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Grade 10 Lesson 2

LEARNING ABOUT REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY


Lesson Duration: One 50-minute period

MATERIALS & PREPARATION GOAL


WORKSHEETS Students will review information on male
and female reproductive anatomy.
 Male Reproductive Anatomy
 Female Reproductive Anatomy OBJECTIVES
 Matching Reproductive Anatomy At the end of the lesson students will:
1. Identify reproductive organs in correct
OVERHEAD SLIDES anatomical terms.
 Male Reproductive Anatomy 2. Understand the functions of the
 Male Side View reproductive organs.
 Female Reproductive Anatomy 3. Match reproductive organs to their
 Female Side View functions.
 Four Stages of Human Sexual 4. Understand how to perform a self-
Response exam.
 Matching Reproductive Anatomy
Answer Sheet
 Self-Exams
TEACHER’S NOTE ADVANCED ORGANIZER
A sample lecture outline is provided This lesson requires that you complete the
in the Teacher Background steps in the order that they are listed
Information section (immediately below. Each step is described in detail on
following this lesson plan) to assist the following pages.
you in reviewing male and female STEP 1. Introduce the Lesson
reproductive anatomy. STEP 2. Class Activity: Reproductive
Anatomy Worksheets
If this information has already been STEP 3. Lecture and Discussion: Self-
covered as part of a Biology lesson, Exams
you can go on to Lesson 3. STEP 4. Summary

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Grade 10 Lesson 2

PROCEDURE

STEP 1. Introduce the Lesson and Review Ground Rules (5 minutes)


A discussion of reproductive anatomy is included in this unit. While most
students have learned this information already, it will provide a chance to review
the names and functions of the reproductive organs.

STEP 2. Class Activity: Reproductive Anatomy Worksheet (30 minutes)


Distribute "Male Reproductive Anatomy" worksheet, front view. Tell students to
label the male reproductive diagram and take notes on the lecture material (see
Lecture Outline: Male Reproductive System). Show the ―Male Side View‖ slide
for comparison.
Follow the same process using the ―Female Reproductive Anatomy‖ worksheet,
front view, and show Female Side View (see Lecture Outline: Female
Reproductive System).
Distribute copies of the ―Matching Reproductive Anatomy‖ worksheet. Instruct
the students to match the function to the reproductive organ based on the
information they just learned. Review and collect the worksheets.
In addition to knowing the function of reproductive anatomy, students should
know that changes occur in the body during sexual stimulation. Refer to the
―Four Stages of Human Sexual Response‖ slide and explain the ways in which
female and male bodies respond to sexual stimulation.
STEP 3. Lecture and Discussion: Self-Exams (10 minutes)
Explain that understanding your body is the key to good health. If you don’t
know what is normal for you, you won’t be able to recognize signs of illness or
infection.
One way to learn what is normal for your body is to perform self-examinations.
Self-examinations provide a baseline for how we look and feel when we are
healthy, and they alert us to when we must seek medical attention. Self-
examinations do not replace annual check-ups by professionals but they do help
us communicate with our health-care providers about our bodies. The ―Self-
Exams‖ slide can be used to review this information.
STEP 4. Summary (5 minutes)
Answer students’ questions about reproductive anatomy and self-exams.
Tell students that it is important for them to be knowledgeable about their bodies
and take responsibility for their sexual health.

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Grade 10 Lesson 2

LECTURE OUTLINE: MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM


Note: The footnote numbers in the following underlined text refers to the numbers in
the transparencies.
1. The male reproductive cells are the sperm, which are produced in the
testicles1 or testes.
2. The testicles are two sex glands located in a sac called the scrotum2.
a) The testicles form inside the body during fetal development and
descend into the scrotum before birth. Sometimes one testicle may
not descend and a boy will need medical treatment to correct the
condition.
b) The testicles correspond to the ovaries in women because both
ovaries and testicles produce reproductive cells.
c) The scrotum protects the glands by helping to maintain an even
temperature needed for sperm production. In cold air or water, the
scrotum will shrink and pull the testes closer to the body for
warmth. When the body is warm, the scrotum will hang loosely to
move the testes away from the body.
3. Production of sperm cells starts in early puberty.
a) Messages from the pituitary gland signal the development of
testosterone, the male sex hormone, which prompts the production
of sperm.
b) Sperm cells are so small they can only be seen through a
microscope.
c) Although a boy is physically capable of impregnating a female at
this time, the task of being a father requires a greater level of
emotional maturity.
4. Sperm are made in small tubes in the testicles and then pass into the
epididymis3 where they develop further.
5. From the epididymis the sperm move through a duct called the vas
deferens4.
6. The sperm mix with the secretions of special glands: the seminal
vesicles5, the prostate gland6 and Cowper's gland7.
a) The seminal vesicles produce fluid called semen. Semen is a
thick, whitish fluid.
b) Semen contains 5% sperm.
c) The semen picks up other fluids from the prostate gland at the
neck of the bladder and from the Cowper's gland just below the
prostate.
d) Without ejaculation, the body absorbs the semen.
10. When a male has strong sexual feelings, the blood flow out of the
penis9 is slowed down and the spongy tissue of the penis fills with

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Grade 10 Lesson 2

blood, causing the penis to become firm. This action is called an


erection.
a) This happens before sexual intercourse but also from dreams or
sexually exciting pictures or circumstances.
b) During puberty, males may get erections for no apparent reason.
11. Ejaculation is the process of semen being released from the body.
a) Prior to ejaculation, the Cowper's gland secretes fluid that coats the
lining of the urethra. Some of this fluid, called pre-ejaculate,
passes out of the penis when it is erect.
b) Males may have a release of semen at night, which is called
nocturnal emission or "wet dreams." It may or may not be caused
by sexual dreams. Some males have nocturnal emissions and
some do not.
12. Urine is stored in the bladder10. Both urine and semen are released
from the body through the urethra. When semen is released
(ejaculation), a valve closes off the flow of urine.
13. Behind the genitalia, at the lower end of the buttocks, is the anus (see
―Male Side View‖ slide), an opening from the digestive system for
eliminating wastes. This is not considered part of the reproductive
system.
LECTURE OUTLINE: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Note: The footnote numbers in the following underlined text refers to the numbers in
the transparencies.
1. The female reproductive cell is called the ova1.
a) About 400,000 immature egg cells, or ova, are present at birth.
b) About 400 ova will mature during a female’s life.
2. Ova are stored in two sex glands called ovaries2.
a) The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone that regulate the
menstrual cycle.
b) Each month an ovum in one of the ovaries will mature and be
released. It’s believed that the ovaries ―take turns‖—one releasing
an egg one month, the other the next, and so on.
c) The ovaries correspond to the testicles in the males since both
testicles and ovaries produce reproductive cells.
3. The fallopian tubes3 are four to six inches long in a mature female.
They curve around the ovaries and extend to the uterus. These tubes
are the passageways through which the egg travels from the ovary to
the uterus.
4. The uterus4 is a hollow, muscular organ, also called the womb.
a) The uterus is designed to hold and nourish the fetus until birth.

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Grade 10 Lesson 2

b) The cervix5 is a ring of muscle at the opening of the uterus into the
vagina.
5. The vagina6, also called the birth canal, extends from the uterus to the
outside of the body.
a) At birth, the opening of the vagina is partly covered by a very thin
membrane called the hymen.
b) The hymen can be torn during vigorous activities like swimming,
gymnastics, bicycle riding, etc.
6. The external genitalia are called the vulva7.
a) Pubic hair covers the two outer folds or labia8 majora.
b) Two inner folds, or labia8 minora, cover and protect the vaginal
opening.
c) Also protected by the labia is a sensitive organ called the clitoris
7. Urine is stored in the bladder and is released through the urethra.
8. The urethra is located above the vaginal opening.
9. Behind all of these, and not covered by the labia, is the anus, an
opening from the digestive system for eliminating wastes. This is not
considered part of the reproductive system.
10. When viewed externally, the mons pubis is the area of fatty tissue over
the pubic area, covered with hair after puberty. The fourchette is the
fold of skin that forms the posterior (back) of the vulva. The perineum
is the area in front of the anus extending to the fourchette in the female
and to the scrotum in the male.
11. Although the female breasts are not truly sexual organs, they do serve
an important reproductive function in providing milk to the newborn
infant. Each breast contains 15–20 clusters of milk-secreting structures
called mammary glands. Each of these mammary gland clusters has
an opening to the nipple where the milk ducts also open. The areola is
the darkened skin around the nipple.

THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE


1. Menstruation starts at puberty and continues monthly until age 45–55.
a) The cycle begins with the shedding of the uterine lining, called a
period. This usually lasts around 3–5 days.
b) After the period, the lining of the uterus builds up again with blood
and tissue that are needed for implantation. The uterine or
endometrial lining continues to build through the rest of the cycle.
c) Near the middle of the menstrual cycle, a ripened egg is released
into the fallopian tube. This is called ovulation. The endometrial
lining continues to thicken as the egg moves toward the uterus.
d) If egg is penetrated by sperm, this process is called fertilization. If
the egg is not fertilized, the blood and tissue break down and leave
the uterus, as a new cycle.

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Grade 10 Lesson 2 WORKSHEET

Male Reproductive Anatomy

10.___________

6._____________
5.___________

7.______________

4.________

9.___________
3.____________

1.___________
2.__________

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Grade 10 Lesson 2 OVERHEAD SLIDE

Male Reproductive Anatomy

10. Bladder

6. Prostate Gland

5. Seminal Vesicle
7. Cowper’s Gland
4. Vas Deferens

8. Urethra
9. Penis
3. Epididymis

1. Testicle
2. Scrotum

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Grade 10 Lesson 2 OVERHEAD SLIDE

Male Side View


10. Bladder

11. Anus

9. Penis

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Grade 10 Lesson 2 OVERHEAD SLIDE

Female Reproductive Anatomy


3._________________

4._______
1._________
2._______

5.___________

6.__________

7.________ 8.________
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Grade 10 Lesson 2 OVERHEAD SLIDE

Female Reproductive Anatomy


3. Fallopian Tube

4. Uterus
1. Ova / Egg
2. Ovary

5. Cervix
6. Vagina

7. Vulva 8. Labia

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Grade 10 Lesson 2 OVERHEAD SLIDE

Female Side View

8. Bladder

10. Anus

7. Clitoris

6. Vagina
9. Urethra

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Grade 10 Lesson 2 OVERHEAD SLIDE

Female Reproductive Anatomy – External View

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Grade 10 Lesson 2 OVERHEAD SLIDE

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Grade 10 Lesson 2 OVERHEAD SLIDE

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Grade 10 Lesson 2 OVERHEAD SLIDE

FOUR STAGES OF HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE

1. Excitement Stage
 Result of stimulation
 Male and female genitals fill with blood and
increase in size
 Heart rate, blood pressure and breathing
increase
2. Plateau Stage
 Continuation of excitement phase
 Continuation of physical changes
 Varies in length of time
3. Orgasm Stage
 Climax/Ejaculation
 Release of tension built up during
excitement stage
 Lasts a few seconds
4. Resolution Stage
 Occurs after orgasm
 Heart rate, blood pressure and breathing
return to resting levels
 Genitals return to the unexcited state

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Grade 10 Lesson 2 WORKSHEET

MATCHING REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY


WORKSHEET
Directions: Match the definition from Column 2 with the word it describes in Column 1.

Column 1 Column 2
Reproductive Organs Functions
_____ 1. Cervix A. opening to uterus
_____ 2. Seminal Vesicles B. male organ that becomes erect during sexual
stimulation
_____ 3. Vas Deferens C. organ where a fetus develops
_____ 4. Ovary D. sac of skin that holds testicles
_____ 5. Testicles E. organ that stores urine in males and females
_____ 6. Uterus F. glands that contain immature ova (eggs)
_____ 7. Anus G. urethra and vas deferens merge with this
gland; has valve that restricts flow of urine
_____ 8. Vagina H. ova travel through these tubes
_____ 9. Labia I. a site of female sexual stimulation
_____10. Bladder J. opening for feces to pass from the body
_____11. Epididymis K. passageway for menstrual fluid; also the birth
canal
_____12. Clitoris L. tube through which sperm travel from the
testicles
_____13. Vulva M. male sex glands that produce sperm and
hormones
_____14. Urethra N. fluid that nourishes and carries sperm
_____15. Cowper’s Gland O. tube that carries urine
_____16. Scrotum P. glands that secrete seminal fluid
_____17. Penis Q. folds of skin that protect female external
genitals
_____18. Prostate R. secretes a drop of fluid during the early
_____19. Fallopian Tubes stages of sexual excitement to neutralize the
acidic environment of the urethra
_____20. Semen
S. female external genitalia
T. where sperm develop to maturity

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Grade 10 Lesson 2 ANSWER SHEET

MATCHING REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY


ANSWER SHEET
Directions: Match the definition from Column 2 with the word it describes in Column 1.

Column 1 Column 2
Reproductive Organs Functions
A 1. Cervix A. opening to uterus
P 2. Seminal Vesicles B. male organ that becomes erect during
sexual stimulation
L 3. Vas Deferens C. organ where a fetus develops
F 4. Ovary D. sac of skin that holds testicles
M 5. Testicles E. organ that stores urine in males and females
C 6. Uterus F. glands that contain immature ova (eggs)
J 7. Anus G. urethra and vas deferens merge with this
gland; has valve that restricts flow of urine
K 8. Vagina H. ova travel through these tubes
Q 9. Labia I. a site of female sexual stimulation
E 10. Bladder J. opening for feces to pass from the body
T 11. Epididymis K. passageway for menstrual fluid; also the
birth canal
I 12. Clitoris L. tube through which sperm travel from the
testicles
S 13. Vulva M. male sex glands that produce sperm and
hormones
O 14. Urethra N. fluid that nourishes and carries sperm
R 15. Cowper’s Gland O. tube that carries urine
D 16. Scrotum P. glands that secrete seminal fluid
B 17. Penis Q. folds of skin that protect female external
genitals
G 18. Prostate R. secretes a drop of fluid during the early
H 19. Fallopian Tubes stages of sexual excitement to neutralize the
acidic environment of the urethra
N 20. Semen
S. female external genitalia
T. where sperm develop to maturity

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Grade 10 Lesson 2 OVERHEAD SLIDE

SELF-EXAMS

Genital Self-Exam (GSE)


 Everyone should perform exams monthly.
 Examine the entire genital area.
 Look for any swelling, discharge, and/or sores.
 Seek medical attention if something is unusual.

Female Breast Self-Exam (BSE)


 Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in
females.
 Females should perform monthly breast exams one week
after the start of their period.
 Look for lumps; changes in size, shape or contour; or any
discharge.
 Seek medical attention if something is unusual.

Male Testicular Self-Exam (TSE)


 Testicular cancer most often occurs in young men ages
20–34 years old.
 Males should perform a monthly exam after a warm bath or
shower when scrotal skin is relaxed.
 Warning signs may include a mass/lump within the scrotum
which may or may not be painful.
 Seek medical attention if something is unusual.

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