DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Aaronson, P. & Ward, J. 2007. The Cardiovascular System at a Glance. 3rd ed.
Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing.

Adefurin, A., Ghimire, L. V., Kohli, U., dkk. 2013. Blacks have a greater sensitivity
to alpha1-adrenoceptor-mediated venoconstriction compared with whites.
Hypertension;61:915–920.

Angeli, F., Reboldi, G., Verdecchia, P. 2013. Hypertension around the world: New
insights from developing countries. J Hypertens;31: 1358–1361.

Arnett, D. K. & Claas, S. A. 2012. Preventing and controlling hypertension in the

era of genomic innovation and environmental transformation. JAMA;308:1745–
1746.

Asayama, K., Kikuya, M., Schutte, R., dkk. 2013. Home blood pressure variability
as cardiovascular risk factor in the population of Ohasama. Hypertension;61:61–
69.

Balitbangkes Kemenkes RI. 2013. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas). Jakarta:

Balitbangkes

Black, H. R. & Elliot, W. 2007. Hypertension: A Companion Braunwald's Heart

Disease. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.

Budijanto, D. 2013. Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan Republik

Indonesia (Pusdatin Kemkes RI) 2015: Populasi, Sampling dan Besar Sampel
[online]. Tersedia di: http://www.risbinkes.litbang.depkes.go.id/2015/wp-
content/uploads/2013/02/SAMPLING-DAN-BESAR-SAMPEL.pdf [diunduh: 1
Januari 2016].

Burt, V. L., Curtler, J. A., Higgins, M., dkk. 1995. Trends in the prevalence,
awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the adult population. Data from
the health examination surveys, 1960–91. Hypertension; 26: 60-9

Burt, V. L., Whelton, P., Roccella, E. J., dkk. 1995a. Prevalence of hypertension in
the US adult population. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey, 1988–1991. Hypertension;25:305–313.

Cano-Marquina, A., Tarin, J. J., Cano, A. 2013. The impact of coffee on health.
Maturitas;75:7–21.

Chen, L., Davey, S. G., Harbord RM, dkk. 2008. Alcohol intake and blood pressure:
A systematic review implementing a Mendelian randomization approach. PLoS
Med;5:e52.

42
Chenniappan, M. 2015. Blood pressure variability: assessment, prognostic
significance and management. Journal of The Association of Physicians of
India;63:47-53.

Chun, T. Y., Bankir, L., Eckert, G. J., dkk. 2008. Ethnic differences in renal
responses to furosemide. Hypertension;52:241–248.

Clark, C., Taylor, R., Shore, A., dkk. 2012 Association of a difference in systolic
blood pressure between arms with vascular disease and mortality: a systematic
review and metaanalysis. Lancet; 379:905–914.

Clark, L., Denby, L., Pregibon, D., dkk. 1987. A quantitative analysis of the effects
of activity and time of day on the diurnal variations of blood pressure. J Chronic
Dis;40:671–679.

Devicaesaria, A. 2014. Hipertensi krisis. Medicinus;27(3): 9-17.

Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bali. 2015. Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Bali Tahun 2014.
Denpasar: Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bali

Dolan, E., O’Brien, E. 2010. Blood pressure variability: clarity for clinical practice.
Hypertension;56:179-181.

Fedorowski, A., Stavenow, L., Hedblad, B., dkk. 2010. Orthostatic hypotension
predicts all-cause mortality and coronary events in middle-aged individuals (The
Malmo Preventive Project). Eur Heart J.; 31:85–91.

Fields, L. E., Burt V. L., Cutler, J. A, dkk. 2004. The burden of adult hypertension
in the United States 1999 to 2000: A rising tide. Hypertension;44:398-404.

Fitzgerald, P. J. 2013. Elevated norepinephrine may be a unifying etiological factor

in the abuse of a broad range of substances: Alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, heroin,
cocaine, and caffeine. Subst Abuse;7:171–183.

Franklin, S. S., Wilkinson, I. B., McEniery, C. M. 2012. Unusual hypertensive

phenotypes: What is their significance? Hypertension;59:173–178.

Gerin, W., Zawadzki, M. J., Brosschot, J. F., dkk. 2012. Rumination as a mediator
of chronic stress effects on hypertension: A causal model. Int J
Hypertens;9,453465.

Go, A. S., Bauman, M., King, S. M., dkk. 2014. An effective approach to high blood
pressure control: a science advisory from the american heart association, the
american college of cardiology, and the centers for disease control and prevention.
Hypertension;63: 878–885

Go, A. S., Mozaffarian, D., Roger, V. L., dkk. 2014a. Heart disease and stroke
statistics—2014 update: a report from the American heart association.
Circulation;129(3):e28–e292

43
Hamer, M., Batty, G., Stamatakis, E., dkk. 2010. Hypertension awareness and
psychological distress. Hypertension;56:547–550

He, F. J., MacGregor, G. A. 2010. Reducing population salt intake worldwide: From
evidence to implementation. Prog Cardiovasc Dis;52:363–382.

James, P. A., Oparil, S., Carter, B. L., dkk. 2014. 2014 evidence-based guideline
for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel
members appointed to the eighth joint national committee (JNC 8). JAMA;311:
507–520.

Julius, S., Krause, L., Schork, N. J., dkk. 1991. Hyperkinetic borderline
hypertension in Tecumseh, Michigan. J Hypertens;9:77–84.

Kaplan, N. M. & Victor, Ronald G. 2015. Kaplan's Clinical Hypertension. 11th ed.
China: Wolters Kluwer.

Kaplan, N. M. & Weber, M. A. 2010. Hypertension Essential. 2nd ed. Philadelphia:

Jones & Bartlett Learning

Katagiri, H., Yamada, T., Oka, Y. 2007. Adiposity and cardiovascular disorders:
Disturbance of the regulatory system consisting of humoral and neuronal signals.
Circ Res;101:27–39.

Keenan, K., Haven, A., Neal, B.C., dkk. 2009. Long term monitoring in patients
receiving treatment to lower blood pressure. BMJ;338:b1492.

Kienitz, T. & Quinkler, M. 2008. Testosterone and blood pressure regulation.

Kidney Blood Press Res;31:71–79.

Kotchen, T. A., Cowley, A. W., Frohlich, E. D. 2013. Salt in health and disease—
a delicate balance. N Engl J Med;368:1229–1237.

Kupper, N., Willemsen, G., Riese, H., dkk. 2005. Heritability of daytime
ambulatory blood pressure in an extended twin design. Hypertension;45:80–85.

Lambert, E. A., Chatzivlastou, K., Schlaich, M., dkk. 2014. Morning surge in blood
pressure is associated with reactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. Am J
Hypertens;27:783–792.

Landsberg, L. 2006. A teleological view of obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Clin

Exp Pharmacol Physiol;33:863–867.

Mancia, G. 2012. Short- and long-term blood pressure variability: present and
future. Hypertension;60:512-517.

Mancia, G., Fagard, R., Narkiewicz, K., dkk. 2013. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for
the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of
arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the
European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens;31: 1281–1357.
44
Mey, D. 1995. Method specificity of the auscultatory estimates of the inodilatory
reduction of diastolic blood pressure based on Korotkoff IV and V criteria. Br J
Clin Pharmacol;39: 485–490.

Miao, C. Y., Xie, H. H., Zhan, L. S., dkk. 2006. Blood pressure variability is more
important than blood pressure level in determination of end-organ damage in rats.
Journal of Hypertension; 24(6):1125-1135.

Modesti, P. A., Morabito, M., Massetti, L., dkk. 2013. Seasonal blood pressure
changes: An independent relationship with temperature and daylight hours.
Hypertension;61: 908–914.

Muntner, P., Shimbo, D., Tonelli, M., dkk. 2011. The relationship between visit-to-
visit variability in systolic blood pressure and all-cause mortality in the general
population findings from NHANES III, 1988 to 1994. Hypertension;57: 160-166.

Murphy, S. L., Xu, J. 2013. Deaths: Final data for 2010. National Vital Statistics
Report. Hyattsville: National Center for Health Statistics.

National Heart Foundation of Australia. 2010. Guide to management of

hypertension 2008. NHFA.

National Institutes of Health (NIH). 2004. The Seventh Report of the Joint National
Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood
Pressure. US: NIH Publication.

Parati, G. & Bilo, G. 2012. Calcium antagonist added to angiotensin receptor

blocker: A recipe for reducing blood pressure variability?. Hypertension;59:1091–
1093.

Parati, G., Liu, X., Ochoa, J., dkk. 2013. Prognostic relevance of blood pressure
variability: role of long-term and very long–term blood pressure changes.
Hypertension;62:682-684.

Parati, G., Ochoa, J., Lombardi, C., dkk. 2013a. Assessment and management of
blood-pressure variability. Nat Rev Cardiol.;10:143–155.

Parati, G., Pomidossi, G., Albini, F., dkk. 1987. Relationship of 24-hour blood
pressure mean and variability to severity of target organ damage in hypertension. J

Qiao, X., McConnell, K. R., Khalil, R. A. 2008. Sex steroids and vascular responses
in hypertension and aging. Gend Med;5(SupplA):S46–S64

Randin, D., Vollenweider, P., Tappy, L., dkk. 1995 Suppression of alcohol-induced
hypertension by dexamethasone. N Engl J Med;332:1733–1737.

Rothwell, P. M., Howard, S. C., Dolan, E., dkk. 2010. Prognostic significance of
visit-to-visit variability, maximum systolic blood pressure, and episodic
hypertension. Lancet;375: 895–905.

45
Sebo, P., Pechere, B. A., Herrmann, F. R., dkk. 2014. Blood pressure measurements
are unreliable to diagnose hypertension in primary care. J Hypertens;32:509–517.

Sembulingam, K. & Sembulingam, P. 2012. Essentials of Medical Physiology.

6thed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.

Sesso, H. D., Stampfer M. J., Rosner B., dkk. 2000. Mean arterial pressure as
predictors of cardiovascular disease risk in men. Hypertension;6:801-807.

Stergiou, G. S., Ntineri, A., Kollias, A., dkk. 2014. Blood pressure variability
assessed by home measurements: a systematic review. Hypertens Res;37: 565–572.

Tai, C., Sun, Y., Dai, N., dkk. 2015. Prognostic significance of visit-to-visit systolic
blood pressure variability: a meta-analysis of 77,299 patients. J Clin Hypertens;17:
107–115.

University of California- Los Angeles (UCLA). 2015. The Central Limit Theorem
[online]. Tersedia di: http://www.stat.ucla.edu/~nchristo/introeconometrics/
introecon_central_limit_theorem.pdf [diunduh: 1 Januari 2016].

Wang, N. Y., Young, J. H., Meoni, L. A., dkk. 2008. Blood pressure change and
risk of hypertension associated with parental hypertension: The Johns Hopkins
Precursors Study. Arch Intern Med;168:643–648.

WHO. 2011. Hypertension fact sheet. Retrieved from Department of Sustainable

Development and Healthy Environments [online]. Tersedia di:
http://www.searo.who.int/topics/hypertension/en/ [diakses 5 Oktober 2015].

WHO. 2014. Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD) Country Profiles 2014 [online].

Tersedia di: http://www.who.int/nmh/countries/idn_en.pdf?ua=1 [diunduh 5
Oktober 2015].

WHO. 2015. Retrieved from Noncommunicable diseases prematurely take 16

million lives annualy, WHO urges more action [online]. Tersedia di: http://www.
who.int/ [diakses 5 Oktober 2015].

Zhang, L., Rao, F., Zhang, K., dkk. 2007. Discovery of common human genetic
variants of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) governing nitric oxide, autonomic
activity, and cardiovascular risk. J Clin Invest;117:2658–2671.

46