Active Form

In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the
thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.

[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]

Examples:

Passive Form

In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and
the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can
use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or
should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is
doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.

[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]

Examples:

Active and Passive Overview

Tense Active Passive

Simple Present Once a week, Tom cleans the house. Once a week, the hou
Present Right now, Sarah is writing the letter. Right now, the letter i
Continuous

Simple Past Sam repaired the car. The car was repaired

The salesman was helping the customer when the thief The customer was be
Past Continuous
came into the store. thief came into the sto

Present Perfect Many tourists have visited that castle. That castle has been

Present Perfect Recently, John has been doing the work. Recently, the work ha
Continuous

George had repaired many cars before he received his Many cars had been
Past Perfect
mechanic's license. his mechanic's licens

Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's The restaurant's fanta
Past Perfect
fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris. preparedby Chef Jon
Continuous
Paris.

Simple Future Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM. The work will be finis
will

Simple Future Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. A beautiful dinner is g
be going to

Future At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes. At 8:00 PM tonight, th
Continuous John.
will

Future At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the At 8:00 PM tonight, th

Continuous dishes. washedby John.
be going to

Future Perfect They will have completed the project before the The project will have
will deadline.

Future Perfect They are going to have completed the project before The project is going
be going to the deadline. deadline.

Future Perfect The famous artist will have been painting the mural for The mural will have b
Continuous over six months by the time it is finished. artist for over six mon
will

Future Perfect The famous artist is going to have been painting the The mural is going to
Continuous mural for over six months by the time it is finished. famous artist for over
be going to
 Used to Jerry used to pay the bills. The bills used to be p

Would Always My mother would always make the pies. The pies would alwa

Future in the Past I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM. I knew the work woul
Would

Future in the Past I thought Sally was going to make a beautiful dinner I thought a beautiful d
Was Going to tonight. tonight.

Active And Passive Voice Tense Wise Rules

We all know that English grammar has different tenses. So let’s see how to write
passive voice of the sentences which are in different tenses.

Present Tense

Simple Present Tense

Normal structure of sentence in active voice for simple present tense is
Subject + Verb + Object (Active Voice)
Ex: She cooks the food. (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cooks’ is verb and ‘the food’ is object.)
While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes
Subject + is + V-3 + by + Agent. (Passive Voice)
(Agent = person or thing which is doing the action)
Ex: The food is cooked by her. (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle)
of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this.
 Shubham writes homework. (Active Voice)
Homework is written by Shubham. (Passive Voice)
 Simran learns English. (Active Voice)
English is learnt by Simran. (Passive Voice)
 Sachin plays cricket. (Active Voice)
Cricket is played by Sachin. (Passive Voice)
Present Continuous Tense
Normal structure of sentence in active voice for simple continuous tense is
Subject + am/is/are + verb + ing + object. (Active Voice)
Ex: She is cooking the food. (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cooking’ is verb and ‘the food’ is object.)
While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes
Subject + is + being + V-3 + by + agent. (Passive Voice)
Ex: The food is being cooked by her. (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle)
of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this.
 Shubham is writing homework. (Active Voice)
Homework is being written by Shubham. (Passive Voice)
 Simran is learning English. (Active Voice)
English is being learnt by Simran. (Passive Voice)
 Sachin is playing cricket. (Active Voice)
Cricket is being played by Sachin. (Passive Voice)

Present Perfect Tense

Normal structure of sentence in active voice for present perfect tense is
Subject + has/have + V-3 + object. (Active Voice)
Ex: She has cooked the food. (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle) of cook and ‘the food’ is
object.)
While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes
Subject + has been + V-3 + by + agent. (Passive Voice)
Ex: The food has been cooked by her. (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle)
of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this.
 Shubham has written homework. (Active Voice)
Homework has been written by Shubham. (Passive Voice)
 Simran has learnt English. (Acive Voice)
English has been learnt by Simran. (Passive Voice)
 Sachin has played cricket. (Acive Voice)
Cricket has been played by Sachin. (Passive Voice)

Past Tense

Simple Past Tense

Normal structure of sentence in active voice for simple past tense is
Subject + V-2 + object. (Active Voice)
Ex: She cooked the food. (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cooked’ is V-2 of cook and ‘the food’ is object.)
While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes
Subject + was + V-3 + by + agent. (Passive Voice)
Ex: The food was cooked by her. (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle)
of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this.
 Shubham wrote homework. (Active Voice)
Home was written by Shubham. (Passive Voice)
 Simran learned English. (Active Voice)
English was learnt by Simran. (Passive Voice)
 Sachin played cricket. (Active Voice)
Cricket was played by Sachin. (Passive Voice)

Past Continuous Tense

Normal structure of sentence in active voice for past continuous tense is
Subject + was/were + verb + ing + object. (Active Voice)
Ex: She was cooking the food. (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cooking’ is verb and ‘the food’ is object.)
While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes
Subject + was + being + V-3 + by + agent. (Passive Voice)
Ex: The food was being cooked by her. (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle)
of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this
 Shubham was writing homework. (Active voice)
Homework was being written by Shubham. (Passive voice)
 Simran was learning English. (Active voice)
English was being learnt by Simran. (Passive voice)
 Sachin was playing cricket. (Active Voice)
Cricket was being played by Sachin. (Passive Voice)

Past Perfect Tense

Normal structure of sentence in active voice for past perfect tense is
Subject + had + V-3 + object. (Active Voice)
Ex: She had cooked the food. (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle) of cook and ‘the food’ is
object.)
While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes
Subject + had been + V-3 + by + agent. (Passive Voice)
Ex: The food had been cooked by her. (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle)
of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this
 Shubham had written homework. (Active voice)
Homework had been written by Shubham. (Passive voice)
 Simran had learnt English. (Active voice)
English had been learnt by Simran. (Passive Voice)
 Sachin had played cricket. (Active voice)
Cricket had been played by Sachin. (Passive Voice)

Future Tense

Simple Future Tense

Normal structure of sentence in active voice for simple future tense is
Subject + will/shall + verb + object. (Active Voice)
Ex: She will cook the food. (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cook’ is verb and ‘the food’ is object.)
While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes
Subject + will be + V-3 + by + agent. (Passive Voice)
Ex: The food will be cooked by her. (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle)
of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this
 Shubham will write homework. (Active Voice)
Homework will be written by Shubham. (Passive Voice)
 Simran will learn English. (Active Voice)
English will be learnt by Simran. (Passive Voice)
 Sachin will play cricket. (Active Voice)
Cricket will be played by Sachin. (Passive Voice)

Future Perfect Tense

Normal structure of sentence in active voice for simple future tense is
Subject + will/shall have + V-3 + object. (Active Voice)
Ex: She will have cooked the food. (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle) of cook and ‘the food’ is
object.)
While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes
Subject + will have been + V-3 + by + agent. (Passive Voice)
Ex: The food will have been cooked by her. (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle)
of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this
 Shubham will have written homework. (Active Voice)
Homework will have been written by Shubham. (Passive Voice)
 Simran will have learnt English. (Active Voice)
English will have been learnt by Simran. (Passive Voice)
 Sachin will have played cricket. (Active Voice)
Cricket will have been played by Sachin. (Passive Voice)

Future Tense with Going To

Normal structure of sentence in active voice for future tense with going to is
Subject + am/is/are + going to + verb + object. (Active Voice)
Ex: She is going to cook the food. (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cook’ is verb and ‘the food’ is object.)
While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes
Subject + am/is/are + going to + be + V3 + by + agent. (Passive Voice)
Ex: The food is going to be cooked by her. (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle)
of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this
 Shubham is going to write homework. (Active Voice)
Homework is going to be written by Shubham. (Passive Voice)
 Simran is going to learn English. (Active Voice)
English is going to be learnt by Simran. (Passive Voice)
 Sachin is going to play cricket. (Active Voice)
Cricket is going to be played by Sachin. (Passive Voice)
ules for Using Definite Article
Article 'the' is known as definite article. Here are some rules for using definite
articles. These rules can be very useful while solving common error problems in
competitive exams.

Rule: Definite article ‘the’ is used when we talk about the person or thing which
was mentioned earlier.
Ex:
 Shruti drew a picture. The picture was beautiful.
 I met a boy. The boy was intelligent.
 Give me the ball which you bought yesterday.

Rule: Definite article ‘the’ is used when a singular noun is representing a whole
class.
Ex:
 The cow is a friendly animal.
 The rose is a beautiful flower.
 The lion is a dangerous animal.

Rule: Before the names of mountain ranges, group of islands, rivers, oceans, gulfs,
desserts, forests etc.
Ex:
 The Himalayas
 The Ganga
 The Andamans
 The Amazon
 The Pacific Ocean
 The Sahara
 The Vrindavan Forest

Rule: Before the names of newspapers and magazines.

Ex:
 The Hindu
 The Times of India

Rule: Before the names of religious and mythological books.

Ex:
 The Ramayana
 The Mahabharat
 The Bibal

Rule: Before the name of historical places.

Ex:
 The Tajmahal
 The Lalkilla

Rule: Before the name of religious community, political party, nationality, trains,
ships, government departments.
Ex:
 The Hindus
 The BJP
 The Shatabdi Express
 The Income Tax department
 The Army
 The Indian

Rule: Before the words showing position.

Ex:
 The top
 The bottom
 The inside
 The back
 The front
Rule: ‘The’ is used in superlative degree.
Ex:
 She is the most beautiful girl in the college.
 Usain Bolt is the fastest person on the planet.
 He is the most sincere student in the class.

Rule: ‘The’ is used before the names of natural things.

Ex:
 The Sun
 The Moon
 The Planet
 The River
 The Mountain

Rule: ‘The’ is used before the ordinals.

Ex:
 The first
 The second
 The last

Active And Passive Voice Of Imperative Sentences

Imperative sentences are sentences which express advice, request or command.
For example
 Close the door.
 Please give me the bottle.
 Pick up the phone.
These sentences express advice, request or command.

How to convert imperative sentences into passive voice?

Let’s see how to convert imperative sentences into passive voice.
Imperative sentences containing request
Passive voice of sentences containing request start with ‘You are requested to’.
Generally, sentences containing request have the word ‘please’ in it.
Normal structure of sentence in passive voice is as under
You are requested to + verb + ...
Ex:
 Please close the door. (Active Voice)
You are requested to close the door. (Passive Voice)
 Please bring me some apples. (Active Voice)
You are requested to bring me some water. (Passive Voice)
 Please show me your tickets. (Active Voice)
You are requested to show me your tickets. (Passive Voice)

Imperative sentences containing advice

Passive voice of sentences containing advice start with ‘You are advised to’
Normal structure of sentence in passive voice is as under
You are advised to + verb + …
Ex:
 Do yoga daily. (Active Voice)
You are advised to do yoga daily. (Passive Voice)
 Do your homework neatly. (Active Voice)
You are advised to do your homework neatly. (Passive Voice)
 Do not drink. (Active Voice)
You are advised not to drink. (Passive Voice)

Imperative sentences containing command or order

Passive voice of sentences containing command or order generally start with ‘Let’
Normal structure of sentence in passive voice is as under
Let + subject + be + V-3
Ex:
 Switch off the fan. (Active Voice)
Let the fan be switched off. (Passive Voice)
 Call the attendant. (Active Voice)
Let the attendant be called. (Passive Voice)
 Cook the food. (Active Voice)
Let the food be cooked. (Passive Voice)
You can change the sentences containing command or order into passive using ‘You
are ordered to’ also.
Normal structure of sentence for that is
You are ordered to + verb + …
Ex:
 Switch off the fan. (Active Voice)
You are ordered to switch off the fan. (Passive Voice)
 Call the attendant. (Active Voice)
You are ordered to call the attendant. (Passive Voice)
 Cook the food. (Active Voice)
You are ordered to cook the food. (Passive Voice)

Imperative sentences containing suggestion

There are some sentences which contain suggestion.
Let’s see how to convert these sentences into passive by some examples.
Ex:
 Respect parents. (Active Voice)
Parents should be respected. (Passive Voice)
 Love the kids. (Active Voice)
The kids should be loved. (Passive Voice)
 Follow your dreams. (Active Voice)
Your dreams should be followed. (Passive Voice