Dr Soe Kyaw Kyaw

(Ph D, Chemistry)

CHEMISTRY
GRADE 11

Study Guide

CHAPTER 2
GASEOUS STATE AND GAS LAWS
DrSKK PhD (Chemistry)

CHAPTER (2)
THE GASEOUS STATE AND GAS LAW

Measurable Quantities of Gases

Measureable quantities of gases are mass, volume, pressure and temperature.

Quantities Symbol Unit

Mass M g
Volume V cm , dm3
3

Pressure P mmHg, atm

Temperature T °C, K

Volume of gas
The volume of a gas = volume of container.

Pressure of a gas
The force acting on a unit area is the pressure of the gas.
Force
Pressure of gas =
Area
Temperature of a gas
At any low temperature, the particles of a gas are moving with slow speed. If the
temperature is increased, they move faster resulting in the more frequent collisions on the
container.

Gas Laws
Pressure - Volume Behavior
Boyle’s Law
When the temperature of a given mass of gas is kept constant, the volume of the gas
is inversely proportional to its pressure.

Mathematical expression
1
Vα (mass and temperature are constant)
P
1
V = constant x
P
PV = constant
P1V1 = P2V2
P = pressure of gas, V = volume of gas

Example. (1) A volume of a certain mass of a gas occupies 952 cm3 at 561 mmHg. What is the
volume under 760 mmHg at the same temperature?
DrSKK 2 PhD(Chemistry)

Volume-Temperature Behavior
Absolute Zero temperature
If the constant contraction rate is continued, the volume of the gas will become zero
at -273°C. This temperature is known as absolute zero temperature or the zero point of a
new scale temperature (Kelvin temperature).
Absolute zero temperature = -273°C or 0 K

Relation of Kelvin temperature and Celsius Temperature

TK = t°C + 273
T denoted by Kelvin temperature, t denoted by Celsius temperature

Charles’ Law
When the pressure of a given mass of gas is kept constant, the volume of the gas is
directly proportional to its temperature on the Kelvin scale.

Mathematical expression
Vα T (mass and pressure are constant)
V = constant x T
V
= constant
T
V1 V2
∴ =
T1 T2
V = volume of gas
T = Kelvin Temperature

Example (2) A certain mass of gas occupies 617 cm3 at 9°C. What is the volume at 0°C under the
same pressure?

Relationship between Pressure-Temperature of gases

When the volume of a given mass of gas is kept constant, the pressure of the gas is
directly proportional to its temperature on the Kelvin scale.

Mathematical expression
Pα T (mass and volume are constant)
P = constant x T
P
= constant
T
P1 P2
∴ =
T1 T2
P = pressure of gas, T = Kelvin Temperature

Example (3) The pressure of a gas at 27°C is 760 mmHg. What is the pressure of the gas at
37°C at constant volume?
DrSKK 3 PhD(Chemistry)

Combination of Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law

1
Boyle’s Law; Vα (m and T are constant)
P
Charles’ Law; Vα T (m and P are constant)
Combination of these laws,
T
Vα (m is constant)
P
T
V = constant x
P
PV
= constant
T
P1V1 P2 V2
∴ =
T1 T2
This equation is known as the combined gas law equation.

STP
STP means standard temperature and pressure.

Standard Condition for STP (gaseous state)

Standard temperature = 0°C or 273 K
Standard pressure = 760 mmHg or 1 atm

Example (4). At 27°C and 750 mmHg a gas occupies 380cm3. What is the volume of the gas at
STP?

Molar Volume of Gases

One mole of every gas occupies 22.4 dm3 at STP is known as molar volume of gases.

R.M.M in g = 1 mole = 22.4 dm3 at STP

e.g. H2 ⇒ 2g = 1 mole = 22.4 dm3 at STP

O2(g) ⇒ 32g = 1 mole = 22.4 dm3 at STP
CO2(g) ⇒ 44g = 1 mole = 22.4 dm3 at STP

Example (5). What is the mass of hydrogen gas enclosed in 5.6 dm3 at STP? (H = 1)

Gay-Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes of Gases

At the same temperature and pressure, the volume of reacting gases and gaseous
products are in simple ratios of small whole numbers.

Mathematical expression
Hydrogen + Nitrogen → Ammonia
3 volumes + 1volume → 2 volumes
( at the same temperature and pressure)
DrSKK 4 PhD(Chemistry)

Example (6) What will be the volume of hydrogen chloride gas when 100 cm3 of hydrogen and
50 cm3 of chlorine ar mixed? (All gases are measured at the same condition)

Avogadro’s Theory
At the same temperature and pressure, equal volume of all gases contain the same
number of molecules.
Mathematical expression
Vα n (at same temperature and pressure)
n = number of molecules.
V = volume of gas

Avogadro’s number
The number of particles as there are atoms in 12g of 12C is known as Avogadro’s
number.

Avogadro’s number = L = 6.02 x 1023

1 mole of gas = 6.02 x 1023 molecules

Relative Density of Gas

Relative density of a gas can be defined as the ratio of the mass of a volume of a gas
at a certain temperature and pressure to the mass of equal volume of hydrogen at the same
temperature and pressure.

Relative density of a gas is equivalent to half of the relative molecular mass of the gas.

Example (7) What is the relative density of CO2 ? (C = 12, O = 16)

DrSKK 5 PhD(Chemistry)

Pressure Behaviour in a Gas Mixture

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
When the temperature is kept constant, the total pressure of a gas mixture is the
sum of the partial pressure of different gases.

Mathematical expression
Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 +..........(temperature is kept constant)
Ptotal = total pressure of gas mixture
P1, P2, P3,.. = partial pressure of different gas

Pressure of Dry gas

Ptotal = Pdry gas + PH2O

Ptotal = pressure of gas when collected over water

PH2O = water vapour pressure

Example (7) The pressure of hydrogen collected over water at 27°C is 776.7 mmHg. The
vapour pressure of water at 27°C is 26.7 mmHg. What is the pressure of dry
hydrogen at 27oC?

Diffusion of gas
The process by which the molecules of one gas spreads through the spaces created
between the molecules of another gas is known as diffusion.

Graham’s Law of Gaseous Diffusion

At the same temperature and pressure, the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely
proportional to the square root of the density of the gas.

Mathematical expression
1
r α (at the same temperature and pressure)
d
1
r = constant x
d
r d = constant
r1 d1 = r1 d1 or r1 M1 = r1 M1
r1 d2 r1 M2
= or =
r2 d1 r2 M1

volume(cm3 )
r = rate of diffusion of gas (cm3 s-1) =
Time(s)
d = density of gas (g dm-3), M = molar mass (gmol-1)
DrSKK 6 PhD(Chemistry)

Example (8) What is the relative molecular mass of the gas that diffuses 4 times as fast as
oxygen? What is the molar mass of that gas? (O=16)

Chemical Calculations
Mole concepts

Example (10). You are provided with 11.2 dm3 of hydrogen at STP.
Find the amount of hydrogen in (i) moles (ii) molecules (iii) gram (iv) amu.
(H = 1)

Example (11). 8 g of oxygen gas is given.

Calculate the following: (i) moles (ii) molecules (iii) volume in dm3 at STP (iv)
density of oxygen gas at STP (v) relative density of oxygen. (O = 16)

Notes for Objectives

Measurable Quantities of Gases
1. A gaseous substance consists of very small particles.
2. The particles of the gas are widely spaced and free to move in any direction.
3. The gas spreads itself uniformly through out any container.
4. The particles of gas are freely moving within the whole space of container.
5. The particles of gases are always in constant and rapid motion.
6. During the motion, the particles of a gas collide with each other and also with the walls of the
container.
7. Hitting the walls of the container by the particles is actually the force on it.
8. The force acting on a unit area is the pressure of the gas.
9. At any low temperature, the particles of a gas are moving with slow speed.
10. If the temperature is increased, they move faster resulting in the more frequent collisions on
the container.
11. Variation of temperatures can affect the pressure and volume of the gas.
DrSKK 7 PhD(Chemistry)

12. The increase in the temperature makes the particles to move with greater speed and greater
force or pressure on the walls of the container.

Gas Law
Boyle’s Law
1. Boyle’s law showed the relation of gas volume and pressure.
2. Factors kept constant in Boyle’s law are mass and temperature.
3. The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.

Charles’ Law
1. Charles’ law showed the relation of gas volume and temperature.
2. Factors kept constant in Charles’ law are mass and pressure.
3. The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature.
4. The volume of a given mass of gas varies with temperature.
5. A volume of gas contracts when cooled.
6. A volume of gas expands when it is heated.
7. Absolute zero temperature is -273oC or 0K.
8. The pressure of a gas in a closed container will increase when it is heated.
9. The volume of the gas decrease regularly with regular decrease of temperature.

Relative density of gas

1. Relative density of gas = 1/2 x relative molecular mass of gas
2. The relative density of a gas is directly proportional to its relative molecular mass.

Dalton’s Law
1. The total pressure of a gas mixture is related to the partial pressures of each gas if the
individual gas is inert to one another.
2. Dalton’s law of partial pressures cannot be applied when the gases do not react on mixing.
(H2 and Cl2, NH3 and HCl)

Graham’s Law of gaseous diffusion

1. Particles of gases are always in constant and rapid motion.
2. The lightest gas diffuses falser than the heavier one.

Mole Concept
1. 1 mole = RMM in g
2. 1 molecule = RMM in amu
3. 6.02 x 1023 molecules = RMM in g

For Short Question

(Relation between Pressure and Temperature)
The increase in the temperature makes the particles to move with greater speed and
greater force or pressure on the walls of the container. Therefore, when a volume of given mass
of gas is heated, the pressure of the gas increases with the increase of temperature.
DrSKK 8 PhD(Chemistry)

Questions and Problems

Question No. 6 and No.7

Name Gas Laws and Related Problems

1. What are the measurable quantities?
2. Which law represents each of the following statements?
(i) The pressure of a gas will increase when it is heated.
(ii) The pressure of the mixture of gases due to the sum of the partial pressures of the
individual gases.
(iii) When the volume of a gas increased, its pressure decreases under constant temperature.
(iv) The volumes of reacting gases and gaseous products are in simple ratios of small whole
numbers.
(v) The same volume of different gases at constant temperature and pressure contains the
same number of molecules.
(vi) A lighter gas diffuses faster than a heavier one.
(vii) A volume of gas expands when it is heated.
3. Which law represents the given statement? Write down its mathematical equation.
(a) “When the temperature is kept constant, the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of
the partial pressures of different gases”.
(b) “At the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain the same
number of molecules”.
(c) “At the same temperature and pressure, the volume of reacting gases and gaseous
products are in simple ratios of small whole number”.
(d) “At the same temperature and pressure, the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely
proportional to the square root of density of a gas.”
(e) “When the pressure of a given mass of gas is kept constant, the volume the gas is
directly proportional to its temperature on the Kelvin scale.”
4. What two factors (or conditions) are kept constant on the following laws? (Just name it).(i)
Avogadro’s theory (ii) Boyle’s law
(iii) Charles’ Law (iv) Grahams’ Law.
5. If the absolute temperature (TK) of a given mass of a gas is double at constant pressure.
What is will be the change in volume? Name the law.
6. Which law represents relationship between temperature and volume?
7. What do you think, a volume of a given mass of gas when heated, pressure of the gas
increases with the increase of temperature?

Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law and Combine Gas Law Problems

8. The volume of certain mass of a gas occupies 968 cm3 at 515 mmHg. What is the volume
under 768 mmHg at the same temperature?
9. A certain mass of gas occupies 650 cm3 at 20°C. What is the volume at 0°C under the same
pressure?
10. Derive the equation for the combination of Boyle’s law and Charles’ law.
11. At 25°C and 740 mm Hg, a gas occupies 380 cm3. What is the volume of the gas at STP?
12. If a gas occupies 450 cm3 volume at 27oC and 710 mmHg, calculate the volume of the gas in
dm3 at STP.
DrSKK 9 PhD(Chemistry)

13. A certain mass of gas occupies 942 cm3 at 22°C. At what temperature in °C with the gas
occupy 311 cm3 the same pressure?
14. The volume of a gas will become zero at - 273oC. Which temperature scale represents this
statement? Write down the relation of Kelvin temperature and Celsius temperature.

Gay-Lussac’s Law Problems

15. What will be the volume of hydrogen chloride gas when 100 cm3 of hydrogen and 50 cm3 of
chlorine are mixed? (All gases are measured at the same condition).
16. What will be the volume of ammonia gas when 75 cm3 of hydrogen and 50 cm3 of nitrogen
are mixed? (All gases are measured at the same condition).

Dalton’s Law and Related Problems

17. Total pressure of oxygen and acetylene gas storage tank is 7400 mm Hg. The pressure of
oxygen is 3400 mm Hg. What is the pressure of acetylene gas?
18. The pressure of hydrogen collected over water at 27°C is 778.2 mm Hg. The vapour pressure
of water at 27°C is 26.6 mmHg. What is the pressure of dry hydrogen?
19. The volume of a certain mass of gas collected over water is 227 cm3 at 12°C and 762 mm Hg.
Vapour pressure of water at 12°C is 10.5 mm Hg. What could be the volume of dry gas at
15°C and 757 mm Hg.
20. 0.2 g of a gas occupies a volume of 185 cm3 measured over water at 760 mmHg and 22oC.
Vapour Pressure of water at 22oC is 21 mmHg. What is the volume of dry gas at STP?
21. 0.21 g of a gas occupies a volume of 186 cm3 measured over water at 766 mmHg and 23oC.
Vapour pressure of water at 23oC is 21.1 mmHg. What is the approximate molecular mass of
the gas?

Graham’s Law and Related Problems

22. Which are diffuses faster in each of the following pairs under comparable conditions?
(i) 235UF6 and 238UF6 (ii) N2 and CO
(iii) CO2 and NO2 (iv) SO2 and H2S
(v) N2 and O2 (vi) He and Ne
(N = 14, C = 12, O = 16, S = 32, Ne = 20, He=4, H = 1)
23. Hydrogen gas diffuses 8 times as fast as an unknown gas. What is the relative molecular
mass of the gas? (H=1)
24. Helium gas diffuses 6 times as fast as an unknown gas. What is the molecular mass of the
gas? (He=4)
25. What is the relative molecular mass of the gas that diffuses 4 times as fast as oxygen? What
is the molar mass of the gas? (O = 16)
26. Helium gas diffuses twice as fast as gas X. What is the molar mass and relative density of the
gas? (He =4)
27. Find out the relative molecular mass of the gas that diffuses 4 times as fast as sulphur
dioxide. (S=32, O=16)
28. What is the relative rate of diffusion of hydrogen and oxygen? (H=1, O=16)
29. What is the relative rate of diffusion of helium and sulphur dioxide?
(He=4, S=32, O=16)
DrSKK 10 PhD(Chemistry)

30. If it takes 1 minute for 50 cm3 of oxygen to diffuse through a pinhole, how long will it take
for the same volume of hydrogen to diffuse through the same hole? (O = 16, H = 1)
31. 100 cm3 of CO2 diffused through a pin hole in 1 minute. How long will it take for the same
volume of propane (C3H8) to diffuse the same hole? (C=12, O=16, H=1)
32. If it takes 100 cm3 of SO2 gas through a pin hole for 20 minutes, how long will it take for the
same volume of helium to diffuse through the same hole? (S=32, O=16, He=4)
33. If it takes 1 minute for 55 cm3 of hydrogen to diffuse through a pinhole, how long will it take
for the same volume of nitrogen to diffuse through the same hole? (O = 16, H = 1)

Mole Concept (Chemical Calculations) and Related Problems

34. What is the relative density of SO2 and CO2? (S=32, C = 12, O = 16)
35. 4.0 g of oxygen gas is given. Calculate the amount of oxygen in moles, molecules, volume in
dm3 at STP and density of oxygen at STP.
36. What is the mass of hydrogen gas enclosed in 2.8 dm3 at STP? (H =1)
37. What is the mass of nitrogen gas enclosed in 11.2 dm3 at STP? (n = 14)
38. What is the mass of oxygen gas enclosed in 5.6 dm3 at STP? (O = 16)
39. What is the mass of SO2 enclosed in 5.6 dm3 at STP? (S=32, O=16)
40. How many molecules are there in 5.6 dm3 of hydrogen at STP? (H=1)
41. How many molecules are there in 11.2 dm3 of carbon dioxide at STP?
42. How many molecules are there in 16 g of sulphur? (S = 32)
43. You are provided with 5.6 dm3 of oxygen gas at STP. Find the amount oxygen in amu.
(O=16)
44. A gas the the relative density of 22 is given
(i) Find the relative molecular mass.
(ii) What is the mass of one mole of the gas in gram?
(iii) What volume at STP would the gas occupy by 22 g of that gas?
45. A gas the the relative density of 44 is given.
(i) Find the relative molecular mass.
(ii) What is the mass of two moles of the gas in gram?
(iii) What volume at STP would the gas occupy by 44 g of that gas?
46. 16 g of sulphur dioxide occupies 5.6 dm3 at STP. What is relative molecular mass of sulphur
dioxide?
47. A gas with mass 12 g occupies a volume of 5.6 dm3 at STP. What is the relative molecular
mass of the gas?
48. A 2.24 dm3 of gas at STP weight 7.8 g. What is the relative molecular mass of that gas?
49. A gas with volume of 5.6 dm3 weights 7 g. What is relative molecular mass of gas?
50. One mole of a gas occupies 27 Liters and its density is 1.41 gL-1 at a particular temperature
and pressure. What is the molecular weight? What is the density of the gas at STP?
51. One mole of a gas occupies 25 Liters and its density is 1.82 gL-1 at a particular temperature
and pressure. What is the molecular weight? What is the density of the gas at STP?
52. How many grams are there in (i) 5 moles of carbon dioxide, CO2, (ii) 0.1 mole of calcium
carbonate and (iii) A 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms? (C=12, O=16, Ca=40)
DrSKK 11 PhD(Chemistry)

Chemical Equations and Gas Law Related Problems

53. How many grams of zinc will have to be treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to liberate 1.85
dm3 of hydrogen at 27oC and 750 mmHg? (Zn= 65)
54. How many grams of sodium carbonate will have to be traded with dilute hydrochloric acid to
liberate 1.15 dm3 of carbon dioxide at 22oC and 755 mmHg? (Na =23, C = 12, O =16)
55. 10 g of calcium carbonate is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid. The liberated gas
measured at 27oC and 750 mmHg is 1.85 dm3. Find the percentage purity of calcium
carbonate. (C=12, O=16, Ca=40)

Objective Questions
A. Write TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements.
1. The particles of the gases are widely spaced and free to move in any direction.
2. The gas spreads itself uniformly throughout any container.
3. Hitting the walls of the container by the particles of the gas is actually the force on it.
4. All measurements of gas volume depend upon temperature and pressure.
5. The particles of a gas are freely moving within the whole space of container.
6. The force acting on the unit area is gas pressure.
7. Variation of temperature can affect the pressure and volume of the gas.
8. Particles of gases are always in constant and rapid motion.
9. Particles of gases are never in constant and rapid motion.
10. At low temperature, the particles of a gas are moving with a high speed.
11. The increase in temperature makes the particles to move with the greater speed.
12. At any high temperature, the gas particles are moving with slow speed.
13. The mass of a given volume of gas varies with temperature.
14. When the volume of a gas expands at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas will
decrease.
15. The decrease of the gas volume accompanies the increase of the gas pressure.
16. Boyle’s law shows the relation of gas volume and temperature.
17. Boyle’s law con be expressed as T1V1 = T2V2.
18. Factors kept constant in Boyle’s law are mass and temperature.
19. As the pressure increases, the volume of the gas increases.
20. The volume of the gas decreases with increase of pressure.
21. The volume of gas should become doubles when pressure is increased from 1 atm to 2 atm.
22. Charles’ law shows the relation of volume and pressure.
23. A volume of gas contracts when cooled.
24. The volume of the gas increases with increase of temperature.
25. Factors kept constant in Charles’ law are mass and temperature.
26. Absolute zero temperature is 0oC.
27. 100oC equivalent to 434 K.
28. Standard temperature is 0K or -273oC.
29. The volume of the gas decreases with increase of temperature.
30. A volume of gas expands when it is heated.
31. The pressure of the gas in a closed container will decrease when it is heated.
32. The relative density of a gas is directly proportional to its relative molecular mass.
33. Equal volume of all gases contains the same number of molecules at all condition.
DrSKK 12 PhD(Chemistry)

34. Equal amount of moles of the gases occupies the same volume at the same temperature and
pressure.
35. Dalton’s law of partial pressure can be applied when the gases do not react on mixing.
36. Dalton’s law of partial pressure cannot be used for the gas mixture of He and Ne.
37. Helium diffuses faster than neon.
38. Heavier gas diffuses faster than the lighter one.
39. Oxygen diffuses four times faster than hydrogen.
40. The molar volume of oxygen gas is 22.4 dm3 at STP.
41. One molecule of hydrogen weighs 2 g. (H=1)
42. One molecule of nitrogen weighs 14. (N=14)
43. One mole of hydrogen weighs 2g. (H=1)
44. One mole of hydrogen weighs 2 amu.
45. One mole every gas occupies 22.4 dm3 at any temperature and pressure.
46. 18 g of liquid water occupies 22.4 dm3 at STP. (H=1, O=16)

B. Fill in the blanks with correct word(s), phrases(s) term(s), unit(s) etc.
1. A heavier gas diffuses ................. than a lighter one.
2. One gram of hydrogen gas occupies ............. at STP. (H =1)
3. 100oC is equivalent to ............ K.
4. At the same temperature and pressure, the rate of diffusion of a gas is ............. to the square
root of its density.
5. One mole of any gas occupies ........... at ......... .

C. Select the correct word(s), notation(s), term(s), unit(s), etc., given in the brackets.
1. The particles of (solid, liquid, gas) are free to move in any direction.
2. Gas pressure is defined as force per unit (area, volume, length).
3. The particles of the (solid, liquid, gas) are widely spaced and free to move in any direction.
4. The (volume, temperature, pressure) of gas is defined as the force acting on the unit area.
5. STP means standard temperature and (pressure, volume, mass).
1
6. Boyle’s law can be expressed as (V = , PV = constant, P α V = constant).
P
7. (Boyle’s, Charles’, Dalton’s) law represents the relationship between pressure and volume.
8. The absolute temperature is (0oC, -273oC, 25oC).
9. Absolute zero temperature is (-273K, 273K, 0K).
10. If the constant contraction rate is continued, the volume of the gas will become zero at (-
273oC, 273oC, 273K).
11. A volume of gas (expands, contracts, remains constant) when heated.
12. A volume of gas (expands, contracts, remains constant) when it is cooled.
13. The volume of the gas decreases (rapidly, slowly, regularly) with regular decrease of
temperature.
14. A (mass, pressure, volume) of gas expands when heated.
1 V
15. Charles’ law can be expressed as (V= , = constant, TV = constant).
P T
16. (Boyle’s, Charles’, Dalton’s) law represents relationship between temperature and volume.
DrSKK 13 PhD(Chemistry)

17. (Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, Combination of Boyle’s law and Charles’ law) shows the relation
of the volume and Kelvin temperature.
18. Dalton’s law of partial pressures can be used to the gas mixture of (Cl2 and H2, He and Ne,
NH3 and HCl).
19. Dalton’s law of partial pressures cannot be used for the gas mixture of (N2 and O2, CO2 and
O2, NH3 and HCl).
20. Dalton’s law can be expressed as (PV = constant, Ptotal = P1 + P2, PVT = constant).
21. Graham’s law of gaseous diffusion can be symbolized as ( r d = constant, r1 d1 = r2 d 2 ,
1
r= ).
d
22. 100 cm3 of CO2 diffuses through a porous pot in 50s. The same volume of propane gas, C3H8
would take (10s, 50s, 60s) to diffuse through the same pot. (C=12, H=1, O=16)
23. One molecule of chlorine gas weighs (35.5g, 71g, 71 amu).
24. One molecule of hydrogen gas weighs (1g, 2g, 2amu).
25. Molar mass means (g mole, mole, g mole-1) of a substance.
26. 22.4 dm3 of oxygen at STP weighs (32 g, 3.2 g, 32 amu).
27. One mole of hydrogen gas weighs (1 g, 2 g, 2 amu).
28. One molecule of oxygen weighs (16g, 16amu, 32 amu). (O=16)
29. One molecule of carbon dioxide weighs (44g, 22g, 44amu).
30. One molecule of NO weighs (39g, 3g, 30amu). (N=14, O=16)
31. One mole of H2S gas weighs (34g, 34, 34 amu). (H=1, S=32)
32. One mole of SO2 gas weighs (32g, 64 amu, 64 g). (S=32, O=16)
33. 6.02 x 1023 molecules of hydrogen gas weighs (1g, 2g, 2 amu).
34. 8g of oxygen gas occupies (22.4, 11.2, 5.6) dm3 at STP. (O=16)
35. 7 g of nitrogen gas occupies (5.6, 11.2, 22.4) dm3 at STP. (N=14)
36. 23 g of nitrogen dioxide gas occupies (22.4 dm3, 2.24 dm3, 11.2 dm3) at STP.
37. 2.24 dm3 of oxygen at STP weighs (32g, 3.2g, 32 amu). (O=16)
38. 2.24 dm3 of nitrogen dioxide at STP weighs (30g, 3g, 30amu)
39. If the relative density of a gas is 32, the relative molecular mass of the gas is (16, 32, 64).
40. The relative density of carbon dioxide gas is (44, 22, 88). (C=12, O=16)
41. If the relative density of a gas is 22, the relative molecular mass of the gas is (11, 22, 44).
42. If the relative molecular mass of a gas is 24, the relative density of gas is 12, 24, 48).
43. If the relative molecular mass of the gas is 32, the relative density of the gas is (8, 16, 64).