MLS 111

HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY

WITH PATHOLOGY
FRANCES CLAIRE ORTIZ CELINO, RMT, MD, MPH
Introduction

 Name
 Home address
 Baguio address
 E-mal address
 Last school attended
 Expectations
Objectives

 Characteristics of the human body

 To understand the function of living organisms
and their parts
 Integrate the functions of all of parts of the body
to understand the function of the entire human
body in relation to the genesis of disease
DEFINITON OF TERMS

 ANATOMY
 Ana = up; -tomy = process of cutting
 Branch of science concerned with the bodily
structure of humans
 Especially revealed by dissection and separation
of parts
Physiology

 A branch of biology that deals with the functions

and activities of life or of living matter (such as
organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and
chemical phenomena involved
 Organic processes and phenomena of an
organism or any of its parts or of a particular
bodily process
 Study of the characteristics and mechanisms of
the body
Pathology

 The science of the causes and effects of diseases

BRANCHES:
Subspecialties of Anatomy
BRANCHES:
Subspecialties of Physiology
LEVELS OF STRUCTUTAL
ORGANIZATION
Organization of the Body
Organization of the Body
Organization of the Body
Organization of the Body
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LIVING
HUMAN ORGANISM
BASIC LIFE PROCESSES
Metabolism

 Sum of all the chemical processes that occur

in the body
 CATABOLISM
 ANABOLISM
Responsiveness

 The body’s ability to detect and respond to

changes
Movement

 Includes motion of the whole body, individual

organs, single cells, & even tiny structures
inside the cell
Growth

 Increase in the body size that results from an

increase in the size of existing cells, an
increase in the number of cells, or both
 Increase in size because of the amount of
material between cells increases
Differentiation

 Development of a cell from an unspecialized

to a specialized state
Reproduction

 Formation of new cells for tissue growth,

repair, or replacement, or the production of a
new individual
HOMEOSTASIS
Homeostasis

 Homeo = sameness
 -stasis = standing still
 Condition of equilibrium (balance) in the
body’s internal environment due to the
constant interaction of the body’s many
regulatory processes
Homeostatic Mechanisms
Homeostatic Mechanisms
Homeostasis in Body Fluids
Control of Homeostasis

 Nervous system
 Endocrine system
Feedback Systems

 Feedback loop
 Cycle of events in w/c the status of a body
condition is monitored, evaluated, changed,
remonitored
 Controlled condition
 Each monitored variable
 T, BP, Bld glucose level
 Stimulus
 Any disruption that changes a controlled
condition
Feedback System: Components

 Receptor
 Control center
 Effector
Receptor

 A body structure that monitors changes in

controlled condition & sends input to a
control center
 Input:
 Nerve impulse
 Chemical signals
Control center

 Brain sets the range of values w/in w/c a

controlled condition should be maintained,
evaluates the input it received from the
receptors & generates output commands
when they are needed
 Output
 Nerve impulses
 Hormones
 Chemical signals
Effector

 Body structure that receives output from the

control center & produces a response or
effect that changes the controlled condition
Negative feedback systems

 Reverses a change in a controlled condition

Positive Feedback Systems

 Strengthen or reinforce a change in one of

the body’s controlled conditions
Homeostatic Imbalances

 Disorder
 Any abnormality of structure or function
 Disease
 More specific for an illness characterized by a
recognizable set of signs and symptoms