PERSENTASION

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

By

SYIFA ANNISA

0433131420119126

BACHELOR OF NURSING STUDY PROGRAM

STIKES KHARISMA KARAWANG

2019
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I’d like to introduce my self. My name is Syifa Annisa please call me
Syifa. I’m from subang. Then, I’d like to thanks to ALLAH SWT who has given health and
long live. Next, I also would like to express my gratitude to Ms.Uun Nurjanah. The director
of STIKES KHARISMA KARAWANG who has given opportunity to study here. My
gratitude also goes to my lecturer, Ms Dea for her guidance and help in making some
correections. And then, I’d like to convey my gratitude to the examiner who has given me
time to deliver a presentation about Rheumatoid arthritis .

I ‘ve devided my presentation into five sections. First, I’m going to start by telling
the background of Rheumatoid arthritis. Second, I’ll turn to definition and symtoms. Then,
I’ll concern on the aspects can cause Rheumatoid arthritis . After that, I’ll move on the
medical treatment. Finally, I’ll discuss about the preventons.

If you any questions, I’ll do my best to answers them at the end.

 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................................................................i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................. ii

1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
I. Backround of the problem .........................................................................2
2. DEFINITION AND SYMPTOMS..........................................................................3
II. Definition ......................................................................................................4
III. Symtoms ........................................................................................................5
3. ASPECTS THAT CAN CAUSE .............................................................................6
IV. What Causes Rheumatoid Arthritis .......................................................... 6
4. THE MEDICAL TREATMENTS ........................................................................ 7
V. The medical treatments ............................................................................... 7
5. THE PREVENTION ............................................................................................... 7
VI. The Prevention ............................................................................................ 7
6. CONCLUTION ........................................................................................................ 7

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 8
 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

BY

SYIFA ANNISA

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that
primarily affects joints.
It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. Pain and
stiffness often worsen following rest. Most commonly, the wrist and hands
are involved, with the same joints typically involved on both sides of the
body. The disease may also affect other parts of the body. This may result in
a low red blood cell count, inflammation around the lungs, and inflammation
around the heart. Fever and low energy may also be present. Often,
symptoms come on gradually over weeks to months. While the cause of
rheumatoid arthritis is not clear, it is believed to involve a combination
of genetic and environmental factors. The underlying mechanism involves
the body's immune system attacking the joints.
This results in inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule . It
also affects the underlying bone and cartilage. The diagnosis is made mostly
on the basis of a person's signs and symptoms. X-rays and laboratory testing
may support a diagnosis or exclude other diseases with similar symptoms.
Other diseases that may present similarly include systemic lupus
erythematosus , psoriatic arthritis , and fibromyalgia among others. The
goals of treatment are to reduce pain, decrease inflammation, and improve a
person's overall functioning. This may be helped by balancing rest and
exercise, the use of splints and braces , or the use of assistive devices. Pain
medications , steroids, and NSAIDs are frequently used to help with
symptoms. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such
as hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate , may be used to try to slow the
progression of disease. Biological DMARDs may be used when disease does
not respond to other treatments. However, they may have a greater rate of
adverse effects. Surgery to repair, replace , or fuse joints may help in certain
 situations. Most alternative medicine treatments are not supported by
evidence.
RA affects about 24.5 million people as of 2015. This is between 0.5
and 1% of adults in the developed world with 5 and 50 per 100,000 people
newly developing the condition each year. Onset is most frequent during
middle age and women are affected 2.5 times as frequently as men. In 2013,
it resulted in 38,000 deaths up from 28,000 deaths in 1990. The first
recognized description of RA was made in 1800 by Dr. Augustin Jacob
Landré-Beauvais (1772–1840) of Paris. The term rheumatoid arthritis is
based on the Greek for watery and inflamed joints.
2. DEFINITION AND SYMTOMS
2.1 Definition
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that can cause
joint pain and damage throughout your body.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease
of unknown cause. An external trigger (eg, cigarette smoking, infection, or
trauma) that triggers an autoimmune reaction, leading to synovial
hypertrophy and chronic joint inflammation along with the potential for
extra-articular manifestations, is theorized to occur in genetically susceptible
individuals.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that can cause
joint pain and damage throughout your body. An external trigger (eg,
cigarette smoking, infection, or trauma)
2.2 Symptoms Of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
1. Stiffness. The joint is harder to use and doesn't move as well as it should.
It’s especially common in the morning. While many people with other
forms of arthritis have stiff joints in the morning, it takes people
with rheumatoid arthritis more than an hour (sometimes several hours)
before their joints feel loose.
2. Swelling. Fluid in the joint makes it puffy and tender.
3. Pain. Inflammation inside a joint makes it hurt whether you’re moving it
or not. Over time, it causes damage and pain.
4. Redness and warmth. The joints may be warmer and show color changes
related to the inflammation
3. ASPECTS THAT CAN CAUSE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)
3.1 Aspect That Can Cause Rheumatoid Arthritis ( RA)
1. Age. RA can affect you at any age, but it’s most common between 40 and
60. It isn’t a normal part of aging.
2. Family history. If someone in your family has it, you may be more likely
to get it.
3. Environment. A toxic chemical or infection in your environment can up
your odds.
4. Gender. RA is more common in women than men. It’s more likely in
women who've never been pregnant and those who've recently given
birth.
5. Obesity. Extra weight, especially if you’re under 55.
6. Smoking. If your genes already make you more likely to get RA, lighting
up can raise your odds even higher. And if you do get the disease,
smoking can make it worse.
4. THE MEDICAL TREATMENTS
4.1 The medical treatments
There’s no cure for RA, but there are treatments that can help you
manage it. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can keep both patients and physicians
on their toes as they figure out the best ways to treat the symptoms and slow
the progression of the condition. Recently, advances in treatment strategies
have resulted in ever-improving outcomes and quality of life for those with
rheumatoid arthritis. Treat to Target Rheumatoid Arthritis is a treatment
philosophy that rheumatologists use to effectively manage this disease.
The treat-to-target approach has resulted in fewer symptoms and
higher remission rates for those with RA. The treatment strategy involves:
 setting a specific testing goal that signals either remission or low
disease state
 testing acute phase reactants and performing monthly monitoring to
assess progress of treatment and management plan
 switching medication regimen promptly if progress isn’t made.

Treatments for RA help to manage the pain and control the

inflammatory response which can in many cases result in remission.
 Decreasing the inflammation can also help to prevent further joint and organ
damage.

Treatments may include:

 medications
 alternative or home remedies
 dietary changes
 specific types of exercise

Healthcare provider will work with you to determine the best

treatment plan for your medical needs. For many people, these treatments
help them live an active life and reduce the risk of long-term complications.
Learn more about specific RA treatments and how to treat flares.

5. THE PREVENTIONS
6. The Preventions
1. Stop Smoking and alcohol
Smoking is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis. Since quitting smoking can
improve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, people who smoke should quit completely.
Help in quitting is available and should be obtained, if needed. Recommendations
for alcohol use depend on the medications a person is taking and on his or her other
medical conditions. Discuss the safety of alcohol use with your doctor.
2. Measures to reduce bone loss
Inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can cause bone loss,
which can lead to osteoporosis. The use of prednisone further increases the risk of
bone loss, especially in postmenopausal women.
You can do the following to help minimize the bone loss associated with steroid
therapy:
 Use the lowest possible dose of glucocorticoids for the shortest possible time,
when possible, to minimize bone loss.
 Get an adequate amount of calcium and vitamin D, either in the diet or by
taking supplements.
 Use medications that can reduce bone loss, including that which is caused by
glucocorticoids.
  Control rheumatoid arthritis itself with appropriate medications prescribed
by your doctor.
7. CONCLUSION
Conclusion of definition Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune
disease that can cause joint pain and damage throughout your body. There are some
symptoms of RA such as stiffness, swelling, pain, redness dan warmth. To prevent
RA people have to stop smoking, alcohol and measures to reduce bone loss. Aspects
that can cause age, family history environment, gender, obesity and smoking.
There’s no cure for RA, but there are treatments that can help people, such as
medications, alternative or home remedies, dietary changes, and specific types of
exercise.
 REFERENCES
1. DC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2016. Arthritis _Related Statistic.
Retrieved on October 10, 2016, from -related-stats.htm2.Mayo Clinic. 2016.
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis. Retrieved on November 20, 2016, formhttp://-
treatment/treatment/txc-20197400 3.Healthline. 2016.
3. Find Best Medications for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Retrieved on November 3, 2016,
from -rheumatoid-arthritis4. American College of Rheumatology. 2015.
4. Retrieved on November 23, 2016, from 7.Sullivan, S. (2016). Genetics and the
Future of RA Treatment. Retrieved on November 12, 2016, from -genetics-and-
future.aspx