Level of Awareness on Disaster Risk and Reduction Management of the Students of

Tayawan National High School

A research presented to the Faculty Members of

Tayawan National High School

In Partial fulfillment for the subject

Practical Research 2

Arnaiz, Jephte P.

Arnaiz, Johnrey G.

Arcoba, Cheryl
 CHAPTER I

Background of the Study

Philippines is prone to natural hazards and disasters. According to an international report

last 2014, the country ranked third out of 173 that is prone to natural disasters. This

assessment was grounded on the potential of a natural hazard to cause heavy human

casualties, damage to properties and infrastructures, and decline of human welfare such as

health status and livelihoods (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development).

One aspect that affects the susceptibility of the Philippines to natural calamities is because

of the geographical condition. The setting of the Philippines is also extremely inclined to

several atmospheric threats. The country is located in the path of tropical cyclones that can

be categorized as a tropical depression, tropical storm, severe tropical storm, typhoon, and

super typhoon. According to Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical

Services Administration, there is an average of 20 tropical cyclones entering the Philippine

area of responsibility. With this location, the country has high susceptibility to flooding,

storm surges, and strong winds. The 36, 289 km coastlines of the Philippines also

contribute to the high susceptibility of the country to coastal flooding and storm surge

(Lapidez J.P. et al, 2015)

Bayawan City is no stranger to flooding and landslides. Such events are yearly occurrences

in the city especially during the rainy season from June to December due to the state of

deforestation and denudation of its forestlands and siltation of its major waterways

particularly the Bayawan River.

The current research aims to investigate the level of awareness of the students of Tayawan

National High School in terms of their understanding and knowledge about Disaster Risk

and Reduction Management.

Statement of the Problem

The general objective of the study is to determine the Level of Awareness on Disaster Risk

and Reduction Management of the Students of Tayawan National High School.

Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. sex;

1.2. location;

1.3. media exposure; and

1.4. parent’s educational attainment?

2. What is the level of awareness of the respondents in terms of disaster risk reduction

issues along the following natural hazards:

2.1. tsunami;

2.2. earthquake;

2.3. flood;

2.4. typhoons;

2.5. volcanic eruption; and

2.7. landslides?
Hypothesis

It is not proven that some students of Tayawan National High School are not aware of the

Disaster Risk and Reduction Management.

Theoretical Framework

Fig. 1: Theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991)

The theory of planned behavior can be directly applied in the domain of disaster risk

reduction.

The theory of planned behavior is a theory that links one's beliefs and behavior. The

theory states that intention toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived

behavioral control, together shape an individual's behavioral intentions and behaviors.

Conceptual Framework

Natural Hazard Preparedness Plan Disaster Knowledge

Level of Awareness on
DRRM

Information Dissemination DRRM Implementation

Fig. 2 Conceptual Framework

Based on the schematic diagram, preparedness, disaster knowledge, natural hazard, DRRM

Implementation, and information dissemination are all related to our main problem which

is to find out the level of awareness on the DRRM of the students of Tayawan National

High School.

Significance of the Study

This research will benefit the following:

School Administrators. The import of this study may provide vigorously and rationalized

vital information to the heads of schools regarding DRRM.

Faculty Members. The result of the study will serve as a guide for faculty members in

DRRM integration in Lesson Planning and Learning Objectives formulation and hidden

curriculum;
Brgy. Tayawan Residents. The research output will benefit the residents and households

of Brgy. Tayawan by the information to be provided on how they should be prepared about

natural disasters.

LGU Officials. The research output will benefit the LGU Officials of Bayawan City to

help reduce the vulnerability of the communities to avoid or minimize the impact of

disasters through education activities.

CDRRMC. The City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee will be aided

with information and framework especially in the dissemination and planning.

Future Researchers. This study will help provide information and data for research input

related to their researches.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The research study will focus on investigating the level of awareness on the Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management of the students of Tayawan National High School. This study

will run from the month of November 2019 to March 2020.

This research will be conducted at Tayawan National High School. The respondents of this

study are the students from Grade 7 to Grade 12 of TNHS which will be determined using

Slovin’s Formula.
Definition of Terms

Disaster risk management- The systematic process of using administrative decisions,

organization, operational skills and capacities to implement policies, strategies and coping

capacities of the society and communities to lessen the impacts of natural hazards and

related environmental and technological disasters.

Disaster risk reduction (disaster reduction)- The conceptual framework of elements

considered with the possibilities to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout

a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse

impacts of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development.

Natural hazards- Natural processes or phenomena occurring in the biosphere that may

constitute a damaging event.

Vulnerability- The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and

environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the

impact of hazards.
 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

In this chapter, the researchers present the review of related literature and some numerous

works done by DepEd, DRRM, and researchers which are directly related to our study

about disaster preparedness and level of awareness.

Disaster is defined according to (B. Wisher, P. Blaikie, T. Canon, and I. Davis (2004) as a

natural or manmade hazard that has come to fruition, resulting in an event of substantial

extent causing significant damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the

natural environment. A disaster can be extensively defined as any tragic event with great

loss stemming from events such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic incidents, fires, or

explosions which means that disaster for safety and for more lives to be saved, this is

considered disaster management.

Disaster Risk Reduction must be inculcated in education since everyone can be affected by

it. Awareness will make students resilient to disaster. opined that undertaking preparedness

and building awareness towards disaster risks is the first step of today’s disaster

management (Habiba, 2013). According to Leoni (2011), awareness of the components of

Disaster Risks Reduction (DRR) can help lessen the impacts of incoming disasters.

Factors are contributing to the level of awareness on disaster risk reduction. Samiullah

(2015) pointed out that the impacts of natural disasters vary from male to female. Women

are said to be more vulnerable than men. However, according to Bradshaw (2015)

vulnerability to a disaster is not based on sex or biological differences between men and

women but rather due to the societal role they play and how they should behave. Wackinger
(2012) mentioned that household location is often regarded as an important factor

contributing to the level of awareness on disaster risks.

The kinds of literature that have been reviewed revealed that the focus was on awareness

of natural hazards yet, only a few hazards like typhoons and earthquakes are commonly

studied in schools. It does not show what type of natural hazards shows a higher level of

disaster awareness. This study has taken into consideration other natural hazards aside from

typhoons and earthquakes and which one shows a higher level of disaster risk reduction

awareness.

According to the study of Padernal (2016) on her study about the Disaster Risk Reduction

Awareness among Junior High School Students, she was able to find out that the public

junior high school students are generally aware on disaster risk reduction issues associated

with the natural hazards like tsunami, earthquake, flood, typhoons, tornadoes, volcanic

eruption and landslide.

We need to prepare for disaster because we sometimes could not predict disasters like

earthquakes. Disaster preparedness provides for the key strategic actions that give

importance to activities revolving around community awareness and understanding,

contingency planning; conduct of local drills and the development of a national disaster

preparedness plan. Risk related information coming from the prevention and mitigation

aspect is necessary for the preparedness activities to be responsive to the needs of people

or students and the situation on the ground. Through these, coordination, complementation

and interoperability of work in DRRM operations and essentials services will be ensured.

The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) mentioned

and established the fact that effective DRR Education strengthens the culture of awareness,
preparedness, and resiliency among students. They are the most vulnerable victims of

disaster wherein risk can affect their physical, emotional, and psychological well-being.

The present Philippine government addresses and implements these recommendations of

UNISDR by disseminating disaster risk assessment, reduction, and management through

DepEd of the Philippines, which prioritizes the incorporation of DRRM into, the National

Basis Education System. The DRRM in the basic Education framework is fully reinforced

by the present curriculum school and community stakeholders are engage and are asked to

participate in the integration of DRR in the educational programs. Based on the school

DRRM Manual of DepEd, the children of the youth should have great involvement in the

educational activities that promote DRR awareness. It is a priority that students should

have an in-depth understanding of school-based risk reduction and management. Students

should know what makes their school or community unsafe, and how they make these

places safe from disaster.

Moreover, students should be knowledgeable about what to do, before, during and after a

natural disaster. Based on the findings on (The Study about Risk Reduction knowledge of

Grade 11 Students Impact of Senior High School Disaster Education in the

Philippines.,2017). They found out that the core subject Earth and Life Science somehow

elevated the knowledge of students on natural hazards. Learning Competencies include the

hazards, hazard maps in identifying, and practical ways of coping geologic, hydro-

meteorological, and coastal processes. Geologic processes include earthquakes, volcanic

eruptions, and landslides. These competencies possibly improve the understanding of the

students on the basic concepts of natural hazards, and the measures of mitigation and

adaptation. Disaster risk perception must be improved among students to have correct
judgment toward the eminent dangers of natural hazards. Risk perception among students

shall be developed to ensure an effective and protective public response and action. The

successful implementation of the school and community-based.

(DRRM relics on Public Awareness and Public Education, Disaster Education.,2002) aims

to increase the resiliency of the students on disaster risk by solidifying knowledge about

disaster, developing skills that can be used, to prepare, adapt, mitigate and respond to the

damaging effect of disasters, and elevating awareness that widens the scope of

understanding of DRR with these objectives, DRR advocated by promoting a culture of

safety and resiliency in the community, most especially at the school level. There are

compelling reasons why the Philippines should adopt disaster risk reduction and

Management (DRRM) because it is exposed to disasters and hazards due to its geography

and geology.

Therefore, the disaster preparedness and level of awareness of the students are important

to identify to know if they are prepared and aware of the disaster and to avoid accidents.

According to the study of Disaster Preparedness and Response Planning, Public Health

Note (2018) Disaster preparedness is an action to decrease the damage and effect of

disaster.
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the method and procedure that will be used in this study, research

design, the population of the study, sample and sampling technique, research instrument,

validity of the instrument, reliability of the instrument, method of data collection and

method of data analysis.

Research Design:

The researchers used the quantitative research design specifically the descriptive-survey

method. This design was used by the researchers because it is suitable for the study and it

enables the researcher to generate results through standardize collection procedure.

The locale of the Study

The study will be conducted in Tayawan National High School, Barangay Tayawan,

Bayawan City Negros Oriental

Fig. 2 Conceptual Framework

Respondents of The Study:

The population will be clustered by grade level. There will be 6 Clusters. Specific samples

will be chosen from each cluster using random sampling. To determine the sample size of

the respondents, Slovin’s Formula was used at 0.10 margin of error. Shown in Table 1, is

the distribution of the student respondents. A total of _______ respondents were taken in

this study.

Grade Level N* n

Grade 7

Grade 8

Grade 9

Grade 10

Grade 11

Grade 12

Total

Table 1: Distribution of the Respondents

*The researchers are still procuring for the population of each grade level.

Sampling Size and Sampling Technique

A total sample size of ________ students will be randomly selected by grouping them

according to their grade level and do the sampling technique.

Slovin’s Formula:

n = N / (1+Ne2)
Research Instrument

A well-constructed questionnaire based on the established research conducted by Perla O.

Padernal (2016).

Validity of Instrument

The design questionnaire will be submitted to an English teacher for grammar correction

and if it is relevant for the study and approval before distributing it to the respondents.

Method of Data Collection

The researchers will ask permission to the school principal to get the needed data during

study period through the use of survey questionnaire, the administration of the

questionnaire was carried out by the researcher. A total of _____ copies will be distributed

to the respondents.

Data Gathering Procedure

Distinct steps were agreed to carry out the necessary steps to procure the data demanded

for the study in the first phase of the study. An affirmation letter for conducting a study

will be sent to the school principal, Mrs. Gerlie Ausan. After seeking for an approval, the

researchers will conduct research for the said respondents, the organization of data will be

done after as well as doing the analysis and interpretation and lastly, coming up with a

general understanding of the topic.

Method of Data Analysis

The quantitative data will be analyzed using the appropriate statistical tool such as:

 Frequency count

 Percentages
  Weighted means

 To have a survey on level of awareness about DRRM.

Statistical Treatment

The researchers will utilize the following statistical tools to treat the data. The statistical

tools used in the study are the following:

PERCENTAGE- will be use to show the percentage of the number of students who belongs

to specific levels of awareness.

FREQUENCY COUNT- will be use to describe the number of students who got a specific

level of awareness.

MEAN- will be use to find the average of the respondents to describe the level of awareness

on DRRM.

SLOVENS FORMULA- this formula will be used to determine the needed number of

respondents.