CH-2

Comfort criteria
Welcome to the comfort criteria section in prices training module
everyone likes to feel comfortable and performs better under
pleasurable conditions in this section we well defined human comfort
and thermal comfort. Discuss the factors that contribute to comfort
calculate the level of comfort in his own with effective draft
temperature and learn how to rate an error diffusion system with a D.
PI. What is comfort. Comfort can be defined as a state of satisfaction
a person has with their surrounding environment. However many
factors can contribute to this such as air temperature air movement
relative humidity air quality acoustics ascetics clothing activities
emotions and perception. Perhaps this definitions of it to general. The
purpose of an H. back system is to maintain an environment that
ensures the comfort of its occupants so let's focus our discussion a bit
more on thermal comfort. If you are interested more information on
acoustics is provided in the noise control fundamentals section of the
price training module. Thermal comfort. We now know what you mean
comfort is but as it's fact designers we must understand more
specifically what thermal comfort is thermal comfort is achieved when
heat generated by the body is balanced and transferred to the
surrounding space and the occupant is not aware of this process in
any fashion what do we mean by a balanced heat transfer a healthy
person has an internal thermostat that is on average said to 98.6°F
this temperature varies slightly between people seasons time of day
and what activities they're doing. In indoor environments the body is
usually warmer than I surroundings and since he'd naturally dissipates
from a hotter object to a cooler one he travels from the body to its
surroundings. This transfer of heat is in the realm of control by the H.
back system designer and is based on these 3 factors surrounding air
temperature humidity and air velocity. We'll learn more about these
factors in the upcoming section. Temperature humidity and air
velocity. Now that we know what comfort is and the 3 factors that
affected temperature humidity and air velocity let's see how we can
apply that knowledge to improve our environment the American
society of heating refrigerating and air conditioning engineers also
known as ashtray have researched environmental conditions in which
people are comfortable and have determined that neither a specific
temperature nor humidity makes everyone comfortable. In other words
come pretty subjective any attempt to define the best temperature or
humidity relies on statistics as each person has a unique perspective
on what constitutes thermal comfort ashtray recommends that the H.
FAQ designer aim for 80 percent occupancy satisfaction after
extensive testing ashtray has found that at least 80 percent of the
population is comfortable if the air temperature ranges from 77°F in
the summer 272°F in the winter. The humidity ratio this refers to the
ratio of the mass of the water vapor to the mass of dry air contained in
a sample. Ashtray standard 55 - 2004 thermal environmental
conditions for human occupancy has established that a humidity ratio
less than point 012 will provide the best level of human comfort for
example if your room temperature 75°F a relative humidity level of 63
percent would be ideal. The comfort level also depends upon air flow
within the room. When selecting grilles registers or diffusers for a
particular application this is perhaps our greatest concern. Research
shows that for the typical office space a comfortable air flow varies
between 30 and 70 feet per minute at higher velocities air flow will be
perceived as a distraction while air leaving the face of our diffuser will
surely be a higher velocity air flow should not exceed 50 feet per
minute in an occupied zone. By using the proper air diffusion devices
this air movement can be easily controlled. In conventional mixing
ventilation systems we make sure to avoid thermal stratification and
stagnation and that the room air is a homogeneous mixture
stratification occurs when air in a room divides itself based on
temperature the hotter air rises while cooler air full an acceptable
temperature difference from head to ankle for standing occupants is
5°F 4 seeded occupants the difference should not exceed
3.6°F. Those are a lot of interacting conditions to keep track of it once
the following section will show you how the information we've learned
so far can be grouped and simplify. Effective draft temperature. To
better interpret the information we've just discussed H. FAQ designers
have combined the effective temperature and air movement into a
single number this number is called the effective draft temperature. It's
a numerical value that offers an indication of comfort within a specific
space. The effective draft temperature can be calculated as follows
where T. equals the local temperature in degrees Fahrenheit T. C.
equals the control or ambient temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and
V. equals the local velocity in feet per minute. Research indicates that
a high percentage of people are comfortable where the effective draft
temperature differences between minus 3°F 2 plus 2°F and the error
velocity is less than 70 feet per minute. This chart shows the
relationship between temperature differential and air velocity in the
occupied zone any combination of temperature and velocity which
falls outside the shaded area would be perceived as a draft. Note that
the temperature values given are the difference between the local air
temperature and the ambient air temperature in the occupied zone for
instance in a room with an ambient temperature of 72°F we could
encounter 69 degree air in the occupied zone at 30 feet per minute
and it would not be perceived as a draft however we're we do
encounter 67 degree air in the occupied zone at 30 feet per minute it
was surely because the sensation of draft and result in discomfort next
we'll see how this process can be taken a step further by learning how
to measure the effective draft temperature in an entire room. AT
PI. Now that we understand what draft temperature is here's how it
can be used in determining the comfort level in any room. Equipment
can be set up to measure temperatures and velocities at uniformly
distributed points in a room if at each point the draft temperature is
within the minus 3°F to the plus 2°F range and the local velocity is
less than 70 feet per minute than that point meets the comfort
criteria. After checking all of these points an error diffusion
performance index or ADP I can be determined this 80 P. I value has
proven to be a valid single number rating of an air diffusion
system. This is a calculation of the number of points that need the
comfort criteria divided by the total number of points times 180 P. I. O.
vedi means that 80 percent of the points measured have air
temperatures and velocities within an acceptable range NADP I of 80
or above is considered adequate to meet the comfort criteria
according to ashtray standard 62 - 1989. The 80 P. I. rating of an error
diffusion system depends on a number of factors outlet type room
dimensions and diffuser lay out room load and the outlet throw. When
these factors are properly selected and managed most application
should be able to achieve an acceptable 80 P. I.
rating. Conclusion. We hope that you've enjoyed this look at comfort
criteria you should now have a better understanding of human and
thermal comfort which refers to a balanced heat transfer between
people and their surroundings this heat transfer can be affected by
temperature velocity and humidity we've also learned how to measure
the comfort level in his own and seen that ashtray recommends that
80 percent of the population is satisfied with temperatures between 72
to 77°F the humidity ratio of point 012 or less and heir velocity below
50 feet per minute in an occupied zone. We've looked at how to
calculate the effective draft temperature which is a numerical value
indicating the level of comfort at a point in space we seen how all of
the points in a room can be combined to determine the error diffusion
performance index or 80 P. I of the entire room. To learn more about
thermal comfort and ventilation you can refer to ashtray standard 55
for thermal comfort and ashtray standard 113 for room air diffusion in
addition to that you can also refer to the price catalog or visit our
website at W. W. W..price - H. back.com.