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Area of a Rectangle – the area of a given figure is associated with the number of squares on its surface. To find the area of
the rectangle FAIR, count the number of square in the figure. There are 24 squares in the figure. Therefore, you can say that
the area is 24 square units. F A
The area of a rectangle can be solved by
multiplying its length (l) by its with (w), that
is--- A= l x w
R I
Example1: If you measure the length and width in centimeters, then the length =6 cm and the width =4cm.
Thus, A= l x w
= 6cm x 4 cm
= 24 cm2
Example 2: This figure is composed of two rectangles. The area of the shaded rectangle is -----
A square is a rectangle. It has four sides which are equilateral and equiangular. Since it is a rectangle, you can use the formula
for the area of a rectangle, A= lw. But since the four sides are equal, then formula for the area is A=s2.
Example 3: The sides of a square is 5.8 cm. What is the area?
Solution: A= s2
= (5.8 cm)2 5.8 cm
2
= 33.64 cm
Area of a Parallelogram – the base of parallelogram is equal to the length of a rectangle, while the altitude of a parallelogram
is equal to the width of a rectangle.
if the area of a rectangle is
altitude A=lw, then the area of a
parallelogram is A=bh
base
Example 4: Determine the area of the figure below.
A=bh
6m = 8m (6m)
= 48m2
8m
Example 5: If the area of a parallelogram is 72cm2, what is the altitude if the base is 9cm?
72cm2
h= qcm
= 8cm
Area of a Triangle –The area of a triangular region may be determined by putting together two congruent triangles to form
a parallelogram.
b b
h
h
h
h
b b
If the area of a parallelogram A=bh, then the area of the triangle is one-half the area of
bh
parallelogram, that is A = .
2
Example 6: Give the figure on the right, find the area of the triangle.
bh
Solution: A = 2
6mm(5mm)
A = 2
30𝑚𝑚2
= h= 5 mm
2
=15mm2
b= 6mm
Example 7: The area of the triangle is 182dm. If the altitude is 14dm, find the base of the triangle.
Solution: Given A= 182dm2, h= 14dm, find b.
bh 2A
Since A = 2
, then b = ℎ
2(18 ⅆ𝑚2 )
Therefore, b= 14ⅆ𝑚
2(18 ⅆ𝑚2 )
To get the base, b= 14ⅆ𝑚
= 26 dm
Area of a Circle – the circumference of a circle is C=2𝜋r, and the area of a parallelogram is A= bh.
Since the area of a parallelogram is –
A= bh, then you can say that
c c
A= 2r, because b= 2 and h=r.
2πr
But C=2𝜋r, therefore, A= 2
r.
Simplify the equation, you have area of a circle A= 𝜋r2.
12dm
11cm
2) Solution: A=
h= 6.4 cm
3) Solution: A=
r=0.26m
4) Solution: A=
h= 4mm
b= 9mm
5) s= 16cm Solution: A=
1. A parallelogram has an area of 235.25 cm2. Its altitude is 15.2 cm. Give its base.
3. A square picture frame measure 255 mm on its side. What is its area?
4. A triangle shape of a paper has altitude of 30.5 cm and base of 45 cm. Find its area.
5. The circumference of a circular dining table is 1.6𝜋 m. What is the area of the table?
Below are some operation symbol which are useful to simplify algebraic expressions.
Total + Product x or ∙ 𝒐𝒓 ()
Sum + Times x or ∙ 𝒐𝒓 ()
Increased by + Quotient ÷ 𝒐𝒓 ∙ 𝒐𝒓 ()
Difference - Divided by ÷ 𝒐𝒓 /
Less than -
Decreased by -
Letters like a,b,c or x,y,z that are used to represent certain value are called VARIABLES.
The following are the examples of ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS: -4, x, a+b, 3xy-y+5.
Examples
Symbols used to show the relation between two quantities are called RELATION SYMBOLS.
Equal = Is equal to
Less than < Is less than
Greater than > Is greater than
Unequal ≠ Is not equal to
Less than or equal to ≤ Is less than or equal to
Greater than or equal to ≥ Is greater than or equal to
Examples:
SKILL BOOSTER
To evaluate algebraic expressions means to substitute the variable in the expression with the given values. In the
algebraic expression 5a, a is the variable. The expression has a unique value for every value of a.
Example 1: Evaluate 5a if a= 6. Example 2: Find the value of (x-2y) +4 if x= 20
Solution: Replace a with 6. and y= 3.
5a= 5(6) Solution: Substitute 20 for x and 3 for y.
= 30 (x-2y) +4= [(20 − 2(3))] + 4
= [20-6]+4
= 14+4
= 18
𝑐−ⅆ
Example 3: If c=28 and d= 4, what is 6 ?
Solution: Substitute 28 for c and 4 for d.
𝑐−ⅆ 28−4 24
= = =4
6 6 6
Example 4: Complete the table.
n 1 2 3 4 5
2n-1 2(1)-1= 2(2)-1= 2(3)-1= 2(4)-1= 2(5)-1=
1 3 5 7 9
Guided Practice
2. m+3n 5. m+2n+3p
3. 10mnp
Activity 1: Supply the missing values in the table. Show your solution.
1.
x 0 1 2 3 4
𝟏
𝒙
𝟐
2.
x 0 1 2 3 4
𝒚+𝟏
𝒚
𝟐
3.
X 0 𝟏 1 𝟏 3
𝟏
𝟐 𝟐
(t+1)(2t+1)
4.
X 0 1 2 3 4
2
x -3x+1
5.
m 10 8 3 2 1
n 5 4 2 3 1
5(m+n)(m-n)
A. MONOMIALS
An algebraic expression may consist of one or more terms connected by either of the operation symbol (+) or (-).
A term in an algebraic expression may be:
1
֎ a number like 4, , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 -7
3
֎ a variable such as c,d, and e
1
֎ a product of a number and a variable like 4a,5b, and 4 𝑚.
֎ a product of two or more variables such as xy, mn, and prt.
a term is a combination of variables and numbers written as a product or quotient and not as a sum or
difference
a monomial is an algebraic expression with only one term.
Examples:
Any real number, except zero with zero as an exponent, is equal to 1, that is x0, where x≠ 0.
1) 9 _____________________ 6) 5 _______________________
2) x+y _____________________ 7) -7x _______________________
3) √3𝑥 2 _____________________ 8) x2 _______________________
𝑥
4) 𝑎2b _____________________ 9) 𝑦 _______________________
2
5) _____________________ 10)50mn _______________________
𝑥
Similar terms are terms which have the same literal coefficients and exponents.
Dissimilar terms are terms which do not have the same literal coefficients.
o Only similar terms may be added in monomial terms. Add the numerical coefficients using the rule in addition of
signed numbers and affix similar literal coefficients and exponents.
Example 1: Add 3x + 8x + 5x.
3x + 8x + 5x= (3+8+5)x
= 16x
Activity 3: Supply the correct expression that will make the sentence true.
- to subtract monomials, subtract their numerical coefficients as signed numbers and affix the literal
coefficients. Like addition of monomials, only similar terms can be subtracted.
Examples:
1. Subtract 8m and 10m Vertical Method 5. Subtract -7y from -15x.