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Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2017 > March 2017 Decisions > G.R. No. 199810, March 15,
2017 - BEVERLY ANNE C. YAP, Petitioner, v. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPRESENTED BY THE REGIONAL
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES (DENR), Respondent.:

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G.R. No. 199810, March 15, 2017 - BEVERLY ANNE C. YAP, Petitioner, v. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES,
ChanRobles On-Line Bar Review REPRESENTED BY THE REGIONAL EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL
RESOURCES (DENR), Respondent.

THIRD DIVISION

G.R. No. 199810, March 15, 2017

BEVERLY ANNE C. YAP, Petitioner, v. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPRESENTED BY THE

REGIONAL EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
(DENR), Respondent.

DECISION

REYES, J.:

This is a petition for review on certiorari1 seeking to annul and set aside the Decision2 dated June 30,
2011 and Resolution3 dated November 14, 2011 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. CV No. 01753-
MIN which reversed and set aside the Decision4 dated October 24, 2008 of the Regional Trial Court (RTC)
of Davao City, Branch 16, in Civil Case No. 29,705-03, dismissing the complaint for revers ion of a parcel
of land.

Antecedent Facts
DebtKollect Company, Inc.
Consuelo Vda. de dela Cruz applied for free patent over a parcel of land constituting about 1,292 square
meters, designated as Lot No. 9087, Cad. 102, located in Daliao, Toril, Davao City. As she could not wait
for the approval of her application, she executed a Deed of Waiver/Quitclaim5 on November 25, 1981 in
favor of Rollie Pagarigan (Pagarigan).6

Pagarigan filed his own Free Patent Application (FPA)7 and subsequently, Free Patent No. (XI-1)5133 was
issued to him over said lot. Original Certificate of Title (OCT) No. P-111828 was thereby issued in his
name on November 25, 1982.9

On September 5, 1989, Pagarigan mortgaged the lot to Banco Davao-Davao City Development Bank (the
Bank). For failure to pay his loan, the property was foreclosed, and was eventually sold to the Bank at
public auction on October 26, 1990. These proceedings were duly annotated in the title.10

ChanRobles Intellectual Property
Division
However, the land covered by OCT No. P-11182 was allegedly occupied by Teodoro Valparaiso and Pedro
Malalis (protestants). On October 24, 1990, the protestants filed a formal protest with the Bureau of
Lands (Bureau). They prayed for the recall of the free patent issued to Pagarigan, and for the institution
of a corresponding action for reversion considering that they have been in adverse, exclusive, and
continuous occupation of the subject property since 1945, cultivating it, and planting various crops, nipa
palms and coconut trees on said land.11
On January 27, 1992, the protestants caused the annotation of a notice of lis pendens in OCT No. P-
11182. Assigned as Entry No. 647677, said notice of lis pendens pertained to Civil Case No. 20-435-912
instituted by the protestants against Pagarigan, Menardo Metran and Rene Galope to enjoin them from

March-2017 Jurisprudence
G.R. No. 204766, March 06, 2017 - DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH, REPRESENTED BY SECRETARY ENRIQUE T.
ONA, Petitioner, v. GLORIA B. AQUINTEY, EDUARDO
F. MENDOZA AND AGNES N. VILLANUEVA,
Respondent.
A.C. No. 11256, March 07, 2017 - FLORDELIZA A.
MADRIA, Complainant, v. ATTY. CARLOS P. RIVERA,
Respondent.
G.R. No. 225562, March 08, 2017 - WILLIAM C.
LOUH, JR. AND IRENE L. LOUH, Petitioners, v. BANK
OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Respondent.
G.R. No. 200349, March 06, 2017 - FE B. YABUT
AND NORBERTO YABUT, SUBSTITUTED BY HIS HEIRS
REPRESENTED BY CATHERINE Y. CASTILLO,
Petitioners, v. ROMEO ALCANTARA, SUBSTITUTED BY
HIS HEIRS REPRESENTED BY FLORA LLUCH
ALCANTARA, Respondent.
G.R. No. 197899, March 06, 2017 - JOAQUIN LU,
Petitioner, v. TIRSO ENOPIA, ROBERTO ABANES,
ALEJANDRE BAGAS, SALVADOR BERNAL, SAMUEL
CAHAYAG, ALEJANDRO CAMPUGAN, RUPERTO CERNA,
JR., REYNALDO CERNA, PETER CERVANTES,
LEONARDO CONDESTABLE, ROLANDO ESLOPOR,
ROLLY FERNANDEZ, EDDIE FLORES, ROLANDO
FLORES, JUDITO FUDOLIN, LEO GRAPANI, FELIX
HUBAHIB, JERRY JUAGPAO, MARCIANO LANUTAN,
JOVENTINO MATOBATO, ALFREDO MONIVA,
VICTORIANO ORTIZ, JR., RENALDO PIALAN,
ALFREDO PRUCIA, PONCIANO REANDO, HERMENIO
REMEGIO, DEMETRIO RUAYA, EDGARDO RUSIANA,
NESTOR SALILI, VICENTE SASTRELLAS, ROMEO
SUMAYANG, and DESIDERIO TABAY, Respondents.
G.R. No. 202088, March 08, 2017 - MANUEL L.
BAUTISTA, SPOUSES ANGEL SAHAGUN AND
CARMELITA BAUTISTA, AND ANIANO L. BAUTISTA,
Petitioners, v. MARGARITO L. BAUTISTA, Respondent.
A.C. NO. 11385, March 14, 2017 - ORTIGAS PLAZA
DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, REPRESENTED BY
JANICE MONTERO, Complainant, v. ATTY. EUGENIO S.
TUMULAK, Respondent.
G.R. No. 215383, March 08, 2017 - HON. KIM S.
JACINTO-HENARES, IN HER OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS
COMMISSIONER OF THE BUREAU OF INTERNAL
REVENUE, Petitioner, v. ST. PAUL COLLEGE OF
MAKATI, Respondent.
A.M. No. 16-10-05-SB, March 14, 2017 - RE:
MEDICAL CONDITION OF ASSOCIATE JUSTICE MARIA
CRISTINA J. CORNEJO, SANDIGANBAYAN
G.R. No. 223751, March 15, 2017 - SECOND
DIVISION MIGUEL "LUCKY" GUILLERMO AND AV
MANILA CREATIVE PRODUCTION CO., Petitioners, v.
PHILIPPINE INFORMATION AGENCY AND
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS,
Respondents.
A.C. No. 11346, March 08, 2017 - DR. BASILIO
MALVAR, Complainant, v. ATTY. CORA JANE P.
BALEROS, Respondent.
G.R. No. 211010, March 07, 2017 - VICTORIA
SEGOVIA, RUEL LAGO, CLARIESSE JAMI CHAN,
REPRESENTING THE CARLESS PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES; GABRIEL ANASTACIO, REPRESENTED
BY HIS MOTHER GRACE ANASTACIO, DENNIS
ORLANDO SANGALANG, REPRESENTED BY HIS
MOTHER MAY ALILI SANGALANG, MARIA PAULINA
CASTAÑEDA, REPRESENTED BY HER MOTHER
ATRICIA ANN CASTAÑEDA, REPRESENTING THE
demolishing the former's houses pending the determination of the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR) on the propriety of cancelling the title obtained by Pagarigan.13
The administrative protest of the protestants reached the Office of the Secretary of the DENR. On May
15, 1995, Secretary Angel C. Alcala rendered a Decision14 against Pagarigan, the salient portion and the
fallo of which read as follows:
From the Investigation Reports submitted by both the Department's Regional Office
involved and this Office as well as from the other pieces of evidence available, both
documentary and testimonial, it is obvious that actual fraud and bad faith have been
committed by [Pagarigan] in his subject public land application which led to the issuance of
the title. The following facts and circumstances are uncontroverted, to wit; that the
[protestants] have been in actual occupation of the land in dispute since 1945 and have
introduced improvements thereon; that [Pagarigan] never occupied the same nor his
predecessor-in-interest, Consuelo dela Cruz, that [Pagarigan] misrepresented in his
application that he was the actual occupant and that there were no others who occupied
the lot in dispute; that the title was issued sans an actual ground survey; and that
[Pagarigan] did not post a copy of his Notice for [FPA] on both the Bulletin Boards of
Daliao and Lizardo as required by law.
xxxx
WHEREFORE, the instant appeal is hereby given DUE COURSE and the subject Decision
appealed from SET ASIDE and REVOKED. Consequently, the Regional Executive Director
(RED), DENR Region XI, Davao City, is hereby ordered to institute an action for
cancellation of Original Certificate of Title (OCT) No. V-11182 of the Registry of Deeds of
Davao City covering Lot No. 9087, Cad-102, and for the reversion of the property covered
thereby to the government.
After the cancellation of the subject title and the land already reverted to the government,
Regional Executive Director (RED) concerned shall then order the ground survey of the
land in dispute and give due course to the public land applications of the [protestants].
SO ORDERED.15
Meanwhile, on November 5, 1992, without consolidating title over the land in its name, the Bank sold the
subject property to herein petitioner Beverly Anne C. Yap (Yap) and Rosanna F. Villamor (Villamor). Upon
the execution of the deed of sale, OCT No. P-11182 was delivered to them and Transfer Certificate of
Title No. 36698316 was eventually issued in the name of Yap and Villamor on December 16, 2003.17
On February 28, 1997, the Department of Transportation and Communication filed a complaint for
expropriation of a portion of the subject lot before the RTC of Davao City, Branch 13, docketed as Civil
Case No. 25,084-97.18
On February 19, 2003, the RTC Branch 13 rendered its Decision.19 Confronted with the issue of who
among the claimants shall be entitled to just compensation, the trial court ruled in this wise:
WHEREFORE, it is the judgment of this court that[:]
1. The plaintiff is entitled to expropriate the land subject of this case for the purpose
of road right of way to the Davao Fish Port, which is for public use;
2. The just compensation for the land is P278,[000].00;
3. [Villamor and Yap] are the ones entitled to the payment of just compensation for
the property subject of this case, and plaintiff is directed to pay the said amount to
the said defendants;
4. The Commissioner's Fee of P3,850.00 shall be paid by plaintiff to Asian Appraisal
Company, Inc., and may be deducted from the just compensation for the land being
expropriated.
This case is now considered closed.
SO ORDERED.20
Ruling of the RTC
On May 22, 2003, the respondent, through the Office of the Solicitor General (OSG), filed the Complaint
for Cancellation of Patent, Nullification of Title and Reversion with the RTC of Davao City.21 The case was
raffled to Branch 16 thereof.
On October 24, 2008, the RTC Branch 16 rendered a Decision22 dismissing the respondent's complaint.
The court ruled that since the subject land has already been sold to third persons, it must be shown that
the latter were part of the fraud and/or misrepresentation committed by the original grantee, or at least
were aware of it. However, since the RTC Branch 13 already declared in its decision in Civil Case No.
25,084-97 that Yap and Villamor were purchasers in good faith and for value of the land in question, RTC
Branch 16 maintained that, as a court of co-equal jurisdiction, it is bound by the said finding under the
principle of conclusiveness of judgment. Moreover, the fact that it took the respondent 26 years, from the
issuance of the free patent before it instituted an action for reversion, militates against its cause. The
fallo of the trial court's decision reads:
IN VIEW of the foregoing, judgment is hereby rendered dismissing the instant complaint.
Defendants' [sic] [Bank] and Pagarigan compulsory counterclaim[s] are likewise dismissed
in the absence of proof that there was malice or bad faith on [the respondent's] part when
it sought the reversion of the property.
The dismissal of the action necessarily carries with it the dismissal of defendant's [sic]
[Bank] cross-claim against [Pagarigan].
SO ORD[E]RED.23
Ruling of the CA
The respondent elevated its case to the CA. On June 30, 2011, the CA rendered the assailed Decision24
reversing that of the trial court. In so ruling, the CA adopted the findings of the DENR as to the
commission of fraud by Pagarigan in his FPA, and held that neither the Bank nor Yap and Villamor were
innocent purchasers for value. Further, the CA maintained that the decision of the RTC Branch 13 did not
CHILDREN OF THE PHILIPPINES AND CHILDREN OF
THE FUTURE; AND RENATO PINEDA, JR., ARON KERR
MENGUITO, MAY ALILI SANGALANG, AND GLYNDA
BATHAN BATERINA, REPRESENTING CAR​OWNERS
WHO WOULD RATHER NOT HAVE CARS IF GOOD
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION WERE SAFE,
CONVENIENT, ACCESSIBLE AND RELIABLE,
Petitioners, v. THE CLIMATE CHANGE COMMISSION,
REPRESENTED BY ITS CHAIRMAN, HIS EXCELLENCY
BENIGNO S. AQUINO III, AND ITS COMMISSIONERS
MARY ANN LUCILLE SERING, HEHERSON ALVAREZ
AND NADAREV SANO; DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS (DOTC)
REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY, HONORABLE
JOSEPH ABAYA; DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS
AND HIGHWAYS (DPWH) AND THE ROAD BOARD,
REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY, HONORABLE
ROGELIO SINGSON; DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND
LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG), REPRESENTED BY ITS
SECRETARY, HONORABLE MANUEL ROXAS;
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL
RESOURCES (DENR), REPRESENTED BY ITS
SECRETARY, HONORABLE RAMON PAJE; DEPARTMENT
OF BUDGET AND MANAGEMENT (DBM), REPRESENTED
BY ITS SECRETARY, HONORABLE FLORENCIO ABAD;
METROPOLITAN MANILA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
(MMDA), REPRESENTED BY ITS CHAIRMAN, FRANCIS
TOLENTINO; DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (DA),
REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY, HONORABLE
PROCESO ALCALA; AND JOHN DOES, REPRESENTING
AS YET UNNAMED LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS AND
THEIR RESPECTIVE LOCAL CHIEF EXECUTIVE,
JURIDICAL ENTITIES, AND NATURAL PERSONS WHO
FAIL OR REFUSE TO IMPLEMENT THE LAW OR
COOPERATE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAW,
Respondents.
G.R. No. 206037, March 13, 2017 - PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL BANK, Petitioner, v. LILIBETH S. CHAN,
Respondent.
G.R. No. 197482, March 29, 2017 - FORIETRANS
MANUFACTURING CORP., AGERICO CALAQUIAN AND
ALVIN MONTERO, Petitioners, v. DAVIDOFF ET. CIE
SA & JAPAN TOBACCO, INC . (REPRESENTED BY
SYCIP SALAZAR HERNANDEZ & GATMAITAN LAW
OFFICE THRU ATTY. RONALD MARK LLENO),
Respondents.
G.R. No. 218463, March 01, 2017 - HENRY R.
GIRON, Petitioner, v. HON. EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
PAQUITO N. OCHOA, JR., HON. SANGGUNIANG
PANLUNGSOD OF QUEZON CITY AND HON. KAGAWAD
ARNALDO A. CANDO, Respondents.
G.R. No. 206891, March 15, 2017 - ERNESTO
BROWN, Petitioner, v. MARSWIN* MARKETING, INC.,
AND SANY** TAN, REPRESENTED BY BERNADETTE S.
AZUCENA, Respondents.
A.M. No. P-17-3634 [Formerly A.M. No. 16-04-94-
RTC], March 01, 2017 - OFFICE OF THE COURT
ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v. ENRIQUE I.
ALFONSO, COURT STENOGRAPHER III, REGIONAL
TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 52, MANILA, Respondent.
G.R. No. 212815, March 01, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ENRILE DONIO Y
UNTALAN, Accused-Appellant.
G.R. No. 205578, March 01, 2017 - GEORGIA
OSMEÑA-JALANDONI, Petitioner, v. CARMEN A.
ENCOMIENDA, Respondent.
G.R. No. 213137, March 01, 2017 - FLORDALIZA
LLANES GRANDE, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE
NAUTICAL TRAINING COLLEGE, Respondent.
G.R. No. 213390, March 15, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE
PHILPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JESSIE GABRIELY
GAJARDO, Accused-Appellant.
G.R. No. 200369, March 01, 2017 - UNION BANK OF
THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. THE HONORABLE
REGIONAL AGRARIAN REFORM OFFICER, THE
HONORABLE PROVINCIAL AGRARIAN REFORM
OFFICER, THE HONORABLE MUNICIPAL AGRARIAN
REFORM OFFICER, MIGUEL L. CARASOCHO, GERARDO
G. CARAAN, CATALINO P. CARAAN, PASCUAL N.
CABRERA, FRANCISCO L. CABRERA, EMILIANA M.
CABRERA, CESAR N. CABRERA, PONCIANO R. GARCIA,
PEDRO R. GARCIA, MARCELINO R. GARCIA, AGUSTIN
M. MARANAN, EUGENIO J. MARANAN, SILVERIO D.
MARANAN, ARMANDO T. MARUDO, NENITA L.
MARUDO, GUILLERMO C. NARVACAN, DAVID M.
TERRENAL, DOROTEO C. TERRENAL, SARDO C.
TERRENAL, CARMELITA M. DELA CRUZ, REMEGIO R.
VILLAMAYOR, ANICETO C. DEJAN, MACARIO N.
DEJAN, EULOGIA L. DIVINA, CELIA C. GARCIA,
JOSEFA G. LARENA, MIGUEL M. LUMBRES, JUANITO E.
NARVACAN, LUZVIMINDA PEREZ, SEBASTINO C. DELA
CRUZ, DANILO P. GARCIA, HERMOGENES L.
MARANAN, LEOPOLDO T. MARUDO, MIGUEL C.
NATANAUAN, JOSE C. NATANAUAN, ARCADIO C.
RIVERA, MAMERTO B. DEJAN, SEGUNDO C. DEJAN,
GREGORIO N. ENRIQUEZ, SIMEON L. ALCANTARA,
GAUDENCIO S. ALVEZ, AVELINO G. DE JESUS,
GAUDENCIO P. DIMAPILIS, NEMESIO L. DIVINA,
RODOLFO L. GARCIA, VALENTIN N. LE LEONA N.
LLARENA, PONCIANO L. LLARENA, SERGIO N.
LLARENA, PABLITO M. LUMBRES, VICTORIA L.
MADAJAS, RODOLFO L. MARANAN, ANDRES S.
MARANAN, MELECIA T. MARANAN APOLONIA
VILLAMAYOR,JUANITO O. MERCADO, ARSENIO V.
NATIVIDAD, CRISPIN M. NATIVIDAD, DANTE A.
NATIVIDAD, ELADIO U. NATIVIDAD, FULGENCIO U.
NATIVIDAD, GAUDENCIO M. NATIVIDAD, JUAN T.
NATIVIDAD, PEDRO M. NATIVIDAD, JUAN P.
constitute res judicata insofar as the same has not yet attained finality. The fallo of the CA decision
reads:
WHEREFORE, We GRANT the appeal and REVERSE the decision of the [RTC]. We declare
Free Patent No. (XI-1)5133 and [OCT] No. P-11182 issued in the name of [Pagarigan], and
[TCT] No. T-366983 in the name of [Yap] and [Villamor], and all subsequent [TCTs]
derived therefrom, as null and void. We order the reversion of Lot 9087, Cad. 102,
[l]ocated in Daliao, Toril, Davao City, to the mass of public domain.
SO ORDERED.25
The Bank,26 Yap,27 and Villamor28 sought reconsideration of the CA decision, but their motion was evenly
denied in the Resolution29 dated November 14, 2011.
Hence this petition filed solely by Yap.
Yap propounds the following assignments of errors:
I. Whether or not the decision of the CA is not in accord with the applicable decision
enunciated by the Court in the case of Spouses Macadangdang v. Spouses
Martinez;30
II. Whether or not the CA departed from the rule declared by the Court in the case of
Saad Agro-Industries, Inc. v. Republic of the Philippines,31 that in reversion
proceedings the same must be proved by clear and convincing evidence, mere
preponderance of evidence not even being adequate; and
III. Whether or not the decision of the CA runs counter to the rule on res judicata.32
Yap asserts that she and Villamor purchased the subject property in good faith and for value. She
maintains that on its face, nothing appears in OCT No. P-11182 indicating that some other person has a
right to, or interest over the property covered thereby. As such, there was no obligation on their part to
look beyond the certificate of title to determine the legal condition of the concerned property.
Granting that a notice of lis pendens was annotated in OCT No. P-11182 filed before the Register of
Deeds of Davao City, the same, however, was not offered in evidence and should not have been
considered. Accordingly, the presumption that Yap and Villamor were purchasers in good faith and for
value was not effectively rebutted.
Moreover, in the case for expropriation heard before the RTC Branch 13, they were already adjudged as
innocent purchasers for value. Under the principle of res judicata, it was but proper for RTC Branch 16 to
uphold said pronouncement. Accordingly, it was an error on the part of the CA to reverse the same.
Invoking the Court's ruling in Saad Agro-Industries,33 Yap asserts that the respondent failed to discharge
the burden of proving the alleged fraud and misrepresentation which attended Pagarigan's FPA.
Ruling of the Court
Yap's contentions are untenable.
The decision of the CA does not run
counter to the rule on
conclusiveness of judgment.
Yap asserts that the CA erred in setting aside the decision of RTC Branch 16 in violation of the rule on res
judicata. It was a finding already made by the RTC Branch 13, a co-equal branch that the land is now in
the hands of innocent purchasers for value. Thus, the respondent's complaint for reversion must be
dismissed on the basis of the principle of conclusiveness of judgment.
The Court does not agree.
In a catena of cases, the Court discussed the doctrine of conclusiveness of judgment, as a concept of res
judicata as follows:
The second concept — conclusiveness of judgment — states that a fact or question
which was in issue in a former suit and was there judicially passed upon and
determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, is conclusively settled by the
judgment therein as far as the parties to that action and persons in privity with
them are concerned and cannot be again litigated in any future action between
such parties or their privies, in the same court or any other court of concurrent
jurisdiction on either the same or different cause of action, while the judgment
remains unreversed by proper authority. It has been held that in order that a
judgment in one action can be conclusive as to a particular matter in another action
between the same parties or their privies, it is essential that the issue be identical. If a
particular point or question is in issue in the second action, and the judgment will depend
on the determination of that particular point or question, a former judgment between the
same parties or their privies will be final and conclusive in the second if that same point or
question was in issue and adjudicated in the first suit x x x. Identity of cause of action is
not required but merely identity of issue.
Justice Feliciano, in Smith Bell & Company (Phils.), Inc. v. Court of Appeals x x x,
reiterated Lopez v. Reyes x x x in regard to the distinction between bar by former
judgment which bars the prosecution of a second action upon the same claim, demand, or
cause of action, and conclusiveness of judgment which bars the relitigation of particular
facts or issues in another litigation between the same parties on a different claim or cause
of action.
The general rule precluding the re-litigation of material facts or questions
which were in issue and adjudicated in former action are commonly applied
to all matters essentially connected with the subject matter of the litigation.
Thus, it extends to questions necessarily implied in the final judgment,
although no specific finding may have been made in reference thereto and
although such matters were directly referred to in the pleadings and were
not actually or formally presented. Under this rule, if the record of the
former trial shows that the judgment could not have been rendered without
deciding the particular matter, it will be considered as having settled that
matter as to all future actions between the parties and if a judgment
necessarily presupposes certain premises, they are as conclusive as the
judgment itself.34 (Emphasis and underlining ours, and emphasis in the
original deleted)
CABRERA, BARTOLOME M. MICO, EDUARDO M. ONA,
LUCAS G. ONA, JULIUS T. PODONAN, FELICISIMO T.
RAMILO, FELIPE C. REDONDO, FELINO M. REDONDO,
CLEMENTE R. SANGALANG, DOMINGA R. SUAREZ,
ARMANDO V. VISPO, ALBERTO P. SALVADOR,
FRANCISCO S. CARANDANG, AVELINO L. LLARENA,
CELESTINO M. LLARENA, FRISCO N. LLARENA,
GREGORIO N. LLARENA, CASIANO N. CABRERA,
FLAVIANO N. CABRERA, SEDORO C. CABRERA, SLXTO
M. CABRERA, VALERIANO L. CARINGAL, MARITA C.
DEJAN, SOFRONIO V. CARAAN, CONRADO K.
MERCADO, LEONIZA N. NARVACAN JUANITO E.
NARVACAN, FELICIANO N. NARVACAN, FERNANDO C.
MATANGUIHAN, LEONIDES A. MATANGUIHAN, NILO
L. MATANGUIHAN, JUANITO A. NATIVIDAD, SERGIO
M. NATANAUAN, BARTOLOME C. MATANGUIHAN,
MARTIN M. NATANAUAN, FERNANDO G. MEDINA,
LUCIA R. NATANAUAN, LOPE N. NATANAUAN, JUANA
F. NATANAUAN, FRANCISCO G. NATANAUAN,
BUENAVENTURA G. NATANAUAN, ANDRES M.
NATANAUAN, CORNELIO L. NARVAEZ, LEONIZA T.
ANNOYO, BRICCIO N. LUMBRES, CALIXTO R.
LUMBRES, RODOLFO U. LLARENA, BENITA L.
MADAJAS, MERCEDES L. MADAJAS, REMEDIOS A.
MARUDO, FILOMENA D. MARANAN, ROLANDO N.
MEDINA, RICARDO L. MARANAN, ANGEL A.
UMANDAP, LUCIDO G. MED`INA, MENARDO G.
MEDINA, MARIANO N. REGALADO, MARCIANO C.
REDONDO, DAMASA D. REDONDO, LEONIDA R.
RAMILO, SERGIO O. NATIVIDAD, RAFAEL T.
MARANAN, DEMETRTO M. QUIJANO, LITA L.
NARVAEZ, PETRONILO V. ARSENIO, CESARIO N.
LLARENA, JUAN D. NARVAEZ, ANSELMO N. LLARENA,
MACARIO N. DIJAN, FERNANDO M. ROBLES,
LEONARDO N. TERRIBLE, LEONORA N. RIVERA,
ELENA N. RIVERA, CATALINO P. CARAON, JUAN S.
MARASIGAN, CELSO A. MERCADO, AND ERNESTO
MANGUIAT, Respondents.; G.R. Nos. 203330-31 -
UNION BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v.
PETRONILO V. ARSENIO, CATALINO P. CARAAN,
FRANCISCO S. CARANDANG, MACARIO N. DEJAN,
ANSELMO L. LLARENA, ANSELMO T. LLARENA,
CELESTINO M. LLARENA, CESARIO M. LLARENA,
FRISCO N. LLARENA, GREGORIO N. LLARENA,
CALIXTO R. LUMBRES, AGUSTIN N. MARANAN,
EUGENIO T. MARANAN, JUAN L. MARASIGAN,
ARMANDO T. MARUDO, MEDARDO G. MEDINA, CELSO
A. MERCADO, FELICIANO N. NARVACAN, GUILLERMO
C. NARVACAN, JUAN E. NARVACAN, JUANITO D.
NARVAEZ, LITA L. NARVAEZ, DEMETRIO M. QUIJANO,
LEONIDA R. RAMILO, ELENA M. RIVERA, FERNANDO
M. ROBLES, DAVID M. TERRENAL, AND LEONARDO N.
TERRIBLE, Respondents.
G.R. No. 224834, March 15, 2017 - JONATHAN Y.
DEE, Petitioner, v. HARVEST ALL INVESTMENT
LIMITED, VICTORY FUND LIMITED, BONDEAST
PRIVATE LIMITED, AND ALBERT HONG HIN KAY, AS
MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS OF ALLIANCE SELECT
FOODS INTERNATIONAL, INC., AND HEDY S.C. YAP-
CHUA, AS DIRECTOR AND SHAREHOLDER OF
ALLIANCE SELECT FOODS INTERNATIONAL, INC.,
Respondents.; G.R. NO. 224871 - HARVEST ALL
INVESTMENT LIMITED, VICTORY FUND LIMITED,
BONDEAST PRIVATE LIMITED, ALBERT HONG HIN
KAY, AS MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS OF ALLIANCE
SELECT FOODS INTERNATIONAL, INC., AND HEDY
S.C. YAP-CHUA, AS A DIRECTOR AND SHAREHOLDER
OF ALLIANCE SELECT FOODS INTERNATIONAL, INC.,
Petitioners, v. ALLIANCE SELECT FOODS
INTERNATIONAL, INC., GEORGE E. SYCIP, JONATHAN
Y. DEE, RAYMUND K.H. SEE, MARY GRACE T. VERA-
CRUZ, ANTONIO C. PACIS, ERWIN M. ELECHICON,
AND BARBARA ANNE C. MIGALLOS, Respondents.
G.R. No. 179749, March 30, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. EDDIE BARTE Y
MENDOZA, Accused-Appellant.
G.R. No. 209057, March 15, 2017 - RENATO S.
MARTINEZ, Petitioner, v. JOSE MARIA V. ONGSIAKO,
Respondent.
A.M. No. MTJ-12-1813 (Formerly A.M. No. 12-5-42-
MeTC), March 14, 2017 - OFFICE OF THE COURT
ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v. JUDGE ELIZA B.
YU, METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 47,
PASAY CITY, Respondent.; A.M. NO. 12-1-09-METC -
RE: LETTER DATED 21 JULY 2011 OF EXECUTIVE
JUDGE BIBIANO G. COLASITO AND THREE (3) OTHER
JUDGES OF THE METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT,
PASAY CITY, FOR THE SUSPENSION OR DETAIL TO
ANOTHER STATION OF JUDGE ELIZA B. YU, BRANCH
47, SAME COURT.; A.M. NO. MTJ-13-1836 (FORMERLY
A.M. NO. 11-11-115- METC) - RE: LETTER DATED MAY
2, 2011 OF HON. ELIZA B. YU, PRESIDING JUDGE,
METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 47, PASAY
CITY.; A.M. NO. MTJ-12-1815 (FORMERLY OCA IPI
NO. 11-2401-MTJ) - LEILANI A. TEJERO-LOPEZ,
Complainant, v. JUDGE ELIZA B. YU, BRANCH 47,
METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT, PASAY CITY,
Respondent.; OCA IPI NO. 11-2398-MTJ - JOSEFINA
G. LABID, Complainant, v. JUDGE ELIZA B. YU,
METROPOLITAN COURT, BRANCH CITY, TRIAL 47,
PASAY CITY, Respondent.; OCA IPI NO. 11-2399-MTJ
- AMOR V. ABAD, FROILAN ROBERT L. TOMAS, ROMER
H. AVILES, EMELINA J. SAN MIGUEL, NORMAN D.S.
GARCIA, MAXIMA SAYO AND DENNIS ECHEGOYEN,
Complainants, v. HON. ELIZA B. YU, PRESIDING
JUDGE, METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 47,
PASAY CITY, Respondent.; OCA IPI NO. 11-2378-MTJ
- EXECUTIVE JUDGE BIBIANO G. COLASITO, VICE
EXECUTIVE JUDGE BONIFACIO S. PASCUA, JUDGE
RESTITUTO V. MANGALINDAN, JR., JUDGE
CATHERINE P. MANODON, MIGUEL C. INFANTE
(CLERK OF COURT IV, OCC-METC), RACQUEL C.
DIANO (CLERK OF COURT III, METC, BRANCH 45),
EMMA ANNIE D. ARAFILES (ASSISTANT CLERK OF
In Nabus v. CA,35 the Court stressed that when a party seeks relief upon a cause of action different from
the one asserted by him in a previous one, the judgment in the former suit is conclusive only as to
such points or questions as were actually in issue or adjudicated therein.36 However, in Calalang
v. Register of Deeds of Quezon City,37 the Court clarified that the bar on re-litigation of a matter or
question extends to those questions necessarily implied in the final judgment, although no specific
finding may have been made in reference thereto, and although those matters were directly referred to
in the pleadings and were not actually or formally presented.38 "If the record of the former trial
shows that the judgment could not have been rendered without deciding a particular matter,
it will be considered as having settled that matter as to all future actions between the
parties."39 Verily, as developed, these principles now embody paragraph (c) of Section 47, Rule 39 of
the Rules of Court, which reads:
(c) In any other litigation between the same parties or their successors in interest, that
only is deemed to have been adjudged in a former judgment or final order which appears
upon its face to have been so adjudged, or which was actually and necessarily included
therein or necessary thereto.
Guided by the foregoing, the Court finds that RTC Branch 16 falsely appreciated the decision of RTC
Branch 13. The Court quotes the pertinent portions of the Decision dated February 19, 2003 of the RTC
Branch 13:
THE COURT'S RULING:
CLAIMS OF [THE PROTESTANTS]:
[The protestants] claim that the decision of the Secretary of the DENR in effect conferred
ownership of the land to them, so that they should be paid the compensation and not
defendants Yap and Villamor. In fact, defendant Malalis had declared the property for
taxation purposes, and had paid the taxes thereon from the time they had occupied the
land.
[The protestants] alleged that the land subject of this case is still in the name of
[Pagarigan], and OCT No. P-11182 has not yet been cancelled and transferred in the
names of defendants Yap and Villamor, who never even set foot on the land, nor declared
the land for taxation purposes. The alleged sale of [the Bank] of the land to Yap and
Villamor did not confer ownership of the land to them, because the land had not been
delivered to them by the owner, and they have not exercised ownership over the same. In
short their claim of ownership is based on a technicality, and no amount of technicality
may serve as a solid foundation for the enjoyment of the fruits of fraud, [the protestants]
alleged.
CLAIMS OF DEFENDANTS YAP AND VILLAMOR:
Defendants Yap and Villamor for their part, dispute the claim of [the protestants]. They
alleged that they were buyers in good faith of the property, and in fact, the owner 's copy
of OCT No. P-11182 has been delivered to them by [the Bank]. They alleged that the title
which was issued to [Pagarigan] cannot be attacked collaterally as in this case. There
should be a case filed in court to annul the title if indeed the same was fraudulently issued.
For as long as the title is not yet declared null and void, the same remains valid, and
whoever succeeds to the same is the owner of the land, they alleged. Moreover, since they
are purchasers in good faith, and for value, they have a right to be protected, defendants
Yap and Villamor alleged.
THE COURT'S RULING:
The Decision of the Secretary of the DENR, in the case cited by [the protestants] cannot
justify the court to declare that the title issued to [Pagarigan] is void, and that (the
protestants] are the owners of the property in question.
As correctly stated by defendants Yap and Villamor in their Memorandum, a Torrens title
cannot be collaterally at tacked. The title must be attacked directly in a case filed in court
specifically to annul the said title. The alleged fraud in the issuance of OCT No. P-11182
therefore cannot be raised in this case, and the court will not consider the decision of the
DENR Secretary to say that the title of [Pagarigan] is void, and that the [protestants] are
the owners of the land subject of this case.
Moreover, a Torrens title has the presumption of having been validly issued and the
defendants Yap and Villarnor are not expected to look beyond the title to determine its
validity. They are purchasers in good faith and for value, and are therefore entitled to the
protection of the court.
Contrary to the allegation of [the protestants], there was in fact a valid delivery of the land
to defendants Yap and Villarnor. The execution of a Deed of Sale in their favor by
defendant [Bank], and delivery to them of the owner's copy of OCT No. P-11182 is a
constructive delivery of the property sold to them.
Although defendants Yap and Villamor had not taken actual physical possession of the
property covered by OCT No. P-11182, the same did not divest them of the ownership of
the land covered by the said title. The occupation and possession of [the protestants] of
the land in question did not ripen into ownership because their occupation (even in the
concept of an owner) cannot defeat a Torrens title. OCT No. P-11182 is presumed to be
valid until declared void by the courts.40
The foregoing shows that the question of whether or not Yap and Villamor are innocent purchasers was
not an actual issue of fact in the case before the RTC Branch 13, and which called for said court's
adjudication. "An issue of fact is a point supported by one party's evidence and controverted by
another's."41 That Yap and Villamor were buyers in good faith is merely an allegation which was not
proven in court. The RTC Branch 13 did not actually make any clear pronouncement on the matter.
The expropriation proceeding was filed on February 28, 1997. The protestants caused the annotation of a
notice of lis pendens on the original copy of OCT No. P-11182 on January 27, 1992. Accordingly, if
indeed the question on whether Yap and Villamor are buyers in good faith was an actual issue of fact
before the expropriation proceeding, the protestants could have easily controverted such claim by the
mere expedience of presenting a certified original copy of OCT No. P-11182. Forsooth, the notice at the
back of a Torrens title serves as notice to the whole world of the pending controversy over the land so
registered.42
The RTC Branch 13 basically anchored its judgment on the indefeasibility of a Torrens title. Pursuant to
the well-settled rule that a certificate of title cannot be subject to collateral attack and can only be
altered, modified, or cancelled in a direct proceeding in accordance with law,43 it was clear that the trial
COURT, OCC-METC), PEDRO C. DOCTOLERO, JR.
(CLERK OF COURT III, METC, BRANCH 44), LYDIA T.
CASAS (CLERK OF COURT III, METC, BRANCH 46),
ELEANOR N. BAYOG (LEGAL RESEARCHER,METC,
BRANCH 45), LEILANIE A. TEJERO (LEGAL
RESEARCHER, METC, BRANCH 46), ANA MARIA V.
FRANCISCO (CASHIER I, OCC​ METC), SOLEDAD J.
BASSIG (CLERK III, OCC-METC), MARISSA
MASHHOOR RASTGOOY (RECORDS OFFICER, OCC-
METC), MARIE LUZ M. OBIDA (ADMINISTRATIVE
OFFICER, OCC-METC), VIRGINIA D. GALANG
(RECORDS OFFICER I, OCC-METC), AUXENCIO
JOSEPH CLEMENTE (CLERK OF COURT III, METC,
BRANCH 48), EVELYN P. DEPALOBOS (LEGAL
RESEARCHER, METC, BRANCH 44), MA. CECILIA
GERTRUDES R. SALVADOR (LEGAL RESEARCHER,
METC, BRANCH 48), JOSEPH B. PAMATMAT (CLERK
III, OCC- METC), ZENAIDA N. GERONIMO (COURT
STENOGRAPHER, OCC-METC), BENJIE V. ORE
(PROCESS SERVER, OCC-METC), FORTUNATO E.
DIEZMO (PROCESS SERVER, OCC- METC), NOMER B.
VILLANUEVA (UTILITY WORKER, OCC-METC), ELSA D.
GARNET (CLERK III, OCC​ METC), FATIMA V. ROJAS
(CLERK III, OCC-METC), CAYANAN (CLERK III, METC,
BRANCH 45), MANOLO EDUARDO E. EBREO (SHERIFF
ILL, METC, BRANCH 45), RONALYN T. ALMARVEZ
(COURT STENOGRAPHER II, METC, BRANCH 45), MA.
VICTORIA C. OCAMPO (COURT STENOGRAPHER II,
METC, BRANCH 45), ELIZABETH LIPURA (CLERK III
METC, BRANCH 45), MARY ANN J. MANUEL E. GARCIA
(PROCESS SERVER, METC, BRANCH 45), EDWINA A.
JUROK (UTILITY WORKER, OCC-METC), ARMINA B.
ALMONTE (CLERK III, OCC-METC), ELIZABETH G.
VILLANUEVA (RECORDS OFFICER, METC, BRANCH
44), ERWIN RUSS B. RAGASA (SHERIFF III, METC,
BRANCH 44), BIEN T. CAMBA (COURT
STENOGRAPHER II, METC, BRANCH 44), MARLON M.
SULIGAN (COURT STENOGRAPHER II, METC, BRANCH
44), CHANDA B. TOLENTINO (COURT STENOGRAPHER
II, METC, BRANCH 44), FERDINAND R. MOLINA
(COURT INTERPRETER, METC, BRANCH 44),
PETRONILO C. PRIMACIO, JR. (PROCESS SERVER,
METC, BRANCH 45), EDWARD ERIC SANTOS (UTILITY
WORKER, METC, BRANCH 45), EMILIO P. DOMINE
(UTILITY WORKER, METC, BRANCH 45), ARNOLD P.
OBIAL (UTILITY WORKER, METC, BRANCH 44),
RICARDO E. LAMPITOC (SHERIFF III, METC, BRANCH
46), JEROME H. AVILES (COURT STENOGRAPHER II,
METC, BRANCH 46), ANA LEA M. ESTACIO (COURT
STENOGRAPHER II, METC, BRANCH 46), LANIE F.
AGUINALDO (CLERK III, METC, BRANCH 44),
JASMINE L. LINDAIN (CLERK III, METC, BRANCH 44),
RONALDO S. QUIJANO (PROCESS SERVER, METC,
BRANCH 44), DOMINGO H. HOCOSOL (UTILITY
WORKER, METC, BRANCH 48), EDWIN P. UBANA
(SHERIFF III, METC, BRANCH 48), MARVIN 0.
BALICUATRO (COURT STENOGRAPHER II, METC,
BRANCH 48), MA. LUZ D. DIONISIO (COURT
STENOGRAPHER II, METC, BRANCH 48), MARIBEL A.
MOLINA (COURT STENOGRAPHER II, METC, BRANCH
48), CRISTINA E. LAMPITOC (COURT STENOGRAPHER
II, METC, BRANCH 46), MELANIE DC. BEGASA (CLERK
III, METC, BRANCH 46), EVANGELINE M. CHING
(CLERK III, METC, BRANCH 46), LAWRENCE D. PEREZ
(PROCESS SERVER, METC, BRANCH 46), EDMUNDO
VERGARA (UTILITY WORKER, METC, BRANCH 46),
AMOR V. ABAD (COURT INTERPRETER, METC,
BRANCH 47), ROMER H. AVILES (COURT
STENOGRAPHER II, METC, BRANCH 47), FROILAN
ROBERT L. TOMAS (COURT STENOGRAPHER II, METC,
BRANCH 47), MAXIMA C. SA YO (PROCESS SERVER,
BRANCH 47), SEVILLA B. DEL CASTILLO (COURT
INTERPRETER, METC, BRANCH 48), AIDA JOSEFINA
IGNACIO (CLERK III, METC, BRANCH 48), BENIGNO
A. MARZAN (CLERK ILL, METC, BRANCH 48), KARLA
MAE R. PACUNAYEN (CLERK ILL, METC, BRANCH 48),
IGNACIO M. GONZALES (PROCESS SERVER, METC,
BRANCH 48), EMELINA J. SAN MIGUEL (RECORDS
OFFICER, OCC, DETAILED AT BRANCH 47), DENNIS M.
ECHEGOYEN (SHERIFF III, OCC-METC), NORMAN
GARCIA (SHERIFF III, METC, BRANCH 47), NOEL G.
LABID (UTILITY WORKER I, BRANCH 47),
Complainants, v. HON. ELIZA B. YU, PRESIDING
JUDGE, METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 47,
PASAY CITY, Respondent.; OCA IPI NO. 12-2456-MTJ
- JUDGE BIBIANO G. COLASITO, JUDGE BONIFACIO S.
PASCUA, JUDGE RESTITUTO V. MANGALINDAN, JR.
AND CLERK OF COURT MIGUEL C. INFANTE,
Complainants, v. HON. ELIZA B. YU, PRESIDING
JUDGE, METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 47,
PASAY CITY, Respondent.; A.M. NO. MTJ-13-1821 -
JUDGE EMILY L. SAN GASPAR-GITO, METROPOLITAN
TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 20, MANILA, Complainant, v.
JUDGE ELIZA B. YU, METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT,
BRANCH 47, PASAY CITY, Respondent.
G.R. No. 220785, March 01, 2017 - MA. LORENA
TICONG, Petitioner, v. MANUEL A. MALIM, MINDA
ABANGAN AND MAY MACAL, Respondents.; G.R. NO.
222887 - PATROCINIO S. TICONG AND WILMA T.
LAO, Petitioners, v. MANUEL A. MALIM, MINDA
ABANGAN AND MAY MACAL, Respondents.
G.R. No. 221134, March 01, 2017 - OFFICE OF THE
OMBUDSMAN-MINDANAO, Petitioner, v. RICHARD T.
MARTEL AND ABEL A. GUIÑARES, Respondents.
G.R. No. 216637, March 07, 2017 - AGAPITO J.
CARDINO, Petitioner, v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS
EN BANC AND ROSALINA G. JALOSJOS A.K.A.
ROSALINA JALOSJOS JOHNSON, Respondents.
A.M. No. RTJ-10-2219, March 07, 2017 - OFFICE OF
THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v.
RETIRED JUDGE PABLO R. CHAVEZ, FORMER
PRESIDING JUDGE, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT,
BRANCH 87, ROSARIO, BATANGAS, ATTY. TEOFILO A.
DIMACULANGAN, JR., CLERK OF COURT VI, MR.
court was without jurisdiction in an expropriation proceeding, to rule whether the title issued to
Pagarigan is void – notwithstanding the decision of the DENR Secretary. Thereupon, since the position of
the protestants rests mainly on the validity of Pagarigan's title which cannot be considered in the action,
RTC Branch 13, in effect, posited that there was no legal way for it to rule otherwise.
Accordingly, and as similarly advanced by the OSG in its Comment, the RTC Branch 13's pronouncement
that Yap and Villamor were buyers in good faith was, at best, a mere obiter dictum. Contrary to Yap's
claim, there was nothing final or conclusive with the decision of the RTC Branch 13 which the CA should
be bound.
Neither the Bank, nor Yap and
Villamor were purchasers in good
faith and for value. Reversion of
subject lot is in order.
"[F]actual findings of administrative or quasi-judicial bodies, which are deemed to have acquired
expertise in matters within their respective jurisdictions, are generally accorded not only respect but
even finality, and bind the Court when supported by substantial evidence."44
The fact that Pagarigan fraudulently secured his free patent was duly established by the investigation
conducted by the DENR through Senior Special Investigator Domingo Mendez. The decision of the DENR
is very clear in this regard, thus:
From the Investigation Reports submitted by both the Department's Regional Office
involved and this Office as well as from the other pieces of evidence available, both
documentary and testimonial, it is obvious that actual fraud and bad faith have been
committed by [Pagarigan] in his subject public land application which led to the issuance of
the title. The following facts and circumstances are uncontroverted, to wit; that the
[protestants] have been in actual occupation of the land in dispute since 1945 and have
introduced improvements thereon; that [Pagarigan] never occupied the same nor his
predecessor-in-interest, Consuela de1a Cruz; that [Pagarigan] misrepresented in his
application that he was the actual occupant and that there were no others who occupied
the lot in dispute; that the title was issued sans an actual ground survey; and that
[Pagarigan] did not post a copy of his Notice for [FPA] on both the Bulletin Board s of
Daliao and Lizardo as required by law.45 (Emphasis ours)
Thus, the DENR ordered for the institution of the present action seeking the cancellation of the certificate
of title issued in the name of Pagarigan, and for the reversion of the land covered thereby to the
government.
However, as adverted to above, Section 32 of Presidential Decree No. 1529 mandates that for a reversion
case to prosper, it is not enough to prove that the original grantee of a patent has obtained the same
through fraud; it must also be proven that the subject property has not yet been acquired by an innocent
purchaser for value, because fraudulent acquisition cannot affect the titles of the latter.
Henceforth, the ultimate resolution of this case boils down to the determination on whether the
subsequent conveyances of the subject lot from Pagarigan were made to innocent purchasers for value.
Specifically, based on the records, can we regard the Bank, and thereafter, Yap and Villamor as innocent
purchasers for value?
The Court answers in the negative.
Verily, the Court is in full accord with the following disquisitions of the CA on the matter, thus:
It cannot be overemphasized that [the Bank], being in the business of extending loans
secured by real estate mortgage, is familiar with rules on land registration. As such, it was,
as here, expected to exercise more care and prudence than private individuals in its
dealings with registered lands. Accordingly, given inter alia the suspicion-provoking
presence of occupants other than the owner on the land to be mortgaged, it behooved
them to conduct a more exhaustive investigation on the history of the mortgagor's title.
That appellee Bank accepted in mortgage the property in question notwithstanding the
existence of structures on the property and which were in actual, visible, and public
possession of persons other than the mortgagor, constitutes gross negligence amounting to
bad faith.46 (Citation omitted)
Yap and Villamor are not innocent
purchasers for value.
As pointed out by the CA, the respondent argued that at the time Yap and Villamor purchased the said lot
from the Bank, a notice of lis pendens was already annotated on OCT No. P-11182; hence, they cannot
be considered as innocent purchasers for value. Yap and Villamor, on the other hand, contended that the
owner's duplicate copy they received from the Bank did not contain any annotations of encumbrance or
liens; hence, they cannot be bound by such annotation.47
In the present petition, Yap maintains that the presumption that she and Villamor are buyers in good
faith and for value has not been rebutted. She adds that even if it is assumed, for the sake of argument,
that their predecessor-in-interest committed fraud and misrepresentation, their title as innocent
purchasers and for value will not in any way be affected.48
This Court cannot sanction Yap's assertion. Time and again, the Court has ruled that the burden of proof
to establish the status of a purchaser and registrant in good faith lies upon the one who asserts it. This
onus probandi cannot be discharged by mere invocation of the legal presumption of good faith.49
It must be emphasized that aside from the fact that a notice of lis pendens was already annotated on
OCT No. P-11182 even before Yap and Villamor purchased the subject property, it was also established
that when they did so, the said property was still registered in the name of Pagarigan since the Bank did
not consolidate its title thereto.50Stated simply, Yap and Villamor purchased the subject property
not from the registered owner.
In Trifonia D. Gabutan, et al. v. Dante D. Nacalaban, et al.,51 the Court held that:
A buyer for value in good Faith is one who buys property of another, without notice that
some other person has a right to, or interest in, such property and pays full and fair price
for the same, at the time of such purchase, or before he has notice of the claim or interest
of some other persons in the property. He buys the property with the well-founded belief
that the person from whom he receives the thing had title to the property and capacity to
convey it.
To prove good faith, a buyer of registered and titled land need only show that he relied on
the face of the title to the property. He need not prove that he made further inquiry for he
is not obliged to explore beyond the four corners of the title. Such degree of proof of
good faith, however, is sufficient only when the following conditions concur: first,
ARMANDO ERMELITO M. MARQUEZ, COURT
INTERPRETER III, MS. EDITHA E. BAGSIC, COURT
INTERPRETER III, AND MR. DAVID CAGUIMBAL,
PROCESS SERVER, ALL OF REGIONAL TRIAL COURT,
BRANCH 87, ROSARIO, BATANGAS, Respondents.;
A.M. No. 12-7-130-RTC - RE: UNDATED ANONYMOUS
LETTER-COMPLAINT AGAINST THE PRESIDING
JUDGE, CLERK OF COURT AND COURT
STENOGRAPHER OF THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT,
BRANCH 87, ROSARIO, BATANGAS.
G.R. No. 175726, March 22, 2017 - LAND BANK OF
THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. HEIRS OF ANTONIO
MARCOS, SR., NAMELY: ANITA M. RUBIO, LOLITA M.
PELINO, ANTONIO MARCOS, JR. AND RAMIRO D.
MARCOS, Respondents.
G.R. No. 213943, March 22, 2017 - COMMISSIONER
OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE
DAILY INQUIRER, INC., Respondent.
G.R. No. 222980, March 20, 2017 - LOURDES C.
RODRIGUEZ, Petitioner, v. PARK N RIDE INC./VICEST
(PHILS) INC./GRAND LEISURE CORP./SPS. VICENTE
& ESTELITA B. JAVIER, Respondents.
G.R. No. 192648, March 15, 2017 - DE OCAMPO
MEMORIAL SCHOOLS, INC., Petitioner, v. BIGKIS
MANGGAGAWA SA DE OCAMPO MEMORIAL SCHOOL,
INC., Respondent.
G.R. No. 199141, March 08, 2017 - LAND BANK OF
THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. HEIRS OF JOSE
TAPULADO, NAMELY, TOMASA, LORENZO, TERESITA,
JOSE, JR., ELISA, ROMEO, LETECIA, ALL SURNAMED
TAPULADO, Respondents.
G.R. No. 224900, March 15, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. NESTOR M.
BUGARIN, Accused-Appellants.
G.R. No. 193987, March 13, 2017 - LAND BANK OF
THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. PHIL-AGRO
INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION, Respondent.
G.R. No. 192536, March 15, 2017 - DEMETRIO R.
ALCANTARA, Petitioner, v. REPUBLIC OF THE
PHILIPPINES, THRU ITS AGENCY, BUREAU OF
INTERNAL REVENUE, REVENUE REGION NO. 11-B,
DAVAO CITY; AMERIGO D. VILLEGAS, REVENUE
ENFORCEMENT OFFICER, REVENUE REGION NO. 11-B;
TEODORICA R. ARCEGA, ASSISTANT REGIONAL
DIRECTOR, BIR REVENUE REGION NO. 11-B; JOSE C.
BATAUSA, REGIONAL DIRECTOR, BIR REVENUE
REGION NO. 11-B; THEMISTOCLES R. MONTALBAN,
ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER, COLLECTION SERVICE
OF BIR; REGISTER OF DEEDS OF DAVAO CITY; AND
MAXIMO LAGAHIT, Respondents.
G.R. No. 211937, March 21, 2017 - ROSEMARIE B.
BINTUDAN, Petitioner, v. THE COMMISSION ON
AUDIT, Respondents.
G.R. No. 225644, March 01, 2017 - THE PEOPLE OF
THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. EDWIN
TUARDON Y ROSALIA, Accused-Appellants.
G.R. No. 193069, March 15, 2017 - NSC HOLDINGS
(PHILIPPINES), INC., Petitioner, v. TRUST
INTERNATIONAL PAPER CORPORATION (TIPCO) AND
ATTY. MONICO JACOB, Respondents.
G.R. No. 198209, March 22, 2017 - ALEXIS C.
ALMENDRAS, Petitioner, v. SOUTH DAVAO
DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, INC., (SODACO),
ROLANDO SANCHEZ, LEONARDO DALWAMPO AND
CARIDAD C. ALMENDRAS, Respondents.
G.R. No. 192353, March 15, 2017 - MERCEDITA C.
COOMBS, Petitioner, v. VICTORIA C. CASTAÑEDA,
VIRGILIO VELOSO SANTOS, SPS. PANCHO & EDITH
LEVISTE, BPI FAMILY SAVINGS BANK AND THE
REGISTER OF DEEDS OF MUNTINLUPA CITY,
Respondents.
G.R. No. 194199, March 22, 2017 - PROVINCE OF
CAMARINES SUR, REPRESENTED BY GOVERNOR LUIS
RAYMUND F. VILLAFUERTE, JR., Petitioner, v.
BODEGA GLASSWARE, REPRESENTED BY ITS OWNER
JOSEPH D. CABRAL, Respondent.
A.M. No. 10-4-19-SC, March 07, 2017 - RE: LETTER
OF TONY Q. VALENCIANO, HOLDING OF RELIGIOUS
RITUALS AT THE HALL OF JUSTICE BUILDING IN
QUEZON CITY
G.R. No. 199810, March 15, 2017 - BEVERLY ANNE
C. YAP, Petitioner, v. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES,
REPRESENTED BY THE REGIONAL EXECUTIVE
DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND
NATURAL RESOURCES (DENR), Respondent.
G.R. No. 225599, March 22, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CHRISTOPHER
MEJARO ROA, Accused-Appellant.
G.R. No. 164749, March 15, 2017 - ROMULO
ABROGAR AND ERLINDA ABROGAR, Petitioners, v.
COSMOS BOTTLING COMPANY AND INTERGAMES,
INC., Respondents.
G.R. No. 214864, March 22, 2017 - PHILIPPINE
PORTS AUTHORITY (PPA), REPRESENTED BY OSCAR
M.SEVILLA, GENERAL MANAGER, BENJAMIN B.
CECILIO, ASSISTANT MANAGER FOR OPERATIONS,
AND SISALI B. ARAP, PORT MANAGER, Petitioner, v.
NASIPIT INTEGRATED ARRASTRE AND STEVEDORING
SERVICES, INC. (NIASSI), REPRESENTED BY RAMON
the seller is the registered owner of the land; second, the latter is in possession
thereof; and third, at the time of the sale, the buyer was not aware of any claim
or interest of some other person in the property, or of any defect or restriction in
the title of the seller or in his capacity to convey title to the property.
Absent one or two of the foregoing conditions, then the law itself puts the buyer on notice
and obliges the latter to exercise a higher degree of diligence by scrutinizing the certificate
of title and examining all factual circumstances in order to determine the seller's title and
capacity to transfer any inter est in the property. Under such circumstance, it is no longer
sufficient for said buyer to merely show that he relied on the face of the title; he must now
also show that he exercised reasonable precaution by inquiring beyond the title. Failure to
exercise such degree of precaution makes him a buyer in bad faith.52 (Emphasis and italics
in the original)
Verily, as the Court held in a catena of cases:
[T]he law protects to a greater degree a purchaser who buys from the registered owner
himself. Corollarily, it requires a higher degree of prudence from one who buys
from a person who is not the registered owner, although the land object of the
transaction is registered. While one who buys from the registered owner does not need
to look behind the certificate of title, one who buys from one who is not the
registered owner is expected to examine not only the certificate of title but all
factual circumstances necessary for him to determine if there are any flaws in the
title of the transferor, or in his capacity to transfer the land.
This Court ha s consistently applied the stricter rule when it comes to deciding the issue
of good faith of one who buys from one who is not the registered owner, but who exhibits a
certificate of title.53 (Emphasis in the original)
Neither estoppel nor laches lies
against the respondent in the
present case
Citing the cases of Saad Agro-!ndustries54 and Republic of the Philippines v. CA,55 the RTC Branch 16
opined that in an action for reversion, the defenses of equitable estoppel, laches and Torrens System
in land titles are available – without, however, stating that the foregoing also applies in this case, and
how.
In any event, neither of said cases is on all fours with the present case. Said cases did not dwell on
whether an FPA was granted through the employment of fraud and/or misrepresentation, nor the
question of whether the concerned properties were conveyed to innocent purchasers.
In Saad Agro-Industries, free patent was alleged to have been mistakenly issued over a property that
was claimed by therein respondent as inalienable for being part of a track of land classified as forest
land. However, it was established that government has not yet classified the lot in question as forest
reserve prior to the issuance of the concerned free patent. Moreover, it was also established that therein
subject property was already conveyed to an innocent purchaser for value, Saad Agro-Industries, Inc.
before the action for reversion was instituted.
In Republic of the Philippines v. CA,56 therein petitioner instituted an action to annul the certificates of
title that were issued on the basis of a null and void subdivision plan. While therein petitioner sufficiently
proved that the actual area of the disputed property was unduly enlarged in the said subdivision plan, it,
however, presented no proof that therein respondent committed fraud when it submitted the subdivision
plan to the Land Registration Commission for approval. Since the plan was presumed to have been
subjected to investigation, study and verification by said commission, there was no one to be blamed
except therein petitioner, acting through said body, itself. Thus, for having allowed and approved the
subdivision plan, the government was held to be in estoppel to question the same, and seek the
annulment of titles issued pursuant thereto. Moreover, when the action was instituted, the subdivided
properties were already sold to innocent purchasers for value. Additionally, although therein petitioner
asserted that the action was instituted to protect the integrity of the Torrens System, it was, however,
unjustifiable that it took nearly 20 years before therein petitioner acted on the matter. Verily, therein
petitioner's prolonged inaction was held as tantamount to laches.
In the instant case, it was established that Pagarigan's FPA was secured on the basis of his fraudulent
representations. The respondent cannot be faulted for having been misled into believing that an applicant
is legally qualified to be granted free patent as to render it estopped from asserting its right to recover its
own property. While the action for reversion was instituted only in 2003, the circumstances leading to the
institution of the case hardly spells inaction or neglect on the part of the respondent as to be considered
guilty of laches.
Forsooth, there was no prolonged inaction on the part of the respondent in this case. This can be gleaned
in the decision57 of the DENR Secretary. Shortly after the protestants filed a formal protest with the
Bureau on October 24, 1990, the Officer-in-Charge, Regional Executive Director (RED) of the DENR
Region XI, Davao City immediately ordered an investigation on November 15, 1990,58 and the same
commenced on November 19, 1990. On February 14, 1994, the RED issued a decision dismissing the
protestants' protest.59 Undaunted, the protestants elevated their case to the Office of the DENR
Secretary. On May 15, 1995, the DENR Secretary set-aside the RED's decision and ordered the institution
of appropriate action for the cancellation of OCT No. P-11182, and for the reversion of the property
covered thereby to the government.
The instant action does not
undermine the indefeasibility of
Torrens title
In the case of Lorzano v. Tabayag, Jr.,60 the Court reiterated that a Torrens title emanating from a free
patent which was secured through fraud does not become indefeasible because the patent from whence
the title sprung is itself void and of no effect whatsoever. Thus:
Once a patent is registered and the corresponding certificate of title is issued, the land
covered thereby ceases to be part of public domain and becomes private property, and the
Torrens Title issued pursuant to the patent becomes indefeasible upon the expiration of
one year from the date of such issuance. However, a title emanating from a free patent
which was secured through fraud does not become indefeasible, precisely because the
patent from whence the title sprung is itself void and of no effect whatsoever.61
On this point, the Court's ruling m Republic v. Heirs of Felipe Alejaga, Sr.62 is instructive:
True, once a patent is registered and the corresponding certificate of title [is] issued, the
land covered by them ceases to be part of the public domain and becomes private
CALO, Respondents. property. Further, the Torrens Title issued pursuant to the patent becomes indefeasible a
year after the issuance of the latter. However, this in defeasibility of a title does not attach
G.R. No. 226475, March 13, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE to titles secured by fraud and misrepresentation. Well-settled is the doctrine that the
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CYRUS registration of a patent under the Torrens System does not by itself vest title; it merely
VILLANUEVA Y ISORENA ALIAS "TUTOY" AND ALVIN confirms the registrant's already existing one. Verily, registration under the Torrens System
SAYSON Y ESPONCILLA ALIAS "ALVIN TALANGKA",
Accused-Appellants. is not a mode of acquiring ownership.63 (Citations omitted)

G.R. No. 200396, March 22, 2017 - MARTIN

VILLAMOR Y TAYSON, AND VICTOR BONAOBRA Y
GIANAN, Petitioners, v. PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Respondents.
G.R. No. 210289, March 20, 2017 - TSM SHIPPING
PHILS., INC. AND/OR DAMPSKIBSSELSKABET
NORDEN A/S AND/OR CAPT. CASTILLO, Petitioners,
v. LOUIE L. PATIÑO, Respondent.
G.R. No. 211504, March 08, 2017 - FEDERAL
BUILDERS, INC., Petitioner, v. POWER FACTORS,
INC., Respondent.
A fraudulently acquired free patent
may only be assailed by the
government in an action for
reversion
Nonetheless, a free patent that was fraudulently acquired, and the certificate of title issued pursuant to
the same, may only be assailed by the government in an action for reversion, pursuant to Section 101 of
the Public Land Act. In Sherwill Development Corporation v. Sitio Sto. Niño Residents Association, Inc.,64
the Court pointed out that:

G.R. No. 183399, March 20, 2017 - ROGEL ORTIZ,
Petitioner, v. DHL PHILIPPINES CORPORATION, ET
AL., Respondents.
G.R. No. 182409, March 20, 2017 - FELIX PLAZO
URBAN POOR SETTLERS COMMUNITY ASSOCIATION,
INC., Petitioner, v. ALFREDO LIPAT, SR. AND
ALFREDO LIPAT, JR., Respondents.
G.R. No. 227155, March 28, 2017 - JOEL T.
MATURAN, Petitioner, v. COMMISSION ON
ELECTIONS AND ALLAN PATIÑO, Respondents.
It is also to the public interest that one who succeeds in fraudulently acquiring title to a
public land should not be allowed to benefit therefrom, and the State should, therefore,
have an even existing authority, thru its duly-authorized officers, to in quire into the
circumstances surrounding the issuance of any such title, to the end that the Republic,
thru the Solicitor General or any other officer who may be authorized by law, may file the
corresponding action for the reversion of the land involved to the public domain, subject
thereafter to disposal to other qualified persons in accordance with law. In other words,
the indefeasibility of a title over land previously public is not a bar to an investigation by
the Director of Lands as to how such title has been acquired, if the purpose of such
investigation is to determine whether or not fraud had been committed in securing such
title in order that the appropriate action for reversion may be filed by the Government.65

G.R. No. 197762, March 07, 2017 - CAREER

EXECUTIVE SERVICE BOARD REPRESENTED BY
CHAIRPERSON BERNARDO P. ABESAMIS, EXECUTIVE WHEREFORE, the petition is hereby DENIED. The Decision dated June 30, 2011 and Resolution dated
DIRECTOR MA. ANTHONETTE VELASCO-ALLONES, November 14, 2011 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. CV No. 01753-MIN are AFFIRMED.
AND DEPUTY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ARTURO M.
LACHICA, Petitioner, v. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION SO ORDERED.
REPRESENTED BY CHAIRMAN FRANCISCO T. DUQUE
III AND PUBLIC ATTORNEY'S OFFICE, CHIEF PUBLIC
Velasco, Jr., (Chairperson), Peralta,* Bersamin, and Tijam, JJ., concur.
ATTORNEY PERSIDA V. RUEDA-ACOSTA, DEPUTY
CHIEF PUBLIC ATTORNEYS MACAPANGCAT A. MAMA,
Endnotes:
SYLVESTRE A. MOSING, REGIONAL PUBLIC
ATTORNEYS CYNTHIA M. VARGAS, FRISCO F.
DOMALSIN, TOMAS B. PADILLA, RENATO T. CABRIDO, *
SALVADOR S. HIPOLITO, ELPIDIO C. BACUYAG, Designated additional Member per Raffle dated February 15, 2017 vice Associate Justice
DIOSDADO S. SAVELLANO, RAMON N. GOMEZ, MARIE Francis H. Jardeleza.
G-REE R. CALINAWAN, FLORENCIO M. DILOY,
EDGARDO D. GONZALEZ, NUNILA P. GARCIA, 1Rollo, pp. 20-41.
FRANCIS A. CALATRAVA, DATUMANONG A.
DUMAMBA, EDGAR Q. BALANSAG, PUBLIC ATTORNEY 2 Penned by Associate Justice Edgardo T. Lloren, with Associate Justices Romulo V. Borja
IV MARVIN R. OSIAS, PUBLIC ATTORNEY IV HOWARD
and Carmelita S. Manahan concurring; id. at 79-92.
B. AREZA, PUBLIC ATTORNEY IV IMELDA C. ALFORTE-
GANANCIAL, Respondents.
3 Id. at 59-60.
G.R. No. 224295, March 22, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ARIEL S. 4 Rendered by Presiding Judge Emmanuel C. Carpio; CA rollo, pp. 50-56.
MENDOZA, Accused-Appellant.
5 Records, Vol. I, pp. 243-244.
G.R. No. 206590, March 27, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MYRNA GAYOSO Y
6Rollo, p. 45.
ARGUELLES, Accused-Appellant.

G.R. No. 213500, March 15, 2017 - OFFICE OF THE 7 Records, Vol. I, p. 240.
OMBUDSMAN AND THE FACT-FINDING
INVESTIGATION BUREAU (FFIB), OFFICE OF THE 8 Records, Vol. II, pp. 434-435.
DEPUTY OMBUDSMAN FOR THE MILITARY AND
OTHER LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICES (MOLEO),
9Rollo, p. 45.
Petitioners, v. PS/SUPT. RAINIER A. ESPINA,
Respondent.
10 Id.
G.R. No. 185627, March 15, 2017 - SPOUSES
BERNARDITO AND ARSENIA GAELA (DECEASED), 11 Records Vol. I, pp. 245-246.
SUBSTITUTED BY HER HEIRS NAMELY: BERNARDITO
GAELA AND JOSELINE E. PAGUIRIGAN, Petitioners, v.
12 Complaint for Injunction with Application for the Issuance of Temporary Restraining
SPOUSES TAN TIAN HEANG AND SALLY TAN,
Respondents. Order and/or Preliminary Injunction, Damages and Attorney's fees.

G.R. No. 198799, March 20, 2017 - BANK OF THE 13Rollo, p. 46.
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Petitioner, v. AMADO M.
MENDOZA AND MARIA MARCOS VDA. DE MENDOZA, 14
Respondents. Id. at 150-154.

15 Id. at 153-154.
G.R. No. 213020, March 20, 2017 - PUERTO AZUL
LAND, INC. AND TERNATE UTILITIES, INC.,
Petitioners, v. EXPORT INDUSTRY BANK, INC., 16 Records, Vol. II, p. 436.
(FORMERLY NAMED URBAN BANK, INC.), THROUGH
ITS TRUST DEPARTMENT (FORMERLY NAMED URBAN 17Rollo,
TRUST DEPARTMENT); PACIFIC WIDE HOLDINGS, p. 46.
INCORPORATED; PHILIPPINE BUSINESS BANK -
18 Id. at 47.
TRUST AND INVESTMENT CENTER; HON. RACQUELEN
ABARY-VASQUEZ, IN HER CAPACITY AS EXECUTIVE
JUDGE, AND ATTY. MARIVIC S. TIBAYAN, IN HER 19 Rendered by Judge Isaac G. Robillo, Jr., id. at 154A-157.
CAPACITY AS CLERK OF COURT AND EX-OFFICIO
SHERIFF, BOTH OF THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT OF 20
PASAY CITY, Respondents. Id. at 156-157.

21 Records, Vol. I, pp. 3-11.

G.R. No. 192345, March 29, 2017 - LAND BANK OF
THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. SPOUSES ESTEBAN
AND CRESENCIA CHU, Respondents. 22 CA rollo, pp. 50-56.
G.R. No. 193828, March 27, 2017 - REPUBLIC OF 23
THE PHILIPPINES, REPRESENTED BY THE MANILA Id. at 56.
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY (MIAA),
24Rollo, pp. 79-92.
Petitioner, v. HEIRS OF ELADIO SANTIAGO C/O
SABAS SANTIAGO AND JERRY T. YAO, Respondents.
25 Id. at 91-92.
G.R. No. 227398, March 22, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ANASTACIO 26
HEMENTIZA Y DELA CRUZ, Accused-Appellant. CA rollo, pp. 194-198.

27 Id. at 174-191.
G.R. No. 205855, March 29, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. KING REX A.
AMBATANG, Accused-Appellant. 28 ld. at 201-206.
 G.R. No. 215742, March 22, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE 29Rollo, pp. 59-60.
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOSE BELMAR
UMAPAS Y CRISOSTOMO, Accused-Appellants. 30 490 Phil. 774 (2005).
G. R. No. 184917, March 13, 2017 - JESSIE M.
31 534 Phil. 648 (2006).
DOROTEO (DECEASED), REPRESENTED BY HIS
SISTER, LUCIDA D. HERMIS, Petitioner, v. PHILIMARE
INCORPORATED, BONIFACIO GOMEZ, AND/OR FIL 32Rollo, pp. 23-24.
CARGO SHIPPING CORP., Respondents.; G. R. No.
184932, March 13, 2017 - PHILIMARE 33
INCORPORATED, BONIFACIO GOMEZ, AND/OR FIL Supra note 31.
CARGO SHIPPING CORP., Petitioners, v. JESSIE M.
34Republicof the Philippines v. Mega Pacific eSolutions, Inc., et al., G.R. No. 184666,
DOROTEO (DECEASED), REPRESENTED BY HIS
SISTER, LUCIDA D. HERMIS, Respondent. June 27, 2016, citing Calalang v. Register of Deeds of Quezon City, 301 Phil. 91, 103-
104 (1994); Rodriguez v. Philippine Airlines, Inc., G.R. No. 178501, January 11, 2016,
G.R. No. 211335, March 27, 2017 - MST MARINE 778 SCRA 334, 376-377; Facura, et al. v. CA, et al., 658 Phil. 554, 587 (2011).
SERVICES (PHILIPPINES), INC., THOME SHIP
MANAGEMENT PTE LTD. AND/OR ALFONSO RANJO 35 271 Phil. 768 (1991).
DEL CASTILLO, Petitioners, v. TEODY D. ASUNCION,
Respondents.
36 Id. at 783-784.
A.C. No. 5333, March 13, 2017 - ROSA YAP PARAS,
Complainant, v. JUSTO DE JESUS PARAS, Respondent. 37 301 Phil. 91 (1994).

G.R. No. 180654, March 06, 2017 - NATIONAL 38 Id. at 103-104.

POWER CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. PROVINCIAL
GOVERNMENT OF BATAAN, SANGGUNIANG
39Republic of the Philippines v. Mega Pacific eSolutions, Inc., et. al., supra note 34.
PANLALAWIGAN OF BATAAN, PASTOR B. VICHUACO
(IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS PROVINCIAL
TREASURER OF BATAAN) AND THE REGISTER OF 40Rollo, pp. 155-156.
DEEDS OF THE PROVINCE OF BATAAN, Respondents.
41 Black's Law Dictionary, 8th Ed., p. 849.
A.C. No. 11043, March 08, 2017 - LIANG FUJI,
Complainant, v. ATTY. GEMMA ARMI M. DELA CRUZ,
42Court's First Division Resolution dated July 1, 2015 in G.R. No. 169952 entitled Nereo J.
Respondent.
Paculdo v. Bonifacio C. Regalado.
G.R. No. 207146, March 15, 2017 - SPOUSES LARRY
AND ROSARITA WILLIAMS, Petitioners, v. RAINERO 43Presidential Decree No. 1529, Section 48.
A. ZERDA, Respondent.
44Noblado v. Alfonso, G.R. No. 189229, November 23, 2015, 775 SCRA 178, 187-188.
G.R. No. 195021, March 15, 2017 - NICOLAS
VELASQUEZ AND VICTOR VELASQUEZ, Petitioners, v.
45Rollo, p. 153.
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

G.R. No. 188400, March 08, 2017 - MARIA TERESA 46 Id. at 88.
B. TANI-DE LA FUENTE, Petitioner, v. RODOLFO DE LA
FUENTE, JR., Respondent. 47 Id. at 88-89.
G.R. No. 214757, March 29, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE
48 Id. at 26.
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. TIRSO SIBBU,
Accused-Appellant.
49Spouses Pudadera v. Magallanes, et al., 647 Phil. 655, 673 (2010).
G.R. No. 189218, March 22, 2017 - OUR LADY OF
LOURDES HOSPITAL, Petitioner, v. SPOUSES ROMEO 50
AND REGINA CAPANZANA, Respondents. Rollo, pp. 154A-155.

51 G.R. Nos. 185857-58, June 29, 2016.

G.R. No. 225593, March 20, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. PALA TOUKYO Y
PADEP, Accused-Appellant. 52 Id., citing Spouses Bautista v. Silva, 533 Phil. 627, 638-639 (2006).
G.R. No. 186088, March 22, 2017 - WILTON DY 53Spouses
AND/OR PHILITES ELECTRONIC & LIGHTING Yu v. Pacleb, et al. 599 Phil. 354, 366 (2009), citing Revilla and Fajardo v.
PRODUCTS, Petitioner, v. KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS Galindez, 107 Phil. 480, 485 (1960).
ELECTRONICS, N.V., Respondent.
54 Supra note 31.
G.R. No. 178591, March 29, 2017 - SM SYSTEMS
CORPORATION (FORMERLY SPRINGSUN 55 361 Phil. 319 (1999).
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS CORPORATION), Petitioner,
v. OSCAR CAMERINO, EFREN CAMERINO, CORNELIO 56
MANTILE, DOMINGO ENRIQUEZ AND HEIRS OF Id.
NOLASCO DEL ROSARIO, Respondents.
57Rollo, pp. 150-154 .
G.R. No. 224943, March 20, 2017 - JORGE B.
NAVARRA, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE 58 Records, Vol. I, p. 247.
PHILIPPINES, Respondent.
59 Id. at 150.
G.R. No. 181984, March 20, 2017 - REPUBLIC OF
THE PHILIPPINES THROUGH ITS TRUSTEE, THE
PRIVATIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OFFICE, 60 681 Phil. 39 (2012).
Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE INTERNATIONAL
CORPORATION, Respondent. 61 Id. at 52-53.
G.R. No. 215820, March 20, 2017 - ERLINDA 62
DINGLASAN DELOS SANTOS AND HER DAUGHTERS, 441 Phil. 656 (2002).
NAMELY, VIRGINIA, AUREA, AND BINGBING, ALL
SURNAMED DELOS SANTOS, Petitioners, v. ALBERTO 63 Id. at 674.
ABEJON AND THE ESTATE OF TERESITA DINGLASAN
ABEJON, Respondents. 64 500 Phil. 288 (2005).
G.R. No. 193887, March 29, 2017 - SPOUSES 65
DENNIS ORSOLINO AND MELODY ORSOLINO, Id. at 299-300, citing Republic of the Philippines v. CA, 262 Phil. 677, 685 (1990).
Petitioners, v. VIOLETA FRANY, Respondents.

G.R. No. 226622, March 14, 2017 - COMMISSION

ON ELECTIONS, Petitioner, v. BAI HAIDY D.
MAMALINTA, Respondent.

G.R. No. 200285, March 20, 2017 - FELIX B. TIU,

Petitioner, v. SPOUSES JACINTO JANGAS AND Back to Home | Back to Main
PETRONILA MERTO​ JANGAS, MARIA G. ORTIZ,
MELENCIO ORTIZ, MERLA M. KITANE, PACITO
KITANE, CANDELARIA RUSIANA, RODRIGO RUSIANA,
JUANA T. JALANDONI, ADELAIDA P. RAGAY AND QUICK SEARCH
TEOFISTO RAGAY, SR., Respondents.

G.R. No. 225608, March 13, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE

PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ALBERTO
ALEJANDRO Y RIGOR AND JOEL ANGELES Y DE 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908
JESUS, Accused-Appellants. 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916

G.R. No. 193719, March 21, 2017 - SAMSON R. 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924
PACASUM, SR., Petitioner, v. ATTY. MARIETTA D. 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932
ZAMORANOS, Respondent.
1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940
G.R. No. 206103, March 29, 2017 - LYDIA LAVAREZ, 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948
MARGARITA LAVAREZ, WILFREDO LAVAREZ,
GREGORIO LAVAREZ, LOURDES LAVAREZ- 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956
SALVACION, NORLIE LAVAREZ,* G.J. LAVAREZ, GIL 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
LAVAREZ, AND GAY NATALIE LAVAREZ, 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972
PETITIONERS, GODOFREDO LAVAREZ, LETICIA
LAVAREZ, LUIS LAVAREZ, REMEDIOS V. ZABALLERO, 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980
JOSEPHINE V. ZABALLERO FERNANDO V. ZABALLERO, 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
VALENTA V. ZABALLERO, MILAGROS Z. VERGARA,
VALETA Z. REYES, AMADO R. ZABALLERO, EMMANUEL 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
R. ZABALLERO, AND FLORENTINO R. ZABALLERO, 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Petitioners, v. ANGELES S. GUEVARRA, AUGUSTO
SEVILLA, JR., ASTERIA S. YRA, ANTONIO SEVILLA, 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
ALBERTO SEVILLA, ADELINA S. ALVAREZ, ARISTEO 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
SEVILLA AND THE REGISTER OF DEEDS OF LUCENA
CITY, Respondents.

G.R. No. 188467, March 29, 2017 - RENATO MA. R.

PERALTA, Petitioner, v. JOSE ROY RAVAL,
Respondent.; G.R. No. 188764 - JOSE ROY B. RAVAL,
Petitioner, v. RENATO MA. R. PERALTA, Respondent. Main Indices of the Library ---> Go!

A.M. No. 14-10-339-RTC, March 07, 2017 - RE:

FINDINGS ON THE JUDICIAL AUDIT CONDUCTED IN
REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 8, LA TRINIDAD,
BENGUET.; A.M. No. RTJ-16-2446 [FORMERLY A.M.
No. 14-3-53-RTC] - OFFICE OF THE COURT
ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v. JUDGE MARYBELLE
L. DEMOT​MARIÑAS, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT,
BRANCH 8, LA TRINIDAD, BENGUET, Respondent.

G.R. No. 216120, March 29, 2017 - PHILIPPINE

TRUST COMPANY (ALSO KNOWN AS PHILTRUST
BANK), Petitioner, v. REDENTOR R. GABINETE,
SHANGRILA REALTY CORPORATION AND ELISA T.
TAN, Respondents.

G.R. No. 205745, March 08, 2017 - CAPISTRANO

DAAYATA, DEXTER SALISI, AND BREGIDO MALACAT,
JR., Petitioners, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES,
Respondent.

G.R. No. 205657, March 29, 2017 - INTERNATIONAL

EXCHANGE BANK NOW UNION BANK OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. SPOUSES JEROME AND
QUINNIE BRIONES, AND JOHN DOE, Respondents.

G.R. No. 191545, March 29, 2017 - HEIRS OF

AUGUSTO SALAS, JR., REPRESENTED BY TERESITA D.
SALAS, Petitioners, v. MARCIANO CABUNGCAL,
SERAFIN CASTILLO, DOMINGO M. MANTUANO,
MANOLITO D. BINAY, MARIA M. CABUNGCAL, REMON
C. RAMOS, NENITA R. BINAY, DOMINGO L.
MANTUANO, NENITA L. GUERRA, ROSALINA B.
MANTUANO, DOMINADOR C. CASTILLO, LEALINEM.
CABUNGCAL, ALBERTO CAPULOY, ALFREDO
VALENCIA, MARIA L. VALENCIA, GERARDO GUERRA,
GREGORIO M. LATAYAN, REMEDIOS M.
GUEVARRA,JOSE C. BASCONCILLO, APLONAR
TENORIO, JULIANA V. SUMAYA, ANTONIO C.
HERNANDEZ, VERONICA MILLENA, TERSITA D.C.
CASTILLO, DANTE M. LUSTRE, EFIPANIO M.
CABUNGCAL, NESTOR V. LATINA, NENITA LLORCA,
ROMEL L. LOMIDA, MARILOU CASTILLO, RUBEN
CASTILLO, ARNOLD MANALO, RICARDO CAPULOY,
AMELITA CALIMBAS, ROSALITA C. ELFANTE, LANIE
CAMPIT, RODILLO RENTON, RUSTICO AMAZONA,
LUZVIMINDA DE OCAMPO, DANILO DE OCAMPO, JOSE
DARWIN LISTANCO, NEMESIO CABUNGCAL, RENATO
ALZATE, BERNARDO AQUINO, RODRIGO CABUNGCAL,
CHONA G. AGUILA, ROSA M. MANTUANO, ALLAN M.
LUSTRE, FELIPE LOQUEZ, DOMINGO MANALO,
DOMINADOR M. MANALO, JENNIFER H. MALIBIRAN,
FELIXBERTO RITAN, LEONILA FERRER, TOMAS M.
LORENO, CELSO VALENCIA, CONSTANTINO LUSTRE,
REYNALDO C. MALIBIRAN, ORLANDO C. MALIBIRAN,
RICARDO LLAMOSO AND SANTA DIMAYUGA,
REPRESENTED BY JOSE C. BASCONILLO,
Respondents.

G.R. No. 220940, March 20, 2017 - JOY VANESSA M.

SEBASTIAN, Petitioner, v. SPOUSES NELSON C. CRUZ
AND CRISTINA P. CRUZ AND THE REGISTER OF
DEEDS FOR THE PROVINCE OF PANGASINAN,
Respondents.

G.R. No. 212161, March 29, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE

PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JUANITO
ENTRAMPAS, Accused-Appellant.

G.R. No. 214536, March 13, 2017 - MEDEL CORONEL

Y SANTILLAN, RONALDO PERMEJO Y ABARQUEZ,
NESTOR VILLAFUERTE Y SAPIN AND JOANNE
OLIVAREZ Y RAMOS, Petitioners, v. PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

G.R. No. 225965, March 13, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE

PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. PUYAT
MACAPUNDAG Y LABAO, Accused-Appellant.

G.R. No. 188681, March 08, 2017 - FRANCISCO T.

BACULI, Petitioner, v. OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT,
Respondent.; G.R. No. 201130, March 8, 2017 - THE
SECRETARY OF AGRARIAN REFORM, AND THE
REGIONAL DIRECTOR OF AGRARIAN REFORM,
REGION 2, Petitioners, v. FRANCISCO T. BACULI,
Respondent.

G.R. No. 220054, March 27, 2017 - DEOGRACIA

VALDERRAMA, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, AND JOSEPHINE ABL VIGDEN,
Respondents.

G.R. No. 216015, March 27, 2017 - PEOPLE OF THE

PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JESUSANO
ARCENAL Y AGUILAN, Accused-Appellants.
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