Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 4

Dr.

Homi Bhabha Competition Test Series

Metal Non Metal

There are total 118 known elements.( 115 According to book)


Naturally found  92 ; Rest are man made.

Ore  Naturally occurring mineral from metal can be extracted.


Metallurgy  Science of extracting metals from ores and purifying them.

Elements are categorized into


(1) Metal
(2) Non –Metal.

Metal  Characteristics
(1) Lustrous  Shiny surface

(2) Malleability Can be beaten into Sheet:


Most Malleable: Gold > Silver

(3) Ductile  Can be drawn into Wire


Most ductile: Platinum > Gold>Silver

(4)Good conductor of heat-->


Best conductor: Silver >Copper:

(5)Good Conductor of electricity 


Best Conductor: Silver

(6) Sonorous Ringing sound

(7) At normal temperature in solid state :


Exception Mercury : Liquid state

Strictly for Private Circulation


Dr. Homi Bhabha Competition Test Series

(8) Have high density

(9) Generally have high melting and boiling point

(10) Generally Hard


Exception: Lithium, Sodium, Potassium
(can cut with knife)

(11) Reactivity of metal : Most reactive (K,Na) Least reactive


K> Na>Ca>Mg>Al>Zn>Fe>Pb> Cu>Hg>Ag>Au

Sodium react with air (Oxygen ) and water vigorously


so it is stored under Kerosene

Non- Metal  Characteristics

(1) Non Luster Dull surface


Exception : Iodine

(2) Not malleable  usually brittle

(3) Non ductile

(4) Poor conductor of heat 


Exception : Diamond

(5) Poor conductor of electricity 


Exception Graphite
(6) Not sonorous 

(7) At normal temperature in solid or gaseous state:


Exception Bromine : Liquid state

(8) Low density 


Strictly for Private Circulation
Dr. Homi Bhabha Competition Test Series

(9) Generally low melting boiling point

(10) Generally soft :


Exception Diamond

Most eactive non metal  Phosphorus

Uses Of Metal 

(1) For Making Cooking Utensils  Good conductor of heat


(2) Wires in electrical gadgets ,radio  Ductile,Good conductor of electricity
(3) Roof Of Houses  Malleable : Iron and Aluminium is used
(4) For Ornament ,coin  Ductile ,malleable,Hard
(5) Thermometer -> Mercury is used  Good thermal conductor
(6) Componud are used in everyday life : Sodium chloride,washing soda…

Use Of Non Metal 

(1) Pencil Lead  Graphite


(2) Electrode  Graphite  Good conductor of electricity
(3) Glass and cement  Silicon di-oxide
(4) Solar Cell  Silicon
(5) Red Phosphorus  Safety matches,Cracker,Germicide,Explosive
(6) Sulphur  Medicine,gun powder

(Remember those non metal which are mentioned in ssc book)

Nobel Metal : Which are not affected by air ,acid ,water ,heat.
Do not take part in chemical reaction.
e.g. Gold ,Platinum

Purity Of Gold  100 % : 24 carat ; 91.8 % : 22 carat …


Strictly for Private Circulation
Dr. Homi Bhabha Competition Test Series

Corrosion  Action that wears the metals.

Corrosions for following metals


(1) Iron  with oxygen (Usually called rusting)
(2) Copper with carbon di-oxide
(3) Silver  with Hydrogen sulphide

Methods Of Preventation Of Corrosion 


(They prevent contact between metal surface and air or surrounding)

(1) Apply oil or grease


(2) Iron coated with zinc  Called Galvanization
(3) Enamel paints for ships

Alloy : A homogenous mixture of two or more metal or non metal


Physical properties changes
Chemical properties remain same.

(1) Bronze  Copper + Tin


(2) Steel  Iron + Carbon
(3) Stainless Steel Iron + Carbon + Chromium

Strictly for Private Circulation

Вам также может понравиться