys filter blood, catch needed substances and
return them to the circulation, and dispose of wastes in the urine. If the kidneys don’t filter
properly, wastes build up in the blood.
A person with acute glomerulonephritis has inflammation of the blood vessels in the
kidney, which causes the kidneys to malfunction. The most common cause of acute
glomerulonephritis is throat infection with the bacteria, Streptococcus.
CAUSES
1. Hematuria
2. Hypertension
Hypertension is thought to be the result of excessive salt and water retention.
When hypertension is caused by another condition or disease process, it is called
secondary hypertension.
4. Periorbital edema
a. The onset of puffiness of the face or eyelids is sudden. It is usually prominent
upon awakening and, if the patient is active, tends to subside at the end of the
day.
b. In some cases, generalized edema and other features of circulatory
congestion, such as dyspnea, may be present.
c. Edema is a result of a defect in renal excretion of salt and water.
d. The severity of edema is often disproportionate to the degree of renal
impairment.
5. Oliguria
o Reduced volume or strength of urine output.
o This is present in 10-50% of cases, and, in 15%, urine output is less than 200
mL.
o Oliguria is indicative of the severe crescentic form of the disease.
o It is often transient, with diuresis occurring within 1-2 weeks.
PREDISPOSING FACTORS
A. Autoimmunity:
When the body's immune system functions properly, it creates protein-like substances called
antibodies and immunoglobulins to protect the body against invading organisms. In an
autoimmune disease, the immune system creates autoantibodies, which are antibodies or
immunoglobulins that attack the body itself. Autoimmune diseases may be systemic and
affect many parts of the body, or they may affect only specific organs or regions.
B. Heredity:
Sometimes this disease runs in families –
This kind often shows up in young men who may also have hearing loss and vision loss.
C. Infective :
Glomerular disease sometimes develops rapidly after an infection in other parts of the body.
D. Sclerotic diseases:
This means scarring of the glomeruli by various sysytemic and local causes. Example :
Diabetes, Lupus disease etc.
E. Idiopathic:
Meaning, arising spontaneously or from an obscure or unknown cause.