Electric Propulsion System

Power Part

December 2009
 What is E.P.S ?
What are the Pros & Cons ?
What advantages for an LNG ship ?

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 Electric Propulsion

1 main switchboard in 2 sections

PWM converters
(bus tie normally closed)

DECK 3
Power generation

DECK 2

DECK 1

LNG Video Presentation Propulsion 2-secondary transformer

motor for converter
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Propulsion architecture 2/2

Shaft line, converter & transformer redundancy

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 Integrated Electrical Propulsion

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 Where does Electric Propulsion applies ?

Pros & Cons and Applications of Electric Propulsion

Electric / Mechanical Losses
Low noise and vibration

Speed Reduction Gear # 1,5 – 2 %
Cruise & Passenger ships

Electric Motor # 2 – 2,7 %
Navy & Research Vessels

Converter # 1 – 1,1 %

Transformer # 1,4 – 2 %

Flexibility
Flexibility / Efficiency of Power

in Machinery Arrangement Plant

Equipments are linked by cables
Dual Fuel (Gas / Diesel) Engines
LNG carriers

Higher availability / safety
Generators connected on power

Redundancy, separation of equipments demand (optimised efficiency of DG)

Manoeuvrability

Due to fast & accurate response
of Electric System

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General Power Architecture

Fixed frequency Converter

60 Hz ( Variable Frequency Drive )
AC Network Propulsion
DC Link Electric
voltage transformer Motor

Network Bridge

Machine Bridge
Propeller

M
Variable
frequency Speed Reduction
Switchboard

Gear

Other Electric Consumers

Diesel
G Engine

Electric Generators Power Plant

Diesel
G Engine

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 Basic Principles of Frequency Converters

AC Network Network Bridge Machine Bridge

DC Link
~ =
M
= ~ Variable
Fixed frequency frequency
60 Hz

The speed of the motor directly depends on the electric frequency with which it is fed,
thus the need of variable frequency

The direction of rotation depends of the phase sequence with which the motor is fed :
1-2-3 (U-V-W) or 1-3-2 (U-W-V)
The inversion of sequence is done by the control system of the machine bridge

The motor is running in :

 motor mode, when it is driving the propeller
 generator mode, when it is driven by the propeller (wake effect)
(provided the excitation or magnetising current, is maintained)

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Basic Principles of Frequency Converters

AC Network Network Bridge Machine Bridge

DC Link
~ =
M
= ~ Variable
Fixed frequency frequency
60 Hz

Motor mode (the motor is driving the propeller)

 The energy is flowing from the AC network to the motor
 The Network Bridge is “rectifier”, converting AC into DC
 The Machine Bridge is “inverter”, converting DC into AC

Generator mode (the motor is driven by the propeller, wake effect or crash stop transient sequence)
(This mode requires that the excitation, or magnetising current, of the motor, be maintained)
 The energy is flowing from the motor to the Machine Bridge
 The Machine Bridge becomes “rectifier”
 If the Network Bridge is “active” it can become “inverter”, sending back energy to
the network, otherwise a dissipating resistor will be needed

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Basic Principles of Frequency Converters

More details on the converter

Here the network bridge is “passive”, built with diodes
Only the machine bridge is “active”, built with IGBT transistors,
“Active” means it has a controller, “firing” (switching ON an OFF) the
transistors
The network bridge is always “rectifier”, and the energy can only flow from
the network to the converter, thus the need of a braking resistor for the
“crash stop” sequence
As a “rectifier”, the network bridge is drawing rectangular currents from the
network, thus making some harmonic currents.
A special arrangement has been made to minimise these harmonic currents,
in order to avoid having any harmonic filter

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 Harmonic currents minimisation : 24 – pulse arrangement

°the phase angle of the

Putting two 12-pulse bridges in parallel, and shifting 15°
transformers, will shift and combine the network line currents

24 - pulse 24 - pulse

°phase shift
15° °phase shift
15°

12 - pulse 12 - pulse

°
30° °
30° °
30° °
30°

M M

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 Harmonics: 12 to 24 pulse

°phase shift
15°

12 - pulse 24 - pulse

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  MV7000 architecture

Single line diagram of the MV7000 “half-converter” From other half

DFE 12p
Diode front end DC capacitors Inverter (Mega modules)

Transformer

Motor

Power electronic controller (PEC)

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 EPS Single Line Diagram

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 Main advantages of Converteam solutions

Higher compactness
Better global efficiency

Induction motor
PF of generators (0,9)

No harmonic filters
Intrinsic efficiency of converters

Optimised switchboards (reduced Isc)
Slow speed motors

Better ability for maintenance
Fit for Marine applications

Plug & play concept for converter
Large air gap Induction Motor

Simpler motor design
Pin vent cooling design

Higher availability
Improved reliability

Induction motor
Control redundancy

Less components
Simpler motor

Half drive operation in emergency mode
Lower mechanical stress on motor
(negligible pulsating torque)

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